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A2 Listening Techniques Melodic Devices: TH TH

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A2 Listening Techniques

Melodic Devices
Accented passing notes
Chromatic appoggiatura
Augmentation
Diminution
Portamento
Harmonic Devices

Cycle of fifths
Suspension
Sequence

Textural Devices

Octaves

Students often confuse unison and octaves. Some use the term unison
octaves which is a contradiction in terms. Make sure you know and can hear
the difference.
Cadences

No additional cadences, but be prepared for a tierce de Picardie.


Cadences can now occur in related keys. You now need to have the new
tonic of the related key in mind. Take extra care and do practice
recognising the difference between a perfect cadence in the dominant key
and an imperfect cadence in the home key. Remember, a perfect cadence
has movement from the leading note to the tonic in the last two chords,
and an imperfect cadence does not.

Modulations

To the dominant minor


The tonic minor
The major of the relative minor

Tonality

Modality
Bitonality
Atonality
Twelve note
Whole tone

Chords
Diminished 7th
Augmented 6th
Secondary 7ths
Dominant 7ths in 3rd inversion

Strengthening your listening test technique


Melodic intervals
A 4th, 5th and octave should be recognised quickly, rather than being
worked out by counting the notes in between. You can only do this by
constant practice of singing them both out loud and in your head.
Modulations

A modulation to the dominant has a definite feeling of wanting to return to


the tonic immediately. The subdominant has a much more settled feeling
when it arrives.

Pedal Notes

The two types are very different; the tonic pedal, when in the bass part,
gives a strong feeling of being rooted to the spot; the dominant pedal
gives a feeling of anticipation making you look forward to arriving
eventually in the tonic.

Appoggiaturas

These are sometimes described as leaning notes or musical sighs,


especially if they are in their most common form of moving downwards.

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