Smoking Habit of Individuals

PROJECT
ON
STATISTICS
SUBMITTED BY
ASHWET MRINAL (8)
ROHIT MEHTA (14)
RASHMI NARAYAN (28)
SECTION B
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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

CONTENTS :
1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE SURVEY

3. OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY

4. STUDY METHODOLOGY

a. Study Problem
b. Study Design

5. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT

6. DESCRIPTION OF DATA

7. STATISTICAL TOOLS IMPLEMENTED

8. STATISTICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

a. Family history of smoking.

b. Which brand do you prefer?
c. Smoking habit observed at various age groups.
d. Relationship between age at which began smoking and member in
family smoking.
e. Relationship between number of times in smoking environment and
cigarettes per day.
f. Boxplot of cigarettes per day.
g. What drives people to smoke?
h. Health problem related to smoking.

9. MAJOR FINDINGS

CONCLUSION

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

TOPIC:
To carry out a statistical survey on the smoking habits of people
residing in and around Electronics City, Bangalore.

INTRODUCTION:
One of the most serious health problems our nation is facing is
cigarette smoking. Each year, tens of thousand die, and countless
suffer from lung, cervical, and other types of cancer; respiratory
diseases such as asthma, and bronchitis; and cardiovascular diseases,
such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, as a consequence
of prolonged smoking.

Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in

cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only
occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. A smoking
habit is a physical addiction to tobacco products. The cigarette
industry is one of the oldest industries in India. Cigarette industry in
India is essentially capital intensive in nature. The growth of cigarette
industry both in domestic and international market represents a big
revenue opportunity for the economy, though it hampers the well
being of the society.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

THE SURVEY
WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH
We always find this warning labeled on the cigarette packs. In spite of
that cigarettes are being consumed.

The use of tobacco as cigarettes is a phenomenon predominating the

21st century. Due to the large variety of diseases caused by smoking
now it has taken a form of epidemic. The smokers are 3 to 4 times
more prone to heart diseases than non smokers and 90% lung cancer
deaths are due to smoking.

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

The purpose of this study was to analyse smoking habits of 50
individuals in and around electronic city. The study was conducted
through the medium of questionnaire .The major objectives of this
survey can be summed up as:
1. To find out the background of smokers.

2. To find out the most vulnerable age of smoking.

3. To find out the major reasons of smoking and

their importance.

4. To find out the awareness of Health problem related to

smoking.

5. To find out the impact of environment in smoking habits.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

STUDY METHODOLOGY

Study Problem
With increasing trends of smoking among individuals we thought it can
be useful to study the behavior and various aspects due to which
individuals engages in smoking.

Study Design
The Study design includes the overall research structure.

This Study is been conducted to know about the smoking habits

among individuals. Data of 50 individuals have been collected through
questionnaire consist of several questions to know personal opinions
of the respondents about smoking related traits.

The data is then entered in the computer system with a help of the
softwares like Microsoft Excel & Minitab 15.

The data has been analyzed through various statistical tools viz.
correlation, box plot, Mean-Median-Mode, covariance etc.

The report has been prepared in the detail format including all
computations of the values generated from the data collected.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent,

We students from IFIM B-School are conducting a survey on the

Smoking habits of the people. We will be grateful if you could kindly fill
up this questionnaire and provide us with your valuable feedbacks.

Please respond to the following statements and questions:

Name: _________________________________________

Gender: ____ M, ____F

Profession : Student ____ , Professional____ , Self-employed ____, Housewife____

Place a check in front of your age group:

____ 18 20 ____ 21 24 ____ 25 30 ____ 31 34 ____ 35 older

1. Do one or more of your parent(s) or guardian(s) currently smoke? ____ yes

____no

2. In the home in which you grew up, did anyone else smoke? ____ yes ____ no

3. If yes in number 1 and 2, how many members of your immediate household

(parents, siblings, grandparents) smoke? ______

4. How many times per day are you in an environment where you can smell smoke or
someone smoking? ____

5. At what age did you begin smoking? ____

6. What were the three main reasons you started smoking?

7. Approximately how many cigarettes do you smoke per day? _______

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

8. Which brand do you prefer ________

9. What are the good things for you about smoking?

Very Quite Not

Important Important
Important

it helps me to relax

it helps to break up my working time

it is something to do when I am bored

it helps me to cope with stress

I enjoy it

it is something I do with my friends or family

it stops me putting on weight

it stops me getting withdrawal symptoms

10. Do you anticipate health problems related to smoking? ____ yes ____no

11. Tick any of these health problems that you are worried about getting in the future

Heart disease stroke lung cancer

bronchitis circulation problems

12. Have you tried to stop smoking? ____ yes ____ no

If YES, how many times? ____
If YES, what methods did you try?
__________________________________________

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

13. Do you think that ...

Yes No Dont
Know

If you keep smoking you are more likely to become ill in the
future?

If you stop smoking, you will be healthier in the future?

The number of cigarettes you smoke will damage your

health?

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA:

The primary data were collected through Questionnaire
circulated in and around electronic city.

The secondary data were collected from Internet sources.

STASTICAL TOOLS IMPLEMENTED:

1. Correlation
2. Mean-Median-Mode
3. Covariance
4. Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient
5. Quartiles.

GRAPHS USED:
1. Pie-charts
2. Bar graph
3. Box plot
4. Doughnut
5. Scatter diagram

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

Statistical implementation and

interpretation of data

1. Family history in smoking.

This question reveals an individuals family history
(Parents/guardians) in which he/she grew up.

Family History

yes no

24%

76%

This data is a qualitative and nominal data. Through the above

data we can interpret that 76% of individuals grew up in an
environment where either of their parents and guardians were
indulged in smoking.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

2. Which brand do you prefer?

Brand preferred

Wills
20%

Gold Flake
Navy cut 34%
4%
More
2%
Marlboro
4%

Ing Signia
14%
Classic mild
18%

David Off
4%

This graph shows us the various brands of cigarettes preferred

by our sample. Gold flake is the most preferred brand with
34% of people opting for it. 2nd most preferred brand is Wills
with a 20% preference. With 18% of people opting for Classic
Mild, it is the 3rd most preferred brand. Ing Signia has 14%
preference and Navy cut, Marlboro, David Off have 4 %
preference.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

3. The smoking habits observed at various Age groups.

Smoking Habits of Diff. Age Groups

160
140
No of cigareettes

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

18 20
21 24
25 30
Age Group 31 34
35 +

18 20 21 24 25 30 31 34 35 +
no. of cigarettes 50 124 127 143 29
avg /person 5 8.857142857 10.58333333 11.91666667 14.5

The graph above shows us the average number of cigarettes

smoked by an individual in the various age groups. We can also
conclude that as the individual grows in age, his/her smoking
habit turns into an addiction and he/she tends to smoke more
number of cigarettes.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

4. Relationship between Age at which an individual began

smoking and members in family smoking.

Correlation
30

25
Age at which began smoking

20

15 Age at which began smoking

y = -0.830x + 19.82
R = 0.096 Linear (Age at which began
10 smoking)

5
R=0.31

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

No. of people in family, smoking

From the above graph we can interpret that the data follows a
negative correlation. i.e. If the no. of members in the family
smoking is more then the age at which the individual starts
smoking decreases.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

5. Relationship between No. of times in smoking environment

and Cigarettes per day.

25

Covariance=11.4524
20
Cigarettes per day

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

No. of times in smoking envoirment

From the above graph we can interpret that the data follows
the positive linear association(covariance). i.e. If the individual
is more no. of times in a smoking environment, then the
individual will tend to have more no. of cigarettes per day.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

6. Boxplot of Cigarettes per day.

Outlier

Q3 = 15

Median = 7.5

Q1 = 5

In the above graph it is found that

Mean = 9.36 Q3= 15 (75% of data falls below this limit)
Median = 7.5 Q1= 5 (25% of data falls below this limit)
Inter Quartile Range = Q3 Q1 = 10
Outlier = 31 (cigarettes smoked per day by an individual)

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

7. What drives people to Smoke?

Very Important Quite Important Not

Important
33 12 5
it helps me to relax
it helps to break up 7 28 15
my working time
it is something to do 12 19 19
when I am bored
it helps me to cope 37 8 5
with stress
34 13 3
I enjoy it
it is something I do 5 4 41
with my friends or
family
it stops me putting 7 14 29
on weight
it stops me getting 9 41
withdrawal
symptoms

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

What drives People to Smoke

45

40

35

30

25

20

15
Very Important
10 Quite Important
Not Important
5

From the survey we conducted we are able to conclude that

most of the people engage themselves in smoking activities to
cope with stress, because they enjoy it and it helps them to
relax. It is not something they would like doing with family and
friends or to stop them from putting on weight.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

8. Health problems related to smoking.

Heart disease stroke lung cancer

bronchitis circulation problems

In the table below we have applied Spearman Rank Correlation

to relate the Individuals view (Xi) and Doctors View (Yi).
No. of people Xi Yi
Name Of Disease aware (Primary) (Secondary) di=Xi-Yi di2
Heart disease 15 2 4 -2 4
Stroke 13 3 2 1 1
Lung Cancer 28 1 1 0 0
Bronchitis 11 4 3 1 1
Circulative Problems 9 5 5 0 0
Total 76 15 15 0 6

rs = 1-6di2 rs = 0.71
n(n2-1)

where rs = Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient

n = total no of diseases being ranked

Through this statistical tool we can say there is a strong
association between the individuals view and the doctors view
on the health hazards caused by cigarette smoking.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

MAJOR FINDINGS

Around 76% of individuals grew up in an environment where

either of their parents and guardians were indulged in
smoking.

Gold flake is the most preferred brand with 34% of people

opting for it. 2nd most preferred brand is Wills with a 20%
preference.

We can conclude that as the individual grows in age, his/her

smoking habit turns into an addiction and he/she tends to
smoke more number of cigarettes.

From the graph of correlation we can interpret that if the

no. of members in the family smoking is more then the age
at which the individual starts smoking decreases.

From the graph of covariance we can interpret that if the

individual is found to be more no. of times in a smoking
environment, then the individual will tend to have more no.
of cigarettes per day.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

From the survey we conducted we are able to conclude that

most of the people engage themselves in smoking activities
to cope with stress, because they enjoy it and it helps them
to relax.

Through Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient statistical

tool we can say there is a strong association between the
individuals view and the doctors view on the health hazards
caused by cigarette smoking.

DATABASE ON SMOKING HABITS:

- Database on smoking habits.xlsx

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

CONCLUSION:

A major trend has been observed towards increasing

habits of smoking among people. Every individual is the
backbone of the nation and they have to take a great care of
their health towards achieving higher goals in life and
contributing to the economy.

Also cigarette companies and the government have to take

initiative to provide people with those cigarette products
which do not cause health hazards to the smoking community.

Every day there is an increasing trend to adopt cigarettes in

early age for a style factor which later becomes an addiction.

Our study was a sincere effort to know smoking habits among

individuals in and around Electronic City, Bangalore.

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 Smoking Habit of Individuals

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
1 : Statistics for business and economics
- Anderson, Sweeney, Williams.

2 : Statistics for business and economics

- David Bowers

3 : Modular Mathematics Statistics

- A.D.Mayer & A.M.Sykes

WEBSITES
www.google.com
www.wikiepedia.com

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