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    Layers of The Earth

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    api-308660483
    The Earth is composed of four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - which can be investigated through studying seismic waves. The crust is the thin solid outer layer where life exists, ranging from 5-25 miles thick. Below is the mantle, which makes up 85% of the Earth's mass and reaches 1,800 miles deep, composed of hot solid rock. Within is the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is solid iron and nickel despite temperatures over 9,000°F due to extreme pressure, and is the planet's innermost layer.

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    Layers of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    api-308660483
    435 views3 pages
    The Earth is composed of four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - which can be investigated through studying seismic waves. The crust is the thin solid outer layer where life exists, ranging from 5-25 miles thick. Below is the mantle, which makes up 85% of the Earth's mass and reaches 1,800 miles deep, composed of hot solid rock. Within is the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is solid iron and nickel despite temperatures over 9,000°F due to extreme pressure, and is the planet's innermost layer.

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    layers of the earth

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    The Earth is composed of four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - which can be investigated through studying seismic waves. The crust is the thin solid outer layer where life exists, ranging from 5-25 miles thick. Below is the mantle, which makes up 85% of the Earth's mass and reaches 1,800 miles deep, composed of hot solid rock. Within is the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is solid iron and nickel despite temperatures over 9,000°F due to extreme pressure, and is the planet's innermost layer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    435 views3 pages

    Layers of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    api-308660483
    The Earth is composed of four main layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - which can be investigated through studying seismic waves. The crust is the thin solid outer layer where life exists, ranging from 5-25 miles thick. Below is the mantle, which makes up 85% of the Earth's mass and reaches 1,800 miles deep, composed of hot solid rock. Within is the outer core of liquid iron and nickel that generates the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is solid iron and nickel despite temperatures over 9,000°F due to extreme pressure, and is the planet's innermost layer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Structure of the

    Earth!
    Name: __________________________________

    No:________

    Get ready to dig deep, gang, and join us on a fascinating journey to the center of the Earth!...
    The secrets buried inside our planet are revealed by recording and studying things
    called seismic waves. Caused by things like
    earthquakes, explosions and the movement of
    our oceans, there are two types of seismic
    wave a shear wave, which won't travel
    through liquid; and a pressure wave, which
    moves through both liquid and solids. These
    waves show that the Earth is made from four
    layers: the inner and outer core, the mantle,
    and the crust.
    It may seem like the Earth is made up of one
    big solid rock, but it's really made up of a
    number of parts. Some of them constantly
    moving!
    You can think of the Earth as being
    made up of a number of layers, sort of like an
    onion. These layers get more and more dense
    the closer to the center of the earth you get. See the picture to see the four main layers of the
    earth: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

    Crust
    The crust is the thin outer layer of the Earth where we live. Well, it looks thin on the picture
    and it is thin relative to the other layers, but don't worry, we're not going to fall through by
    accident anytime soon. The crust varies from around 5-5 miles thick (in the ocean floor) to
    around 23-25 miles thick (on land where we live called the continental crust). The continental
    crust is made up granite rock. This is the only layer of earth that can be investigated by drilling
    into it. So we know way more about his layer than any of the others!
    Temperature: Averages 71.6F
    State: Solid
    Composition:
    -Oceanic crust made up of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium and aluminum.
    -Continental crust made up of granite, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

    Mantle
    The next layer of the Earth is called the mantle. The mantle makes up about 85% of the
    Earths weight. The thickest part of the Earth is the mantle. It begins about 25 miles below
    the Earth's surface. It reaches 1,800 miles deep into the Earth. It's made up of very hot
    igneous and metamorphic rock. The rock is hot enough to melt, but is solid because of the
    pressure pushing down on it. The mantle is very hot. The parts near the core reach 4,000 F.
    The parts closest to the Earth's surface reach about 1,600 F
    Temperature: 1,600F- 4,000F
    State: solid
    Composition: iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium and aluminum

    Outer Core
    The Earth's outer core is made up of iron and nickel and is very hot 7,200 to 9,000 degrees
    Fahrenheit (3,982 to 4,982 degrees Celsius) in temperature. This is so hot that the iron and
    nickel metals are liquid! The outer core is very important to earth as it creates something
    called a magnetic field. The magnetic field the outer core creates goes way out in to space
    and makes a protective barrier around the earth that shields us from the sun's damaging solar
    wind.
    The second layer of the core is made of liquid iron and nickel and is about 1,400 miles (2,300
    kilometers) thick.
    Temperature: 7,200F 9,000F
    State: Liquid
    Composition: iron, nickel, Sulphur and oxygen
    Tectonic plates: The tectonic plates are a combination of the crust and the outer mantle,
    also called the lithosphere. These plates move very slowly, around a couple of inches a year.
    Where the plates touch each other is called a fault. When the plates move and the boundaries
    bump up against each other it can cause an earthquake.

    Inner Core
    The Earth's inner core is made up of iron and nickel, just like the outer core; however, the
    inner core is different. The inner core is so deep within the earth that it's under
    immense pressure. So much pressure that, even though it is so hot, it is solid. The inner core is
    the hottest part of the Earth, and is about as hot as the surface of the sun.
    The Earths inner core is a huge metal ball, 2,500km wide. Made mainly of iron, the
    temperature of the ball is between 9,000 and 13,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,000C to 6,000C )
    in temperature. thats up to 6,000 times hotter than our atmosphere and scorching enough

    to make metal melt! The metal at the inner core stays solid because of the incredible pressure
    surrounding it.
    Temperature: 9,000F - 13,000F
    State: Solid
    Composition: iron and nickel

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