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    Prologue

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    khrid3
    This document provides an introduction to electromagnetism. It states that electromagnetism is a fundamental theory in physics that describes many physical phenomena and is used in various sciences and technologies. While physics uses mathematics to formulate theories, experiments are needed to validate theories and predictions. Electromagnetism itself relies on advanced mathematics but has been consistently validated by experiments on both macro and microscopic scales. The scientific study of electricity and magnetism began in the 13th century but grew substantially in the 18th and 19th centuries as scientists like Franklin, Coulomb, Ampère, and Faraday formulated the laws of electromagnetism through experiments and mathematical analysis.

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    Prologue

    Uploaded by

    khrid3
    18 views1 page
    This document provides an introduction to electromagnetism. It states that electromagnetism is a fundamental theory in physics that describes many physical phenomena and is used in various sciences and technologies. While physics uses mathematics to formulate theories, experiments are needed to validate theories and predictions. Electromagnetism itself relies on advanced mathematics but has been consistently validated by experiments on both macro and microscopic scales. The scientific study of electricity and magnetism began in the 13th century but grew substantially in the 18th and 19th centuries as scientists like Franklin, Coulomb, Ampère, and Faraday formulated the laws of electromagnetism through experiments and mathematical analysis.

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    This document provides an introduction to electromagnetism. It states that electromagnetism is a fundamental theory in physics that describes many physical phenomena and is used in various sciences and technologies. While physics uses mathematics to formulate theories, experiments are needed to validate theories and predictions. Electromagnetism itself relies on advanced mathematics but has been consistently validated by experiments on both macro and microscopic scales. The scientific study of electricity and magnetism began in the 13th century but grew substantially in the 18th and 19th centuries as scientists like Franklin, Coulomb, Ampère, and Faraday formulated the laws of electromagnetism through experiments and mathematical analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views1 page

    Prologue

    Uploaded by

    khrid3
    This document provides an introduction to electromagnetism. It states that electromagnetism is a fundamental theory in physics that describes many physical phenomena and is used in various sciences and technologies. While physics uses mathematics to formulate theories, experiments are needed to validate theories and predictions. Electromagnetism itself relies on advanced mathematics but has been consistently validated by experiments on both macro and microscopic scales. The scientific study of electricity and magnetism began in the 13th century but grew substantially in the 18th and 19th centuries as scientists like Franklin, Coulomb, Ampère, and Faraday formulated the laws of electromagnetism through experiments and mathematical analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Chapter 1

    Prologue

    Most physical phenomena are fundamentally electromagnetic. This makes


    electromagnetism a basic theory in many branches of physics (solid state physics,
    electronics, atomic and molecular physics, relativity, atmospheric physics, etc.) also
    in some other sciences and most technologies.
    Although physics is an experimental science, it uses mathematical language to
    formulate its theories and its laws and analyze their consequences.
    Electromagnetism is a typical theory that is impossible to formulate without
    extensive use of vector analysis, differential equations, complex analysis, etc. The
    use of mathematics can even lead to the prediction of new physical laws and new
    phenomena (the discovery of the electromagnetic waves by Maxwell is a typical
    example). However, only experiments can decide whether a particular solution or
    prediction and even the whole theory is acceptable. Until now, no experiment has
    contradicted electromagnetic theory, both on the macroscopic scale and the
    microscopic scale (nuclear, atomic or molecular).
    Although permanent magnets and electrification by rubbing were known in
    antiquity, scientific observations of magnetism began around 1270 with the French
    army engineer Pierre de Marincourt. The observation of electric effects began much
    later with the French botanist C. Dufay around 1734. Contrary to the gravitational
    interaction between masses, the large majority of objects around us are globally
    neutral and, if they become charged, they discharge rapidly in the surrounding air.
    The scientific study of electricity started with Franklin (1706-1790), Priestley (17331804), Cavendish (1731-1810), Coulomb (1736-1806), Laplace (1749-1827),
    Ampre (1775-1836), Gauss (1777-1855), and Poisson (1781-1840) who formulated the
    laws of electricity and magnetism. Faraday (1791-1867) introduced the notions of

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