Country Paper: Bangladesh: Part 1
Country Paper: Bangladesh: Part 1
Country Paper: Bangladesh: Part 1
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute
(ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the
governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of
their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official
terms.
1.Introduction
Bangladesh, the 9th largest (population 160 million) country in the world in terms of population
having only 144,000 sq. Km. of land area (94th in terms of area). Bangladesh is one of the world
most densely populated country (density is around 2600 sq. mile ). With such a huge population
and limited resources, Bangladesh is in the march towards economic development. It is doing
better in achieving Millennium Development Goals in most of the indicators, in comparison to
the neighboring countries. Bangladesh is a land mass bestowed with rich natural resources and
ecological and biological diversity. Expansion and intensification of agriculture, uncontrolled
industrialization, destruction of natural habitats, and increasing urbanization to satisfy the needs
of the growing population and economic development have been major threats to the its rich
heritage. The antagonism between population growth, resource depletion, and environmental
degradation is being widely deliberated in the recent years. Arguments, most of the times, are
between population growth as the main cause of increasing environmental pressures, economic
development, unsustainable agricultural and industrial practices, and excessive or wasteful
consumption. Some basic indicators of Bangladesh in terms of economy and employment are
given bellow:
3.1.2 Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) provides a package of
services to private sector entrepreneurs in Bangladesh in the small and cottage industries sector.
It was created through an Act of Parliament in 1957 which was later amended in 1992. BSCIC
has country-wide institution network to provide door
step services for entrepreneurs. BSCIC has developed a
total of 74 industrial estates throughout the country to
foster the growth of SCIs in a balanced manner and also
construction works for good number of estates including
special type like Tannery, API (Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients) and Garments Park are under execution.
BSCICs Vision-2025
BSCIC strives to create resilient and efficient SMCIs,
able to compete in a liberalized market environment.
SMCIs have to be efficient and knowledge-driven,
including using ICT to be globally connected and
accessible. The Corporation will promote SMCIs to be an integral part of the countrys industrial
development capable of producing high value-added manufacturing product & services. BSCIC
will serve as the national focal point for the over all development of SMCIs in the country. The
principal goal of the Bangladesh Govt. economic policy is to reduce poverty which is coherent
with the MDGs. (Details of BSCIC can be known from its website:http://www.bscic.gov.bd)
3.2 Informal Industrial Cluster
Besides the aforesaid government Industrial Cluster, another type of Industrial clusters might
found along with the highways of Major cities like: Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna in
Bangladesh. Though, these industries might found as cluster, but initially they were not like that.
Private entrepreneurs set-up their industries based on communication facilities and afterwards, it
were developed as a cluster of industries along the high ways, due to lack of regulatory control
by the government. These industries are basically large/medium sized and labour intensive by
characterstics. Pattern of these industries are not unique in character, so it might not be possible
to ensure common treatment facilities (i.e. ETP) for those industries.
3.2.1Neighbourhood Industries
Another type of industries, which were come in seen after the BBS (Bangladesh Bearue of
Statistics) survey, 2012. A draft report shows that total number of economic units stands at
8075704 during the census period, which was 3708144 in 2001 & 03 and 2169419 in 1986. The
growth of economic units was 71percent during 1986 through 2001 & 03 and 118 percent during
2001 & 03 to 2013. This economic units includes mainly small and cottage industries. Findings
of the draft report are as follow:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Local and foreign investment registered with BOI from July, 2011 to June, 2012
Sl Type
Number
of Proposed Investment Values
Proposed
projects
Employment
1 Local investment 1735
6678.675
m
US$ 326535
(534769.057 m Tk)
2 Joint
&
100% 221
4470.000
m
US$ 124615
Foreign Investment
(344168.000 m Tk)
(Source: Board of Investment, (www.boi.gov.bd)