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    Switched Mode Power Conversion: Prior Art

    Uploaded by

    msrai
    The document discusses prior art methods for DC-DC power conversion using series and shunt controlled converters. These early converters used variable resistors to regulate output voltage and current, resulting in poor efficiency, especially at large conversion ratios. The key idea of switched mode power conversion is described as replacing the lossy resistors with fast electronic switches to achieve near lossless power conversion through intermittent energy storage and transfer.

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    Switched Mode Power Conversion: Prior Art

    Uploaded by

    msrai
    21 views71 pages
    The document discusses prior art methods for DC-DC power conversion using series and shunt controlled converters. These early converters used variable resistors to regulate output voltage and current, resulting in poor efficiency, especially at large conversion ratios. The key idea of switched mode power conversion is described as replacing the lossy resistors with fast electronic switches to achieve near lossless power conversion through intermittent energy storage and transfer.

    Original Description:

    SMPC notes-4

    Original Title

    Lecture 04

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses prior art methods for DC-DC power conversion using series and shunt controlled converters. These early converters used variable resistors to regulate output voltage and current, resulting in poor efficiency, especially at large conversion ratios. The key idea of switched mode power conversion is described as replacing the lossy resistors with fast electronic switches to achieve near lossless power conversion through intermittent energy storage and transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views71 pages

    Switched Mode Power Conversion: Prior Art

    Uploaded by

    msrai
    The document discusses prior art methods for DC-DC power conversion using series and shunt controlled converters. These early converters used variable resistors to regulate output voltage and current, resulting in poor efficiency, especially at large conversion ratios. The key idea of switched mode power conversion is described as replacing the lossy resistors with fast electronic switches to achieve near lossless power conversion through intermittent energy storage and transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 71

    Switched Mode Power Conversion

    Prior Art

    How was Power Conversion Done


    before the Introduction of Electronic Switches?

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    A DC Voltage Source of VIN is Available

    VIN

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    A Resistive Load Requires a Voltage of VO

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    How to Deliver VO to the Load from
    A Source Voltage of VIN?
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Conceptual Solution

    VIN

    VO
    R

    Drop the Excess Voltage in a Series Element

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    A DC Current Source of IIN is Available
    IIN

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    A Resistive Load Requires a Current of IO

    IO

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    How to Deliver IO to the Load from
    A Source Current of IIN?
    IIN

    IO

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Conceptual Solution

    IIN
    IIN-IO

    IO

    Divert the Excess Current in a Shunt Element

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Conceptual Solution

    VIN

    VO
    R

    Drop the Excess Voltage in a Series Element

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Circuit Model

    VIN

    RS

    IO

    VO
    R

    Drop the Excess Voltage in a Series Resistor

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    Selection of RS
    VIN
    RS = R
    1
    VO

    R
    VO = VIN
    R + RS

    VIN

    RS

    IO

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    Efficiency of Power Conversion
    PO VO IO VO
    =
    =
    =
    PIN VIN IO VIN

    VIN

    RS

    IO

    VO
    R

    At Low Ratio of Conversion is very Poor

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Conceptual Solution

    IIN
    IIN-IO

    IO

    Divert the Excess Current in a Shunt Element

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Circuit Model

    IIN
    RSH

    IO

    Divert the Excess Current in a Shunt Resistance

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    Selection of RSH
    R SH
    IO = I IN
    R + R SH

    R
    R SH =
    ( ( IIN / IO ) 1)

    IIN
    RSH

    IO

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    Efficiency of Power Conversion
    PO VO IO IO
    =
    =
    =
    PIN VIN I IN I IN

    IIN
    RSH

    IO

    At Low Ratio of Conversion is very Poor

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art

    General Linear Power Converter

    Source

    RS
    VIN

    IO
    RSH

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art

    Shunt Controlled Converter

    Source

    RS
    VIN

    IO
    RSH

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art

    Series Controlled Converter

    Source

    RS
    VIN

    IO

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Sample Design
    Zener Regulator

    VIN

    RS

    IZ

    IO

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Sample Design
    Zener Regulator

    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Sample Design
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Load Line
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Load Line

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Output Voltage
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    R

    VO
    I
    IO

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Load Variation
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    R1

    R2

    R3

    VO
    I
    IO

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    No Load & Full Load Lines
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    No Load

    Full Load

    VO
    I
    IO

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Source Line
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    VIN
    RS

    VO
    IZ

    No Load

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Minimum Zener Current
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    VIN

    Full Load

    VO
    IZ

    IO
    IIN

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Zener Current Variation
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    VIN
    RS

    VO
    IZ
    No Load

    Full Load

    No Load Full Load

    IO
    I

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Typical Operating Point
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    VIN
    VO

    Part Load

    RS

    IZ
    IIN

    IO
    I

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Output Power
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO

    RS

    IZ
    IIN

    IO
    I

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Input Power
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO

    RS

    IZ
    IIN

    IO
    I

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Efficiency
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO

    RS

    IZ
    IIN

    IO
    I

    Shunt Controlled Converter


    Design Sequence
    Zener Regulator
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    V
    VIN

    IZ(min), VIN(min)
    2
    No Load Full Load

    RS

    VO
    4
    IZ(max)

    IZ

    IO
    IZ(min)

    1
    IO, VO

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Prior Art
    DC-DC Converters
    Series Controlled Converter

    VIN

    RS

    IO

    VO
    R

    Prior art
    Circuit Diagram
    Series Controlled Converter

    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Prior Art
    Load Line
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    Load Line

    Prior Art
    Source Line
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    V
    Source Line

    Prior Art
    Output Voltage
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    Source Line

    V
    VO
    Load Line

    Prior Art
    Control Strategy
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN

    RS1 RS2 RS3

    V
    VO

    R1 R2 R3

    Prior Art
    Output Power
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    V
    VO

    IO

    Prior Art
    Input Power
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    V
    VO

    IO

    Prior Art
    Efficiency
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO
    =
    VIN

    V
    VO

    IO

    Prior Art
    Losses
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO
    =
    VIN

    V
    VO

    IO

    Prior Art
    Losses
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO
    VO
    =
    VIN

    IO

    Prior Art
    Losses
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    VO
    =
    VIN

    VO
    IO

    Prior Art
    Two Low-Loss Conditions
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    V

    RS = 0

    RS =

    Prior Art
    Central Idea of Switch Mode Power Conversion
    Series Controlled Converter
    RS
    VIN

    VO
    R

    VIN
    V

    S
    VIN

    RS = 0

    VO
    R

    RS =

    Prior Art
    Another Version
    Series Controlled Converter
    VO
    VIN

    IB

    VIN
    V IB1 IB3 IB4
    VO

    IB2
    IO

    Prior Art
    Closed Loop Control
    Series Controlled Converter
    VO
    VIN

    IB

    VIN

    g
    JB

    V*O

    V IB1 IB3 IB4


    VO

    IB2
    IO

    Prior Art
    Output Voltage
    Series Controlled Converter
    VO
    VIN

    IB

    VIN

    g
    JB

    V*O

    ( g(VO* VO ) J B ) R = VO
    VO = VO*

    V IB1 IB3 IB4


    VO

    IB2

    g R
    R
    + JB
    1 + g R
    1 + g R

    VO VO* for g >>> 1

    IO

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Zener Regulated Power Converter
    A Sample Exercise

    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IZ

    IO

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    A Sample Exercise

    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IZ

    IO

    VO = 10 V ; PO = 10 W ;
    R = 10 to 100 ;
    VIN = 15 V to 18 V ;
    VZ = 10 V, 7 , 1 W Zener ;
    = 20 ;
    RB = ? ; = ? ;
    VO = ? ;

    VO
    R

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Load Current
    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    V
    Load Current
    10 V

    I
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Base Current
    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IO V
    O
    IB

    IZ

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Base Current
    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    Load Current
    10 V

    IB

    I
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Selection of RS
    VIN

    IIN

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    RS = 5/0.06 = 83

    V
    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min) 10 mA

    50 mA
    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Spread of Zener Current

    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    RS = 5/0.06 = 83

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Output Power
    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    RS = 5/0.06 = 83

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Input Power
    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    RS = 5/0.06 = 83

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Efficiency
    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    VO

    IO

    RS = 5/0.06 = 83

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IZ

    IB

    10 *1.0
    = 61%
    15*1.1

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Load Regulation
    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    V
    VO = I Z R Z =

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    0.9
    *7 = 0.3V
    21

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Line Regulation
    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    V
    VO = I Z R Z =

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    3.0
    *7 = 0.25V
    83

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Line & Load Regulation

    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    0.9 3.0
    VO = I Z R Z =
    +
    *7 = 0.55V
    21 83
    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Shunt Controlled Power Converter


    Output Voltage Band

    VIN

    IIN

    VIN(max
    )
    18 V

    RB

    IZ

    VO

    IO

    15 V
    10 V
    VIN(min)

    IB

    Load Current

    IZ(max) IZ(min)
    0.1 A

    1A

    Prior Art
    Summary
    Series & Shunt Controlled Converters
    General Linear Power Converter

    Source

    RS
    VIN

    IO
    RSH

    VO
    R

    Prior Art
    Summary
    Series & Shunt Controlled Converters
    Simple in Design
    Poor Efficiency

    Source

    RS
    VIN

    IO
    RSH

    Loss is Low if RS and RSH are


    Replaced with Switches

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Central Idea of Loss-less Power Conversion
    Switching Converter

    Source

    VIN

    VP

    IO

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    Central Idea of Loss-less Power Conversion
    Switching Converter

    Source

    IIN

    IO

    VO
    R

    Switched Mode Power Conversion


    What Next?

    Devices for Efficient Power Conversion


    Switches
    Inductors
    Transformers
    Capacitors

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