Agriculture Notes
Agriculture Notes
Agriculture Notes
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Agriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock. In the
world, 50 per cent of persons are engaged in agricultural activity. Two-thirds of Indias population is still dependent on
agriculture.
Note The land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land
Important Term
Agriculture The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is also called farming
Sericulture Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the farmer
Viticulture Cultivation of grapes
Pisciculture Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds
Horticulture Horticulture Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.
Olericulture Study of vegetable science
Green Revolution It stands for a major technological breakthrough in India based on (i) improved seeds of high yielding
varieties, (ii) adequate and assured supply of water for irrigation, and (iii) increased and appropriate application of
chemical fertilizers for increasing agricultural production
White Revolution It stands for remarkable increase in milk production
Blue Revolution It refers to big rise in catching of fresh water and marine fish
Yellow Revolution It refers to remarkably steady and assured supply of poultry products
Pink Revolution It refers to a considerable rise in the production of quantity of apples particularly in the states of
Himachal Pradesh and J&K
Black Revolution Petroleum Production
Brown Revolution Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fibre Revolution Jute Production
Golden Revolution Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
Grey Revolution Fertilizer
Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production
Round Revolution Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry Production
Evergreen Revolution Overall development of Agriculture
Soils of India: Six Different Types of Soils Found in India are as follows:
Soil is our prime natural and economic resource. Soils in India differ in composition and structure.
1. Alluvial Soils:
largest and the most important soil group of India
These are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers.
They are rich in humus and very fertile.
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Type of Soil
Alluvial
The soil which swells when wet and develops cracks when dry
Black
Laterite
Alluvial
Black
The kind of soil which is treated with gypsum to make it suitable for cropping Alkaline soil
The soil which is poor in soluble salts
Laterite
Peaty soil
Black
CROPPING PATTERN
Rabi: Rabi crops are also known as winter crops.
Sown October to December and
Harvested April to June.
Main Crop Wheat, barley, pea, gram and mustard.
Note Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhan and Uttar Pradesh are the important
producers of rabi crops.
Kharif: Kharif crops are also known as summer crops.
Sown The beginning of monosoon
Harvested September-October.
Main Crop Paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur, moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean crops.
Note Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar are important rice growing states.
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Farming Type
Farming can be classified into two main types.
1.Subsistence Farming
Intensive Subsistence
Primitive Subsistence
Shifting Cultivation
Nomadic Herding
2.Commercial Farming.
Commercial Frain Farming,
Mixed Farming
Plantation Agriculture.
1. Subsistence Farming
This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmers family.
Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to produce on small output.
Subsistence farming can be further classified as Intensive Subsistence and Primitive Subsistence Farming.
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Point to remember
Crop
Rice
The crop best suited in areas where rain falls only for two months
Pulses
The ideal crop for areas with rainfall above 200 cm and sloping
hills
Tea
Tea
Rice
Second
Food Security
In order to ensure food security to all sections of society, the government has carefully designed a national food security
system. It has two components:
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This transformation from a plant to a finished product involves three types of economic activities. These are
1) Primary Primary activities include all those connected with extraction and production of natural resources or raw
materials from the Earth. Example Agriculture, Fishing and Gathering
2) Secondary Secondary activities involves the transformation of raw materials into goods, Example Manufacturing of
steel, Baking of bread and Weaving of cloth
3) Tertiary Activities Provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services. Example Transport,
trade, banking, insurance and advertising
Land Use Categories Land
Land Use Categories Land-use records are maintained by land revenue department. The land use categories add up to
reporting area, which is somewhat different from the geographical area. The Survey of India is responsible for measuring
geographical area of administrative units in India. Have you ever used a map prepared by Survey of India? The difference
between the two concepts are that while the former changes somewhat depending on the estimates of the land revenue
records, the latter does not change and stays fixed as per Survey of India measurements
The land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records are as follows :
Forests : It is important to note that area under actual forest cover is different from area classified as forest. The latter is the
area which the Government has identified and demarcated for forest growth. The land revenue records are consistent with
the latter definition. Thus, there may be an increase in this category without any increase in the actual forest cover.
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a) 1/2
b) 2/3
c) 1/4
d) 2/5
Q-7 Which Indian state stands first in the production of
coffee?
a) Kerala
b) Karnataka
c) Assam
d) Gujarat
Q-8 In which type of soil does Maize grow well?
a) Black
b) Sandy Soil
c) Old alluvial
d) None of the above
Q-9 Which are the two main beverage crops produce in
India ?
a) Sugar cane and oilseeds
b) Tea and coffee
c) Jowar and bajra
d) Rice and wheat
Q-10 Which country is the largest producer of oil seeds
in the world?
a) China
b) India
c) U.S.A
d) Pakistan
Q-11 Which one of the following crops is known as
Golden Fibre?
a) Wheat
b) Rice
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a) MS Swaminathan
b) VR Krisha Aiyyar
c) V Kurien
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Q-45 Which soil largest and the most important soil
group of India
a) Alluvial Soils
b) Black Soils
c) Red Soils
d) Laterite Soils
Q-46 The zaid season falls in between the rabi and
kharif seasons.
a) Watermelon
b) muskmelon
c) cucumber
d) all of above
Q-47 Which type of farming is practised to meet the
needs of the farmers family.
a) Subsistence farming
b) Mixed Farming
c) Plantation Agriculture
d) none of these.
Q-48 Growing of two or more crops simultaneously on
the same piece of land is called
a) mixed cropping
b) mixed farming
c) intercropping
d) fanning
Q-49. Temperature Require at the time of sowing
wheat
a) 10C to 15C
b) 21C to 26C
c) 22C to 32C
d) 32C to 42C
Q-50 Farm Planning means
a) Farm Budgetting
b) Cropping pattern
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b) Bathua
c) Parthenium
d) Krishna Neel
Q-58. Which crop requires maximum amount of
nitrogen ?
a) Potato
b) Wheat
c) Barley
d) Sugarcane
Q-59. First dwarf variety of paddy developed in India is
a) Jaya
b) Saket-4
c) Govind
d) Narendra-97
Q-60. Sprinkler irrigation is suitable, where the soil
has
a) Clayey texture
b) Loamy texture
c) Undulating topography
d) All of theseQ-61. Endosulphan is also known as
a) Lindane
b) Thiodan
c) Aldrin
d) B.H.C.
Q-62. Which of the following is systemic poison ?
a) Metasystox
b) Phosphomidan
c) Phorate
d) All of these
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a) Hail
b) Dew
c) Snow
d) Fog
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List-II
1. Fertilizer production
2. Fish production
3. Cereal production
4. Milk production
Codes :
a) 4 1 2 3
b) 1 2 3 4
c) 2 4 3 1
d) 1 3 4 2
Q-99. Tharparkar breed of cow is
a) Milch breed
b) Working breed
c) Dual purpose breed
d) None of these
Q-100. Cow and buffalo belong to the family
a) Bovidae
b) Suidae
c) Equidae
d) Cammelidae
Q-101. What is the contribution of Animal Husbandry
Sector in the agricultural growth ?
a) 10%
b) 12% 15%
c) 7% 9%
d) 5%
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c) NO2 ion
d) N2
Q-111. Which one of the following do not relate to
groundnut ?
a) Brazil
b) 2n = 40
c) Pink disease
d) Tikka disease
Q-112. Which of the following is produced highest in
India ?
a) Mango
b) Banana
c) Papaya
d) Grapes
Q-113. The optimum temperature for the Banana crop
is
a) 30C
b) 23C
c) 215C
d) 265C
Q-114. Which one of the following varieties has been
selected to develop Narendra Aonla-6 variety ?
a) Chakaiya
b) Hathijhool
c) Banarasi
d) Narendra Aonla-6
Q-115. The desired varieties of economically useful
crops are raised by
a) Vemalisation
b) Mutation
c) Natural selection
d) Hybridization
Q-116. A farming system in which airable crops are
grown in alleys formed by trees or shrubs, to establish
soil fertility and to enhance soil productivity, is known
as
a) Relay cropping
b) Multiple cropping
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b) Dashaheri x Langra
c) Langra x Dashaheri
d) Dashaheri x Neelam
Q-124. Seed-plot technique is adopted in
a) Onion
b) Potato
c) Sugarcane
d) Tomato
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b) Compost fertilizer
c) Ammonium Chloride
d) Urea
Q-149. Insecticides are specific inhibitors of
a) Excretory system
b) Digestive system
c) Nervous system
d) Blood Circulatory system
Q-150. The credit for the success of Krishi Vigyan
Kendras (KVK) goes to
a) Dr. R. S. Paroda
b) Dr. Chandrika Prasad
c) Dr. Mohan Singh Mehta
d) Dr. Mangla Rai
Q-151. Cauliflower belongs to the family
a) Cruciferae
b) poacae
c) Malvaceae
d) Leguminaceae
Q-152. The trade name of phorate is
a) Temic
b) Thiodan
c) Phortox
d) Metasystox
Q-153. The sprayers are cleaned before use by
a) 1% chlorine water
b) 1% hydrochloric acid
c) 1% ammonia water
d) 1% bromine water
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b) Cereal crop
c) Covered crop
d) None of these
Q-163. Autumn sugarcane is planted in month of
a) February-March
b) July
c) October
d) December
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c) Selection
d) Production of crop
Q-177. Which of the following is an example of kharif
crop?
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Gram
d) Mustard
Q-178. Removal of stamens in an inter-sexual flower
before they dehisce is called
a) Protogyny
b) Protandry
c) Inducing male sterility
d) Emasculation.
Q-179. Selection of homozygous plant is
a) Pure line selection
b) Mass selection
c) Mixed selection
d) Introduction
Q-180. The study of fish culture is called
a) Ophiology
b) Ichthyology
c) Herpetology
d) Pisciculture
Q-181. Murrah is a high-yielding breed of
a) cow
b) hen
c) buffalo
d) sheep
Q-182. Which of the following is called the Father of
White Revolution in India?
a) Hargobind Khorana
b) V. Kurian
c) M.S. Swaminathan
d) P. K. Sethi
Q-183. Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious
disease almost exclusive to cattle, sheep, swine, goats,
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b) II only
c) Both
d) None
Q-210. Consider the following statements about the
pulses. Identify the right ones.
I. Pulses are very important ingredient of vegetarian
food as these are rich sources of proteins.
II. These are legume crops which increase the natural
fertility of soils through nitrogen fixation.
a) I only
b) II only
c) Both
d) None
Q-211. Which of these are oilseeds growing regions of
the country?
I. Maharashtra
II. Telangana
III. Andhra Pradesh
IV. Uttar Pradesh
a) I and III only
b) II and III only
c) I,II and III only
d) All
Q-212. Consider the following statements. Identify the
right ones.
I. Cotton is a tropical crop grown in kharif season in
semi-arid areas of the country.
II. India grows both short staple cotton as well as long
staple cotton.
a) I only
b) II only
c) Both
d) None
Q-213. Consider the following statements about jute
crop. Identify the right ones.
I. Jute is one of the fibre crops grown in India)
II. It is used for making coarse cloth, bags, sacks and
decorative items.
III. It is grown in the states of West Bengal, Assam and
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