Pipe & Pipe Fitting Guide For Oil & Gas Career
Pipe & Pipe Fitting Guide For Oil & Gas Career
Pipe & Pipe Fitting Guide For Oil & Gas Career
I am Varun Patel
Mechanical Engineering
Certified Project
Management
Professional- PMP
My Experience
More than 10 years in Oil &
Gas Industry- Mainly Refinery
and Offshore Platforms
Work from Project initiation
to Project Closed out of mega
projects
Ideal for.
Student who want career in Oil & Gas
or other process Industry
Career changer in Oil & Gas or other
process Industry
Construction professional working such
as Pipe fitter, welder, fabricator,
piping supervisor etc.
7
Ideal for.
Professional working in different
discipline such as operation,
maintenance, instrument, electrical,
administrative or any other field
This course does not covering Piping
System Design, fabrication and site
installation activities.
8
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Process
Piping
Source: Piping Component G_FORDHAM
Process Industries
Source: Pixabay.com
Piping Systems:
Interconnected piping subject to the
same sets of design conditions.
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Code,
Standard &
Specification
1
into
business
contract
4
10
Dimension standard
Dimension Standard cover
Different standard for different components gives
product specific requirements
Pipe
Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
schedules, end types, permissible variance, markings and
weight of pipe
ASME B36.10 - Welded & Seamless wrought iron pipes
ASME B36.19 - Stainless steel pipes
15
Dimension standard
Pipe Fittings
sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
ratings, end preparation, various tolerances and marking
requirements
Butt welded fittings;
ASME B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings
ASME B16.28 - Wrought Steel Butt Welding Short Radius Elbows
and Returns
Dimension standard
Flange:
Pressure-temperature ratings, materials, various flange
dimensions, tolerances, marking. Flange bolting dimension and
gasket requirements are also included
17
Dimension standard
Branch connection
Pressure-temperature ratings, size and types, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing
MSS SP-97
Bolting
Included in Flange dimension standard
ASME B16.5 /B16.47
18
Dimension standard
Gasket:
Materials, dimensions, tolerances, and markings for metal
ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound metal gaskets, and metal
jacketed gaskets and type of filler material used
ASME B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-RingJoint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed
ASME B16.21- Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
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21
Piping
Materials
Selection
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Non-Metal
Non-Ferrous
Lined /Clad
PVC / CPVC
Rubber Lined
Cast Iron
Copper Alloy
HDPE
PTFE Lined
Carbon Steel
Nickel Alloy
GRP/GRE
FRP Lined
Alloy Steel
Aluminum
Alloy
Cement
Glass Lined
Stainless Steel
Other Alloy
Cement Lined
5
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Ferrous
Metal
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Ferrous Metal
Metal which contains more iron than any other
single element falls under ferrous metal.
They are divided in following categories
Cast iron / Cast Steel
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Alloy Steel
Fe
Iron
Carbon Steel
It can further classified as under
Law carbon steel: Carbon - 0.05% to 0.25%
Medium Carbon Steel: Carbon - 0.25% to 0.5%
High Carbon Steel: Carbon - 0.5% to less than 2%
Carbon Steel
Commonly use carbon steel grade in Process piping
Pipe: ASTM A53 Gr A/B, A106 Gr A/B/C, API 5L Gr B
Wrought Fittings: ASTM A234 Gr.WPA/B, A420
Gr.WPL6
Forged Fittings: ASTM A105, A350 Gr LF1/LF2, A181
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10
Alloy
Steel
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Alloy Steel
Adding of alloying elements to improve the
characteristics of the material is termed as Alloy
Steel
Low alloy steel :Alloying elements < 5%
High alloy steel :Alloying elements > 5%
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Stainless
Steel
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Stainless Steel
A steel with a minimum chromium content of 10.5 %
or more, and a maximum carbon content of less than
1.20%
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Non-ferrous
Metal
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Non-ferrous Metal
Contains no iron or insignificant amount
Metal such as Aluminum, Copper, Nickel, Titanium etc.
Material used in Process Ind.
Copper and Copper Alloys
Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Titanium and Titanium Alloys
Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys
2
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Non- Metallic
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
PVC / CPVC
PVC / CPVC
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (higher strength at
elevated temperatures than PVC)
PVC / CPVC
PVC , CPVC required protection form ultraviolet
exposure if installed outdoor.
Start softening when subjected to high temperature.
PVC / CPVC
Pipe are manufactured by Extrusion process
Fittings, flanges and valves are manufactured by
injection moulding
Has many application in industries and in home
water piping.
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12
Lined / Clad
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Lined Pipe
Mechanical bonding between pipe and line material
To get the benefit of anti-corrosion property of lined
material and strength of carbon steel
Commonly used lined material are
PTFE
Rubber
Glass
FRP (Fiber reinforced plastic)
2
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Pipe
Varun Patel, B.E- Mechanical, PMP
1
Pipe
A straight pressure tight cylindrical hallow,
used in piping system
Different types of pipes used in different design
conditions, considering technical and
commercial parameters
Pipes are mainly classified as follow ;
2
Pipe
Pipes are mainly classified as below;
Seamless
Pipe
SAW
Welded
ERW/EFW
Straight
SAW
Helical/Spiral
SAW
Single
Seam
Double
Seam
Pipe Size
Pipe size are mentioned as nominal pipe size
(NPS),also mentioned as Diameter nominal (DN)
It is in-between of outer and inner diameter of
pipe
For NPS 14 and above NPS is same as outer
diameter
4
Pipe Size
ID will changed
with changed in
Pipe Schedule
number
Pipe length
Pipe are available in following lengths
Single random
4.8 m to 6.7 m with 5% of lengths 3.7 to 4.8 m
Double random
minimum average of 10.7 m and a minimum length
of 4.8 m with 5 % 4.8 m to 10.7 m
Pipe Thickness
Thickness are expressed in Schedule number
(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160)
Also in STD, extra strong-XS, double extra
strong-XXS
Higher the schedule higher the thickness
Pipe Thickness
What is Schedule No?
A schedule number is the approximate value
of the equation = 1000 P/S
P is the service pressure in (psi)
S is the allowable stress in (psi)
Pipe Thickness
The outside diameter of each pipe size is
standardized. Therefore, inside diameter
depends upon the schedule number of pipe
ASME B36.10 provides standard dimension
requirements for Welded & Seamless wrought
iron pipes.
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Pipe ends
Pipe can be
Plain end
Beveled end
Threaded end
Special end such as socket & spigot
with o-ring type gaskets
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13
Pipe
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
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Pipe
Manufacturing-1
Seamless Pipe
Strongest amongst all pipes.
Homogenous structure throughout pipe length.
Available in wide range of size.
Restriction on large size
Used in manufacturing of bends, elbow, tee.
2
Piercing Method
Extrusion
Forging
Billet
Heating in Furness
Piercing
Extrusion
Pull
Force
Hot Extrusion
Welded Pipe
Pipe are manufactured from Plate or Coil
Plate or coil rolled in circular section to weld
Can be welded with or without filler material
No restriction on large size
Used in manufacturing of bends, elbow
Weak in compare to seamless pipe due to joint
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13
Induction Weld
anodes
Weld Bead
Trimmer
Water Cooling
Online NDT
Induction Heat
treatment
14
19
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20
Pipe
Manufacturing-2
Hydrostatic Test
Ensure 100% leak proof pipe
Ensure ability withstand under pressure
Hydro test pressure is calculated based on
equation given in ASTM A530
Marking
Following shall be marked on pipe
Manufacturer logo
ASTM material code
Material Grade
Size
Thickness
VP 8 Sch 80 A106 XYZ123 10.2m
Length
Heat No
Special marking WR or NH,
13
Marking
Marking can be by paint or by Hard punching
For stainless steel stenciling can be used
For carbon steel no hard punching below 6 mm
thickness
For stainless steel no hard punching below 12 mm
thickness
14
15
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16
Fittings
1
Fittings
Fittings are Piping component which helps in
Changes the direction of the flow
elbows, tee
Fittings ends
Socket weld & Threaded end
ASME B16.11 - Forged steel socket welding &
threaded fittings
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Fittings
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Material
Commonly used material for wrought fittings
Carbon Steel :- ASTM A234Gr.WPA/B, ASTM
A420 Gr.WPL6
Alloy Steel :- ASTM A234 WP1 /WP5 /WP7 /WP9
/WP11 /WP12 /WP22
Stainless Steel :- ASTM A403 WP304 /WP304L
/WP304H /WP316 / WP316L/ WP321/ WP347
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Material
Commonly used material for forge fittings
Carbon Steel :- ASTM A181, ASTM A105, ASTM
A350 LF1/2
Alloy Steel :- ASTM A182F1 /F2 /F5 /F7 /F9/
F11 /F12 /F22
Stainless Steel :- ASTM A182F6 /F304 /F304L
/F304H /F316 /F316L/ F321/ F347/ F348
6
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Fittings
Manufacturing-1
Push
Die
10
Die
19
Die
24
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Fittings
Manufacturing-2
Marking
Marking can be by paint or by Hard punching
For stainless steel stenciling can be used
For carbon steel no hard punching below 6 mm
thickness
For stainless steel no hard punching below 12
mm thickness
12
13
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14
Flange
By: Varun Patel, B.E- Mechanical, PMP
1
Flange
Second most used joining method after welding
Connect pipe with various equipment
Provide flexibility in maintenance
Cannot use in underground piping
Most common source of leak
Varity of flanges available to suit requirements
2
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22
Flange
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Material of construction
Standard Flanges are made by forge materials
Carbon steel
Low alloy steel
Stainless steel
Combination of Exotic martials (Stub) and other
materials
2
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Flange
Manufacturing
1
Manufacturing
Flanges are manufactured by
forging
Large diameter flange are
made by ring rolling
methods
Final dimension are
achieved by machining
2
Hydrostatic Test
Not required unless specifically
requested by purchaser
Code mandate that flange shall
be able to withstand under
pressure test of rating of
finished
Marking
Following shall be marked on pipe
Manufacturer logo
ASTM material code
Material Grade
Service rating (Pressure Class)
Size
Thickness (Schedule)
VP 6 CL300 Sch80 A105 WNRF ABC12
Heat No
Special marking QT (Quenched and tempered) or W
(Repair by welding)
12
Marking
Marking can be by paint or by Hard punching
For stainless steel stenciling can be used
Flanged are marked in flange thickness area.
13
14
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15
Branch
Connection
By: Varun Patel, B.E- Mechanical, PMP
1
Branch Connection
Reinforced branch Pipe to
pipe
Site fabricated branch
connections
10
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11
Branch Connection
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Material of construction
Standard branch connection are made by forge
materials
Carbon steel
Low alloy steel
Stainless steel
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Branch Connection
Manufacturing
Distractive Testing
Tensile test
Hardness test
Impact test / Charpy V-Notch Test
Proof Test (Type Test) if specified
Marking
Following shall be marked on Olets
Manufacturer logo
ASTM material code
Material Grade
Service rating (Pressure Class)
Size
Thickness (Schedule)
Heat No
Color code if specified
11
Marking
Marking by Hard punching
For stainless steel stenciling can be used
If ask by purchaser colour coding are also done
12
13
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14
Gasket
By: Varun Patel, B.E- Mechanical, PMP
1
Gasket
Gasket is sealing material
placed between connecting
Flanges
create a static seal
Maintain leakage proof sealing
in all operating conditions
Winding
Material
Inner Ring
10
13
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Gasket
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Non-Metallic Gasket
Resilient or pliable material
Commonly used materials
Compressed Non-Asbestos fiber
PTFE
Rubber
Mica
Ceramic fiber
2
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Gasket
Manufacturing
1
Manufacturing of Gasket
Non-metal gasket are manufactured as long sheet
and cut as per requirements
Spiral wound gasket are made by winding of metal
and filler material on winding machine
Winded material are tack welded to inner and
outer ring of gasket
Manufacturing of Gasket
Metallic gasket are made from forged ring or cut
from the metal sheet and machined to achieve
final surface finish and dimension
Dimension
ASME B16.20-Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges,
Ring-Joint, Spiral Wound and Jacketed
ASME B16.21-Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe
Flanges
Marking
Manufacturer logo
Manufacturing Code
Size and Pressure Class
Filler and winding material
Inner and Outer ring material
Source: Flexitallic
9
10
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11
Bolting
Varun Patel, B.E- Mechanical, PMP
1
Bolting
Bolting is a term that includes stud, bolts, nuts, and
washers
Also Known as fastener
Washers
Conical or Belleville Springs washers
Keep bolted joints tight
High spring loads with small deflections
Used in area where vibration, differential thermal expansion,
and bolt creep present
10
11
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12
Bolting
Material
Wiki Common user: Alexander AlUS
Material of construction
Carbon steel
Low alloy steel
Stainless steel
Exotic material, such as Monel, Inconel, Nickel alloy
Material of construction
These material further divide in
High Strength
Intermediate strength
Low Strength
Coating
Bolting are also coted with different materials to
improve
its
maintenance
Chrome plated
Galvanized
Xylan coated
PTFE coated
corrosion
resistance
and
reduce
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Bolting
Manufacturing
1
18
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