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    PJON

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    hafizul188
    Soap is formed through a chemical reaction known as saponification. Saponification involves boiling fats or oils with a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide. This breaks down the fatty acid esters in fats and oils into soap and glycerol. Specifically, soap is the salt form of fatty acids that results when they are neutralized by an alkali during saponification. Common soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids like palmitate, oleate, and stearate that have 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The saponification process produces soap and glycerol from esters naturally found in fats and oils like glyceryl tristearate.

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    PJON

    Uploaded by

    hafizul188
    53 views3 pages
    Soap is formed through a chemical reaction known as saponification. Saponification involves boiling fats or oils with a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide. This breaks down the fatty acid esters in fats and oils into soap and glycerol. Specifically, soap is the salt form of fatty acids that results when they are neutralized by an alkali during saponification. Common soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids like palmitate, oleate, and stearate that have 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The saponification process produces soap and glycerol from esters naturally found in fats and oils like glyceryl tristearate.

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    Soap is formed through a chemical reaction known as saponification. Saponification involves boiling fats or oils with a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide. This breaks down the fatty acid esters in fats and oils into soap and glycerol. Specifically, soap is the salt form of fatty acids that results when they are neutralized by an alkali during saponification. Common soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids like palmitate, oleate, and stearate that have 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The saponification process produces soap and glycerol from esters naturally found in fats and oils like glyceryl tristearate.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    53 views3 pages

    PJON

    Uploaded by

    hafizul188
    Soap is formed through a chemical reaction known as saponification. Saponification involves boiling fats or oils with a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide. This breaks down the fatty acid esters in fats and oils into soap and glycerol. Specifically, soap is the salt form of fatty acids that results when they are neutralized by an alkali during saponification. Common soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids like palmitate, oleate, and stearate that have 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The saponification process produces soap and glycerol from esters naturally found in fats and oils like glyceryl tristearate.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    A.

    SOAP
    a.DEFINITION OF SOAP

     Soap is the salt formed when a fatty acid is neutralized by an alkali.

     Soaps are made from natural raw materials such as animals fats or plants
    oil.

    B.STRUCTURE OF SOAP(HYDROPHOBIC,HYDROPHILIC
    PART)
    Preparation of soap saponification
    1.Soap is a cleansing agents produced by the reaction between sodium hydroxide and
    potassium

    hydroxide with animal fats or vegetable oils. This reaction is known as saponification.

    2.Fats and vegetable oils are large, naturally occurring ester molecules. When fats or oils are
    boiled

    with concentrated alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, saponification occurs and the ester

    molecules are broken down into soap and glycerol.

    Fats or vegetable oils + concentrated alkalis

    soap +glycerol

    3.Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of ester using alkali solutions. From the chemist
    aspect,soaps are sodium salts or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids (with 12 to 18
    carbonatoms per molecule).

    4.Some examples of soaps are shown below.

    a)Sodium palmitate, C15H31COONa


    b)Sodium oleate, C17H33COONa
    c)Sodium stearate, C17H35COONa

    Additives such as perfume, colouring matter and sometimes antiseptics are added to soaps to

    enhance their marketability.

    5.Glyceryl tristearates are naturally occurring esters commonly found in animal fats and
    vegetableoils. When the ester is boiled with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution,
    saponification(alkaline hydrolysis) occurs and mixture of sodium stearate (soap) and glycerol is
    obtained

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