New Fict
New Fict
New Fict
fzpdpg; guPl;ir
fzpdpfs; - XH mwpKfk;
fzpdp vd;gJ ,d;W kdpj tho;f;ifapy; xU Kf;fpa mk;rkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. njhopy; Jiw>
murhl;rp> fy;tp> kUj;Jtk;> Muha;r;rp> rl;lk;> r%f Nrit> ,ir> Xtpak;> jpiug;gl;k; Nghd;w
gy JiwfspYk; xU ngUk; khw;wj;jpid Vw;g;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. fzpdp vq;F gad;gLj;jyhk;
vd;gJ ek; fw;gidahy; kl;LNk fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Nghd;w
Page 1
fzpdpapd; gz;Gfs;
Speed Ntfk;
fzpdpahdJ kpfTk; Ntfkhf Ntiyfisr; nra;aty;yJ. cjhuzkhf xU tUlk;
G+uhftpUe;J kdpjHfshy; nra;ag;gLk; xU fUkj;ij fzpdpfs; ntWk; XupU epkplj;jpDs;
nra;J Kbf;Fk; Mw;wy; nfhz;lJ.
Accuracy Jy;ypaj;jd;ik
fzpdpfspd; Jy;ypaj;jd;ik kpfTk; caHe;jjhFk;. rpy Ntisfspy; fzpdpapy; gpiofs;
,lk; ngw;wNghJk;> ,it kdpjHfspd; jtWjyhNyNa nghJthf Vw;g;ggLfpwJ.
Diligence RWRWg;G
fzpdpfs;> kdpjHfisg; Nghyy;yhJ> ve;j jtWfisAk; Vw;g;gLj;jhkYk;>
epw;f;fhkYk; epiwa ehl;f;fSf;Ff; $l njhlH;r;rpahf Ntiy nra;aty;yJ.
Versatility tpNtfk;
Njitahd
fhupaq;fis
nrayhw;wf;$baJ.
fzpdpahdJ
jHf;fuPjpahd
gbKiwfSf;F
,ilapy;
RUf;fpr;
Page 2
(Pascaline)
Page 3
,tH fzpj ciuapy; md;whlg; gof;fj;jpy; gpio fz;L kpfTk; tUj;jk; nfhz;lhH.
,g;gpioia rup nra;a xU rhjdj;ij cUthf;f vz;zpdhH. 1822 Mk; Mz;L rhHy];
ghNg[; Difference Engine vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;w ,ae;jpij;jpid cUthf;fpdhH.
Mq;fpNyaH murhq;fj;jpd; epjp cjtpapdhy; ghNg[; ngupa gpupT nfhz;l E}w;Wf;F Nkyhd
rf;fuq;fs; ,aq;Fk; gy; rf;fuk; (Gear) fz;Lgpbf;fj; jpl;lkpl;lhH. ,tH njhopw;r;rhiy epWtp
ngUk; gzk; nrytpl;L gy CopaHfis Ntiyf;F mkHjjpdhH. Mdhy; ,k;Kaw;r;rpapy;
Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpdhH. mtH vjpHghHj;jJ Nghy; ,ae;jpuk; Jy;ypakhf nraw;gltpy;iy.
mtUf;F fpilj;j Gjpa Nahridapy; ,ae;jpu tbtj;ij khw;wpdhH. njhopyhoHfs; mtiu
tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpdhYk;> murhq;fk; epjp mspf;f kWj;jjhYk; 1833y; NtWgj;Jk; ,ae;jpuk;
(Difference Engine) jahupg;G epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,tuJ ,e;jj; njhopEl;g;gkhdJ
,diwa fzpg;nghwpf;fhd xU %ykhff; fUjg;gLtjdhy; ,tH fzpg;nghwpapd; je;ijahff;
fUjg;gLfpd;whH. ,tUila %is ,d;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s `d;Nlupad; fhl;rpafj;jpy;
(Hunterian Museum) ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
fp.gp. 1890 N`hy;upj; NlGNybq; kp~pd; (Hollerith Tabulating Machine)
End Show
Herman Hollerith
113
Page 4
Page 5
HYBRID COMPUTER
Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk; ,ay;gpid cs;slf;fpa fzpdpNa
Hybrid Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Page 6
fzpdpapd; cl;nrad;Kiw
cl;gLj;jg;gl;L
jftyhf
(Information)
ntspaPl;Lj;
njhFjpapD}lhf
ngwg;gLfpwJ.
juTfs;
juTfs; vd;gJ mHj;jkw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w tplaq;fNs juTfshFk;. mit vz;fdhfNth>
ntg;gepiy> xyp> xsp> mOj;jk;> cauk; Kjyhd mstPLfshfNth> nrhw;f;fshfNth my;yJ
gpw gaDila Fwpg;Gf;fshfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
jfty;fs;
juTfs; nrad;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtjd;
mikf;fg;gl;l juTfis jfty;fs; vdyhk;.
vdNt
mHj;jkw;w
jutfs;
ngwg;gLfpd;wd vdyhk;.
%yk;
nrad;Kiwf;F
fUj;Js;sthW
cl;gLj;jg;gLtjd;
xOq;F
nra;ag;gl;L
%yk;
jfty;fs;
nrad;Kiw
juTfis mHj;jKs;sjhf khw;Wk; nraw;g;ghL nra;Kiw vdg;gLk;. ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;>
gjpTnra;jy;> xOq;fikj;jy;> kPsg;ngwy; vd;gd nrad;Kiwfshf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;G (BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)
Total Computer System
Hardware
Input Devices
Output Devices
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Storage Devices
Internal Storage
Devices
Software
Application
Software System Software/
Operating System
Ex :-DOS
Windows 95
Packages
Windows 98
Killer
External Storage
Ex :- Microsoft Office
Windows NT
Ubundu
Coral Draw
Windows 2000
Devices
Linux
Adobe Photoshop
Windows XP
Unix
AutoCAD.etc
Windows Vista
MAC
Languages
Widows 7
Ex :- Pascal
Widows 8
VB.net
Windows Server 2003
Java
Windows Server 2008
C++ etc
Windows Server 2012
Page 7
Hardware (td;nghUs;)
fzpdpapid
cUthf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk;>
Software
,dhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtJkhd
rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Light Pen
Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Tape
Modem
Digital Camera
nra;ag;gl;;l
ngWNgWfisg;
ghtidahsUf;F
toq;fg;
gad;gLk;
rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
Printer
Monitor
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disk
Speaker
Plotter
Modem
Page 8
epidtfj;jpy;
Nrkpf;fg;
gl;Ls;s
juTfs;
nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk;
tpisTfis
ntspaPl;Lj;
njhFjpapw;F
mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; njhFjp (Control Unit)
,J fzpdpapy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;. ,J fzpdpapd; Vida ghfq;
fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizj;jy; Nghd;w nrw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs; fpd;wJ.
fisf;
tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
1.
2.
Page 9
ROM
,e;epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Js;stw;iw thrpf;fkl;LNk KbAk;. ,jpYs;stw;iw
mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
RAM
thrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F fzpdpahdJ off
MFk;NghJ ,e;j epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Jitj;jpUe;jit ahTk; mope;JtpLk;.
Software (nkd;nghUs;)
fzpdpapdhy;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w
mwpTWj;jy;fspd;
gl;bay;
software
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. software gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
vd
mitahtd :
1) Firm ware
2) System software
3) Application software
FIRMWARE
cw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y; epue;jukhfg; gjpag;gLk; xU
njhFjp mwpTWj;jy;fs; Firmware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj
fzpdpapd; Vida Software fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
cjhuzk; :
1. Memory Testing
2. fzpdpia on nra;jTld; eilngWk; Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
fzpdpapd; Hardware gFjpapidg; gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w rfy epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System
Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
fzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyfisr; nra;Ak;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Application Software vd
miof;fg;gL fpd;wd. ,it System Software ,id mbg;gilahf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
nraw;gLfpd;wd. Application Software MdJ gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Page 10
,izak;
vd;gJ
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
fzpdpg;gpizaq;fspd;
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l>
Google Crome
Mozila Firefox
Internet explorer
Netcape Navigator
Opera
Chromium Browser
Safari
Maxthon
Kftupapd;
,Wjpg;ghfj;jpy;
fhz;gjw;F
cyhtpapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;w
ePq;fs;
Domain
cs;spLk;
%yk;
mj;jsk;
,iza
gw;wpa
fy;tprhH ,izaj;jsq;fs;
.org -
- ,yq;ifapd; ,izaj;jsq;fs;
Page 11
ilg;
1. www.google.com
2. www.msn.com
3. www.yahoo.com
4. www.ask.com
5. www.youtube.com Video
6. www.bing.com
7. www.duckduckgo.com
E-mail (kpd; mQ;ry;)
kpd;dQ;rypidg; ghtpj;J ,izaj;jpD}lhf cyfpd; ve;jnthU ghfj;jpypUe;Jk; ,d;DnkhU
ghfj;jpw;F kpff; Fwfpa fhyj;jpy; VjhtnjhU tplaj;ij (glq;fs;> tPbNah> ,ir)
gupkhw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,izaj;jpy; kpd;dQ;ry; Nritapid ,ytrkhf ngw;Wj; jUk;
,izaj;jsq;fs; gy cs;sd.
1. www.gmail.com
2. www.outlook.com
3. www.yahoomail.com
4. www.mail.com
5. www.aol.com
kpd;dQ;rypid cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mDg;Gjy;> ngWjy; nrad;Kiwfis Muha;f?
Page 12
E Government Projects
01. Government Web Portal (www.gov.lk) ,y; Web Portal vd;gJ ICTA ,d; xU
nraw;wpl;lkhFk; (Project). ,jDs; Link MFk; NghJ ,yq;if murpd; midj;J
epWtdq;fSf;Fkhd ntg;jsq;fSf;Fk; CLUt KbAk;.
02. ,jDs; Link MFk; NghJ ,yq;if murpapd; midj;J epWq;fSf;Fkhd website
,Ds; CLUt KbAk;.
03. mjhtJ Vida Ministry / Departments ,d; website ,Ds; ,yFtpy; CLUtyhk;.
(,izg;gpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;)
04. ,JNt ,yq;if muRf;F nrhe;jkhd ghupa ,izg;igAila web Portal MFk;.
05. ,J Kk;nkhopfspYk; cz;L.
www.document.lk
01.
02.
03.
04.
www.pubad.gov.lk
01.
02.
03.
04.
www.doenets.lk
01.
02.
Page 13
cWjpg;gLj;jy;>
tpidj;jpwd;fhz;jil
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;nghUs; - e-HRM
ngWNgWfis
(EB)
ntsptplTk;
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
e-NIC
e-Pension
Nenasara
Nenasala
e-education
fzf;fPl;L nkd;nghUl;fs;
,g; Payroll ,dhy; nra;ag;gLk; fzf;fpay; juTfs; Automatic Mf CIGAS ,y; Link /
Share Mff;$baJ.
fzpdpg;
ghJfhg;G
njhopy;
El;gj;jpy;
gadupd;
mDkjpapd;wp
jhdhfNt
efnyLf;Fk;
ngUk;ghyhd
fzpdpfs;
,izaj;JlDk;
mff;fzpdp
mff; fzpdp
gpsh]; b];f;)
tiyaikg;GlDk;
kpd;dQ;ry;
(e-mail)
kw;Wk;
Nfhg;Gf;fisg;
gfpUk;
tiyaikg;Gf;fspD}lhfTk;
guTfpd;wd.
Page 14
mjpfkhd
,lq;fis
epidtfj;jpy;
Mf;fpukpg;G
nra;J
mjd;
%yk;
fzpdpapd;
AVG
Norton
Avast
Eset Nod 32
Avaira
Kespersky
McAfee
Symantac
Panda
Bitdefender
,J
xU
Graphical
Interface
(tiufiy
epWtdj;jpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;L>
tpw;gid
ikf;nuhnrhg;l; epWtdk; tpzNlh]; vDk;
,ilKfk;)
,id
cila
ikf;unrhg;l;
nra;ag;gLfpd;w
nkd;nghUshFk;.
,jd;gb
,aq;Fjsj;jpid cUthf;fpaJ. KjyhtJ
Page 15
Nfhit (File)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Page 16