In Re Continental Investment Corporation, Debtor, Monte J. Wallace and Neil W. Wallace, 637 F.2d 8, 1st Cir. (1980)

637 F.
2d 8
7 Bankr.Ct.Dec. 155
In re CONTINENTAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION,

Debtor,
Monte J. Wallace and Neil W. Wallace, Appellants.
No. 80-1248.
United States Court of Appeals,

First Circuit.
Argued Oct. 10, 1980.
Decided Dec. 5, 1980.
William F. Macauley, Boston, Mass., with whom Joanne M. Neale and

Craig & Macauley, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellants Monte J.
Wallace and Neil W. Wallace.
Carl K. King, Boston, Mass., with whom Daniel M. Glosband, Rosemarie
Sbaratta, and Goldstein & Manello, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for
appellee Paul Lazzaro, Trustee.
Richard L. Bond, New York City, with whom Stephen B. Camhi, Maura
Wogen, Marshall, Bratter, Greene, Allison & Tucker, New York City,
Jack R. Pirozzolo, and Willcox, Pirozzolo & McCarthy, Boston, Mass.,
were on brief, for appellee Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated.
Alan L. Lefkowitz, Boston, Mass., with whom James D. McGinley, and
Gaston Snow & Ely Bartlett, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellee
Dort A. Cameron, III.
Martin I. Klein, New York City, with whom Robin A. Levitt, and Dreyer
& Traub, New York City, were on brief, for appellees Lowell J. Milken, et
al.
Lawrence G. Cetrulo, Boston, Mass., with whom Thomas D. Burns, and
Burns & Levinson, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellees David C.
Brown, Jr., et al.
Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, CAMPBELL, Circuit Judge, PELL, Circuit
Judge.*
COFFIN, Chief Judge.
This appeal is the third we have decided to date arising from these yetuncompleted bankruptcy proceedings. Each has been instituted by these
appellants, the majority shareholders in the bankrupt Continental Investment
Corporation. The appeal presents a single, simple issue: whether the district
court abused its discretion in approving a compromise settlement of an
adversary proceeding brought by the bankrupt's trustee. We find that it did not,
and we affirm.
Before considering this issue, we pause briefly to address the question of our
jurisdiction over this appeal. Since the order appealed from is interlocutory, we
would ordinarily lack jurisdiction to review it. Appellants cite as their only
basis for invoking our jurisdiction the terms of the compromise, which
purportedly provide that "the compromise cannot be implemented until the
entry of an appellate order from which no further appeal is permissible." We
think this argument is seriously misguided in at least two respects: first,
because the compromise provides only that if any appeal is taken the
compromise is not effective until it is completed, and second and more
fundamentally because in no event can parties confer appellate jurisdiction by
agreement. We note sua sponte that two exceptions to the final judgment rule
are potentially applicable here: the special appellate jurisdiction over
proceedings in bankruptcy conferred by section 24(a) of the Bankruptcy Act of
1898, 11 U.S.C. 47(a) (repealed 1978, but applicable to this litigation), and
the jurisdiction over certain collateral orders under 12 U.S.C. 1291
established in Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 69
S.Ct. 1221, 93 L.Ed. 1528 (1949). See In re Continental Investment Corp., 637
F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1980). The appellants have not raised either jurisdictional basis,
and we consider neither to be self-evidently applicable. See id. Nonetheless,
because we find this appeal to be so clearly lacking in merit, we proceed to
consider the issue presented without definitely ruling on the question of our
jurisdiction.
Despite the relative simplicity of the issue before us, both the facts giving rise
to the adversary proceeding and the procedures involved in the approval of the
settlement are somewhat complex. Because appellants allege that the district
court abused its discretion both substantively, by approving a settlement not in
the best interest of the estate, and procedurally, by approving the settlement on
the basis of an inadequate record, we must review both sets of facts in some
detail.
4
The early history of CIC's reorganization proceedings is given in our first

opinion in this litigation, In re Continental Investment Corp., 586 F.2d 241 (1st
Cir. 1978), aff'd, 440 U.S. 981, 99 S.Ct. 1789, 60 L.Ed.2d 241 (1979). The
adversary proceeding, brought by the trustee against Dort A. Cameron III
("Cameron"), Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc. ("DBL") and certain DBL
employees and members of their families ("appellees"), centered on the
following facts. Cameron was at all relevant times a California-based Vice
President of Institutional Fixed Income Sales for DBL, a securities brokerdealer based in New York City. In December, 1979, he became a member of
the Debentureholders' Protective Committee ("the Committee") representing
the interests of the bankrupt's debentureholders in the reorganization
proceedings. In his capacity as a Committee member, Cameron, in January and
February, 1974, received several letters containing alleged material inside
information concerning the bankrupt. At the same time, he negotiated a sale of
the entire holdings of CIC's two largest debentureholders ("the Systems") to
DBL, for which he received a sales commission of approximately $1600. DBL
in turn within a day or two sold about 40 percent of those debentures to other
employees in the Los Angeles office, yielding it a profit of approximately
$25,000. It is the sale by Cameron and the purchase by DBL under these
conditions that constitutes the primary object of the adversary proceeding.
The conduct of that proceeding itself forms the second target of appellants'
challenge. In March, 1979, the Committee filed an Application for Approval of
Purchases and Sales of Debentures, which was opposed by the trustee, the
appellants, and the SEC. After a hearing, at which the Committee filed three
supporting affidavits, the district court on April 13 enjoined the defendants
from disposing of any debentures acquired from the Systems, and directed the
trustee and the appellants to conduct discovery within 60 days on their claim
that the purchases violated fiduciary duties owned CIC's debentureholders.
Discovery commenced on May 1. Appellants, the SEC and the trustee took daylong depositions of both Cameron and Edwin Kantor, a Senior Executive Vice
President of DBL, totalling over 500 pages, and viewed numerous documents;
other documents requested were said to be non-existent or were objected to.
The trustee formally instituted the adversary proceeding on June 13 with the
filing of a request for a limitation of appellees' claims on the debentures
pursuant to section 212 of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. 612 (repealed
1978), and for a preliminary injunction against their selling any debentures
pending a decision on the merits. A hearing was held on the motion for a
preliminary injunction, at which thirteen additional affidavits were filed. The
motion was denied on July 19 on the ground that the trustee had failed to show
irreparable harm and a likelihood of success on the merits, and the injunction of
April 13 was dissolved. Indicating that he intended to pursue the merits of the
complaint, the trustee in August and September filed a second request for
production of documents from DBL, to which DBL objected, and several
additional notices of depositions. As a result of settlement negotiations, the
trustees on January 21, 1980 filed an application for authority to compromise
the controversy for $130,000 ("the application"), to which appellants objected.
Argument on the application was held on February 20, and the district court
approved the compromise on March 10, noting that the additional discovery
sought by appellants was "not likely to contribute anything further" that was apt
to improve the adversary proceeding's "demonstrably uncertain chance of
success."
7
We agree with the district court. We think it clear procedurally that the record
before the district court was an adequate one on which to assess the
compromise application, and equally clear substantively that on that record the
court did not abuse its discretion in approving the application. We need refer to
only a few specific aspects of the proceedings in the district court to confirm
each of these conclusions.
First, what appellants themselves describe as "the only factual issue ... to be
determined in the adversary proceeding" (their emphasis) was whether
Cameron's status on the committee was that of DBL's agent. In considering this
question, the district court had before it both the Cameron and the Kantor
depositions, each of which described Cameron as one of many general
salesmen for DBL, whose title of Vice President was an honorific one and who
had no discretionary authority even with respect to DBL's purchase decisions.
As to whether Cameron represented DBL on the committee, the depositions
related that Cameron was new to and unfamiliar with such committees, and that
he became involved in it and represented his involvement to others as being
wholly in his personal capacity as a holder of a significant amount of
debentures. Finally, the depositions, together with an affidavit provided by a
DBL in-house counsel, specifically stated that DBL instructed Cameron, upon
his notifying them of his position on the Committee, that he was to represent
only himself and not DBL, and that DBL would never employ a saleman so to
represent it. On the basis of this evidence, the district court found in its order of
July 19, 1979 that "Cameron played no role as a committee member and the
facts do not support any allegation that he provided DBL with information that
influenced their decision." In its order of March 10, 1980, the district court
addressed the question at length:
9 the Trustee were to prevail in this controversy, he must prove that Dort Cameron
"If
was an agent of Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated (DBL), while serving on the
debentureholders' committee. We have reviewed again the extensive record,
including affidavits, depositions, and memoranda of counsel and conclude that there
is no basis for such a finding under either of the two theories advanced by the
opposition on the present record. We are satisfied that the intensive, though shortlived, investigation conducted by the Trustee in this matter is a sufficient basis upon
which to rest that conclusion and we need not repeat our earlier findings and
conclusions."
10
We think the evidence before the court, coupled with the failure of discovery to
suggest anything to be contrary, provided an ample basis for reaching a
decision on this question and sufficient support for the decision rendered.
11
We note only one further ground for not disturbing the district court's decision:
the multi-faceted nature of its discretion on the matters presented. First, the
merits of the underlying adversary proceeding whose compromise the court
approved were specifically addressed to its discretion: the section 212 relief
sought by the trustee provided that the district court "may" limit claims for
specified reasons. Second, the nature and extent of appropriate discovery is in
any event committed to the district court's discretion. Finally, the decision
whether to approve a proposed compromise of a claim under section 27 of the
Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. 50 (repealed 1978) turns on the court's assessment
of "the best interest of the estate". In making that assessment, the court is to
consider the probability of success of the litigation, the difficulties of discovery,
the complexity, expense, and delay incurred by the litigation, and the
paramount interest of the creditors. See TMT Trailer Ferry v. Anderson, 390
U.S. 414, 424, 88 S.Ct. 1157, 1163, 20 L.Ed.2d 1 (1968); Drexel v. Loomis, 35
F.2d 800, 806 (8th Cir. 1929).
12
Again, the district court addressed the relevant considerations directly and
extensively:
13 alleged principal participants have provided affidavits or have been deposed.

"The
The depositions were conducted at length, and with great care, and, the Court notes,
with great zeal and intensity by counsel for the majority stockholders. Further
depositions, no matter how skillful or intense, are unlikely to produce information
any more probative than is now available from these principal sources. Nor is it
likely that further depositions of some purchasers would force a retraction or retreat
from these positions .... The Court is satisfied that the Trustee has carefully
considered this claim and has made an independent evaluation of its prospects. That
evaluation is based upon a sufficient investigation and discovery of the essential,
relevant and critical evidentiary witnesses. The interest of the majority stockholders
is understandable, but there is no other opposition to this compromise. The Trustee
ought not to be forced to engage in protracted litigation at the expense of the estate
when there appears to be a demonstrably uncertain chance of success.
14
With this analysis and conclusion before us, we are not prepared to say that the
court has failed in this case adequately to consider the appropriate factors.
Indeed, in light of the fact that this is the third unsuccessful and relatively
nonmeritorious appeal brought by these appellants from yet uncompleted
bankruptcy proceedings, and the fact that appellants are the only party to object
to the compromise, we are particularly disinclined to find that the court abused
its discretion in denying them further discovery or the opportunity to engage in
further litigation. Accordingly, the order approving the proposed compromise
is affirmed.
15
So ordered.
Of the Seventh Circuit, sitting by designation

In Re Continental Investment Corporation, Debtor, Monte J. Wallace and Neil W. Wallace, 637 F.2d 8, 1st Cir. (1980)

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637 F.

In re CONTINENTAL INVESTMENT CORPORATION,

United States Court of Appeals,

William F. Macauley, Boston, Mass., with whom Joanne M. Neale and

The early history of CIC's reorganization proceedings is given in our first

13 alleged principal participants have provided affidavits or have been deposed.

Of the Seventh Circuit, sitting by designation

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