Full Report
Full Report
Full Report
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2
WLAN AND WIMAX OVERVIEW
2.1WLAN OVERVIEW
WLANs are commonly used in their 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g versions to
provide wireless connectivity in home, office, and some commercial establishments; they are
also widely deployed in telemedicine systems. Since the early 1990s,the industrial, scientific,
and medical bands,2.4GHz and 5 GHz, have been made available for WLAN, among which
the 802.11b and 802.11g protocols are the most popular.IEEE 802.11 WLANs are most
suitable for local telemedicine services, IEEE 802.11e can be used for transmitting sensitive
medical data with QoS support, and IEEE 802.11i provides security support as an amendment
to the original IEEE 802.11 standard by specifying securitymechanisms for WLANs.
However, WLANs have limitations in terms of mobility and coverage area.
2.2WIMAX OVERVIEW
• Integrated services provided by the large network capacity of WiMAX enabling fully
functional telemedicine services such as various types of diagnostics, physical monitoring
pharmaceutical and drug dosage management services, good quality conversational
communications between a physician and a patient,and consultation among medical
specialists
• QoS framework defined in 802.16e enabling efficient and reliable transmission of medical
data
The most fundamental difference between WLAN and WiMAX is that they are designed for
totally different applications.
3.3Mobile medical data: Entire patient histories are accessible wirelessly. Medical data
can be searched from other patients with similar symptoms in order to learn from other
previous experiences. Taking privacy into consideration, only medical information is
available, without disclosing the identity of the particular patient. Bothpatients and medical
staff can wirelessly access patients’ medical data.
3.4Mobile robotic systems: Mobile robotic systems enable medical experts to control
medical devices such as ultrasonic devices at the patient side in isolated areas. Since medical
experts can control devices through networks, they can efficiently measure precise medical
information, and patients do not need to operate medical devices.Mobile Tele-Echography
Using an Ultra-LightRobot (OTERO is a good example of thistype of service. In order to
realize mobile robotic systems, real-time communications and large enough bandwidth for
transmitting high-resolution digital videos and images should be provided, and WiMAX
technology fulfills these requirements.
Figure 2 shows a high-level system model based on the integrated WiMAX and
WLAN wireless network for a telemedicine network connecting hospitals, clinics, drugstores,
mobile ambulances, a patient information management database, mobile specialists, and
patients at home as well as mobile patients.The hybrid system can be divided into five
subnetworks: body area networks (BANs), home care network/telehomecare, intranet of a
healthcare provider, including a hospital, a clinic, and a drug store, a network between the
patient home and the healthcare provider, and a mobile telemedicine network for mobile
patients and health service providers.A wireless heterogeneous network of WLAN, WiMAX,
and 3G cellular networks (dashed lines) is also shown in Fig. 2.
4.1BANs: The BAN is a particularly appealing solution to provide information about the
health status of a patient in medical environments such as hospitals or medical centers. The
integrated 802.16/802.11 wireless-network-based telemedicine system can also provide
medical services mobile clients.
IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee technology is utilized by a BAN to detect and predict the human
physiological states of wakefulness, fatigue, and stress. Different monitoring sensors are
integrated to attach to a patient’s body, aiming to acquire signals about EEG, ECG, EOG, and
EMG. The proposed BAN is a typical wireless sensor network and comprises two modules: a
personal data processing unit (PDPU), which controls all sensors and is connected to external
networks, and a sensor communication module (SCM) which uses wireless links, including
IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee, to communicate with a PDPU.
4.4Clinics and drugstores: In contrast to a hospital, WLAN APs can likely provide
enough coverage for clinics and drugstores. Therefore, dual mode WLAN APs can be
deployed at clinics and drugstores to communicate with healthcare centers through WiMAX
interfaces and to provide local wireless coverage through WLAN interfaces.
Chapter 5
The mobility and quick deployment offered by wireless communications will help
change our former views of the medical treatment in general, enabling high quality
health service remotely and inexpensively.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IEEE JOURNALS:
Wireless telemedicine services over integrated IEEE 802.11/WLAN and
IEEE 802.16/WiMAX networksYan Zhang; Ansari, N.; Tsunoda, H.;
Wireless Communications, IEEE
Volume: 17 , Issue: 1
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/MWC.2010.5416347
Publication Year: 2010.
IEEE JOURNALS:
Monitoring patients via a secure and mobilehealthcare systemYonglin
Ren; Pazzi, R.W.N.; Boukerche, A.;
Wireless Communications, IEEE
Volume: 17 , Issue: 1
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/MWC.2010.5416351
Publication Year: 2010 , Page(s): 59 – 65
www.springerlink.com/content/w96678918315566/
www.ieee.org/documents/Chorbev_Wireless_Telemedicine.pdf
https://www.cms.gov/Telemedicine
http://www.liebertpub.com/products/