Welding arc deflects away from the point of welding under some circumstances. Such arc deflections forward or backward is called Arc Blow.
Causes for Arc Blow
Unbalanced condition in magnetic Field.
Residual magnetism in the material (job).
Circumstances causing Arc Blow
ARC BLOW Occurs in: DC welding. Magnetic materials [ due residual magnetism]. Caused by interaction between directional magnetic field of welding arc and directional field of the residual magnetism. Magnetic field strength is greater than 50 Gauss causes arc blow [Thumb Rule].
The concentric flux fields will remain circular when they can stay in one medium large enough to contain them until they diminish to essentially nothing. if the medium changes, the circular lines of force are distorted and tend to concentrate in the steel where they encounter less resistance. Causes deformation in the circular lines of flux. This squeezing can result in a heavy concentration of flux behind or ahead of a welding arc. The arc then tends to move in the direction that would relieve the squeezing and restore the magnetic field balance.
Magnetic field around the electrode
Change in Magnetic Field
Methods to avoid arc blow
Use as short an arc length as possible (lower arc voltage) and the lowest current that is practical for the affected joint (possibly a smaller diameter electrode). Weld towards the return or earth connections. Use of multiple earth connections may solve the problem altogether.