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    Submitted By: - : Brijesh Kumar Patel BT - Cs 0709510012

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    Brijesh Patel
    The document discusses the history and components of graphics processing units (GPUs). It notes that GPUs were designed specifically for processing 3D graphics to simulate realistic images. GPUs relieve the CPU from graphical computations so the CPU can perform other tasks. Key points covered include the evolution of GPUs from early monochrome cards to today's dedicated hardware that performs massive parallel processing for graphics intensive applications. Components like the graphics processor, accelerator, frame buffer and their functions are defined.

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    Submitted By: - : Brijesh Kumar Patel BT - Cs 0709510012

    Uploaded by

    Brijesh Patel
    52 views24 pages
    The document discusses the history and components of graphics processing units (GPUs). It notes that GPUs were designed specifically for processing 3D graphics to simulate realistic images. GPUs relieve the CPU from graphical computations so the CPU can perform other tasks. Key points covered include the evolution of GPUs from early monochrome cards to today's dedicated hardware that performs massive parallel processing for graphics intensive applications. Components like the graphics processor, accelerator, frame buffer and their functions are defined.

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    gpuppt2003

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    The document discusses the history and components of graphics processing units (GPUs). It notes that GPUs were designed specifically for processing 3D graphics to simulate realistic images. GPUs relieve the CPU from graphical computations so the CPU can perform other tasks. Key points covered include the evolution of GPUs from early monochrome cards to today's dedicated hardware that performs massive parallel processing for graphics intensive applications. Components like the graphics processor, accelerator, frame buffer and their functions are defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    52 views24 pages

    Submitted By: - : Brijesh Kumar Patel BT - Cs 0709510012

    Uploaded by

    Brijesh Patel
    The document discusses the history and components of graphics processing units (GPUs). It notes that GPUs were designed specifically for processing 3D graphics to simulate realistic images. GPUs relieve the CPU from graphical computations so the CPU can perform other tasks. Key points covered include the evolution of GPUs from early monochrome cards to today's dedicated hardware that performs massive parallel processing for graphics intensive applications. Components like the graphics processor, accelerator, frame buffer and their functions are defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Submitted by:--

    BRIJESH KUMAR PATEL


    BT– CS
    0709510012
     A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a
    microprocessor that has been designed
    specifically for the processing of 3D graphics.

     Main purpose of GPU is to simulate the 3D


    images as realistic as possible on the computer
    screen
     GPU is mainly needed to relieve the CPU
    from graphical computations so that CPU
    can be used for other processes
     CPU is where all the GPU is a dedicated piece of
    program instructions are hardware that processes graphic.
    executed .
     CPU performs less GPU performs high intensive
    computation than computing & massive parallel
    GPU(150G flops)(floating processing (500G flops) (floating
    point operations per sec) point operations per sec)
     The first GPU, introduced in 1981 by IBM, were
    monochrome cards designated as Monochrome Display
    Adapters (MDAs).

     Then came Colour Graphics Adapter(CGA) & then the


    Enhanced Graphics Adapter(EGA).

     IBM introduced the Video Graphics Array (VGA) in


    1987. It could support up to 256 colors at resolutions up
    to 720x400

     Then came the Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) that


    supports upto 16.8 million colors and 1280x1024
    resolution
     Graphics Hardware
    Interface
     PERIPHERAL COMPONENT
     INTERCONNECT(PCI)

     ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT (AGP)

     PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNNECT-


    EXPRESS(PCI-E)
     Graphics Processor
    The processor is designed specifically to
    perform floating point calculations, which are
    fundamental to 3D graphics processing.
     Graphics Accelerator
    A graphics accelerator assists graphics
    processing by executing instructions
    concurrently.
     Frame Buffer
    A frame buffer is a video output device that
    drives a video display from a memory buffer
    containing a complete frame of data.
     Memory
    Video memory may be used for storing screen
    image as well as Z-Buffer which manages the
    depth coordinates in 3D graphics.

     Graphics BIOS
    This contains the basic program, which is
    usually hidden, that governs the video card's
    operations and provides the instructions that
    allow the computer and software to interact
    with the card.
     Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
    The RAMDAC or Random Access Memory Digital-
    to-Analog Converter, converts digital signals to
    analog signals for use by a computer display that
    uses analog inputs such as CRT displays.

     Display Connector
    This include connection system b/w the video card
    and the display devices such as monitor or a
    television.
     Everything that is displayed on the
    computer screen is 2D

     The push for more realism, more finely-


    detailed graphics and faster speeds in such
    programs as means that more 3D work
    must be done in a shorter period of time has
    resulted in need for 3D acceleration
    REAL IMAGE GRAPHICS
     Fillrate
    The fillrate usually refers to the number of pixels
    a video card can render and write to video
    memory in a second.

     Memory Bandwidth
    Memory bandwidth is the rate at which data can
    be read from or stored into a memory by a
    processor.
     Memory Clock
    This tells us the amount of memory bandwidth
    a graphics card has.

     Memory Interface (Memory Bus)


    The larger the Memory Interface width, faster
    the speed of data traveling in it.

     Core Clock
    The actual speed at which the graphics
    processor on a video card operates.
     A stream is simply a set of records that require similar
    computation.

     A technique used to accelerate the processing of many


    types of video and image computations is called stream
    processing.

     Streams provide data parallelism

     GPUs are stream processors – processors that can operate in


    parallel by running a single kernel on many records in a stream
    at once.

     Kernels are the functions that are applied to each element in the
    stream.
    API (Application Program
    Interface)
     It is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for
    building software applications

     GLide by 3dfx

     OpenGL by Silicon Graphics

     Direct3D by Microsoft
    TYPES OF GPU
     DEDICATED GPU

     INTEGRATED GRAPHICS SOLUTIONS

     HYBRID SOLUTIONS
    MANUFACTURERS OF GPU
     AMD

     Matrox Graphics

     Nvidia

     S3 Graphics

     Intel

     SiS

     PowerV
     Scattered reads – code can read from arbitrary addresses in
    memory.
     Shared memory – CUDA exposes a fast shared
    memory region (16KB in size) that can be shared amongst
    threads. This can be used as a user-managed cache,
    enabling higher bandwidth than is possible using texture
    lookups.
     Faster downloads and read backs to and from the GPU
     Full support for integer and bitwise operations, including
    integer texture lookups.
      
    DISADVANTAGE OF GPU

    1. System Design
     The processing capacities and capabilities of the
    GPU.
     The GPU’s internal banbwidth.

     GPU-CPU communication bandwidth.

     If the system is part of a processing network, the


    external network bandwidth.
    2.Techinal limitations:-
     Lack of fundamental computing constructs.

     lack of High Quality Random Numbers.

     Lack of Double Precision.

     Reduced Capability of Scatter Operations.

     Expensive Branching
     From the introduction of the first GPU’s in the
    1970’s to the most recent ones manufactured
    today, the present world of graphics has changed
    enormously and would have never been the same
    without it.

     Today lot of applications have become faster


    and efficient by using GPU technology thus
    saving lot of time in many scenarios.

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