FIRE Fighting
FIRE Fighting
FIRE Fighting
REMOVAL
Or
STOPPAGE
classifications of Fires
Class A SOLIDS or Carbonaceous fires
Class B Liquids or LIQUIFIABLE solids
CLASS C Gases
CLASS D Metals
CLASS E Electrical Equipment
Class F Cooking Oil or Fat
STAGES OF FIRE
INCIPIENT STAGE
SMOULDERING STAGE-smoke started
FLAME STAGE-fast reaction
HEAT STAGE-large amount of heat flame smoke and
toxic gases
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Fire Detectors
1.Heat Detectors
2. Smoke Detectors
3. Flame Detectors
4. Fire Gas Detectors
5. Thermocouples
4. Smoke Detectors
Smoke detectors respond
to the presence of
smoke
Photoelectric smoke
detectors
Ionization smoke
detectors
PROPER LOCATION OF
SMOKE DETECTORS
Bedroom
No. 1
Hallway
On Each Level
of House
Bedroom
No. 2
Dining
Living
Room
Room
Basement
VS 19-2
Outside Sleeping
Areas
Dining
Kitchen
BR
BR
Bath
Master Bedroom
VS 19-3
Best in
Center of
Ceiling
Dead Air
Space
Horizontal
Distance
from Peak
No Closer
than
4 inches
(102 mm)
From
Side Wall
Mount on Wall
at least
4 inches
(102 mm)
from ceiling
No more than
12 inches
(305 mm)
from ceiling
Best Location
Acceptable Location
3 Feet
(1m)
Flame Detectors
Flame detectors respond to the
presence of a flame
high-hazard areas- fuel-loading platforms,
industrial process areas, hyperbaric
chambers, high-ceiling areas, and
atmospheres in which explosions or very rapid
fires may occur.
must not be blocked by objects placed in front
of them.
infrared-type detector, however, has some
capability for detecting radiation reflected from
walls.
Fire-Gas Detector
Monitors Carbon Dioxide and Carbon
Monoxide
More Discriminating
Designed for Specific Fires
Combination
Detectors
Auxiliary System
Proprietary System
Used for Large Commercial, Industrial
Buildings, High Rises, and Groups of
Commonly Owned Buildings
Always Staffed
Auxiliary Services
Shutting down or altering airflow in air
vents for smoke control
Closing smoke or fire-rated doors and
dampers
Overriding elevator controls
FIRE DETECTION
The choice of detector head to be fitted in the
alarm circuit will depend on a number of factors:
1. Fire risk
2. Position
3. Area to be monitored
4. Volume of space
5. Height of compartment
6. Atmosphere in space
Different types of detector head are used on
common bases.
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FIRE DETECTION
Smoke detectors must not operate below 2%
obscuration per metre, but must activate before 12.5%
obscuration.
Heat detectors must not operate below 540C but must
operate before 780C.
However, in certain cases the heat detector limits may
be increased by 300C
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FIRE DETECTION
SENSOR OPERATING PERAMETERS
Type
AREA ( MAX)
DISTANCE
APART
Distance
From
Bulkhead
HEAT
37m2
9m
4.5m
SMOKE
74m2
11m
5.5m
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FIRE DETECTION
Smoke and heat
detectors must
also be sited to
avoid
stratification: that
is the detector
must not be
blanketed by
layers of hot air.
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FIRE DETECTION
In this case, the
increasing
convection air
currents have
created a flow
of combustion
products across
the detectors.
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FIRE DETECTION
As shown,
detector heads
must be
positioned to
allow easy
passage of
combustion
products in all
fire scenarios
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FIRE DETECTION
FIRE DETECTION
FIRE DETECTION
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FRESHWATER
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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SPRINKLER HEADS
The different colours denote different
operating temperatures, but the alcohol is the
same, only the size of the air bubble changes.
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Fuel Classifications
Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
solids that are not metals.
Class B: Flammable liquidsgasoline, oil,
grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.
Class C: Electricalenergized electrical
equipment. As long as its plugged in.
Class D: Metalspotassium, sodium, aluminum,
magnesium. Requires special extinguishing
agents.
Oklahoma State
University
Fuel Classifications
Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label
telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is
designed to fight.
For example, a simple water extinguisher might have
a label like this
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
APWs extinguish
fire by taking
away the heat
element of the
Fire Triangle.
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University
Oklahoma State
University