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    500kv Grid Station Control Room

    Uploaded by

    Syed Muhammad Munavvar Hussain
    This document provides an overview of the components and functions of a 500 KV grid station control room. It includes: [1] Protection relays that detect faults and direct circuit breakers to isolate issues; [2] An auto transformer bank panel for stepping voltages up or down; and [3] Other panels and components like bus bars, shunt reactors, rectifiers, fire extinguishers, and more. It describes the purpose and basic operation of these various electrical grid components that make up the control systems of a high-voltage substation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    500kv Grid Station Control Room

    Uploaded by

    Syed Muhammad Munavvar Hussain
    5K views53 pages
    This document provides an overview of the components and functions of a 500 KV grid station control room. It includes: [1] Protection relays that detect faults and direct circuit breakers to isolate issues; [2] An auto transformer bank panel for stepping voltages up or down; and [3] Other panels and components like bus bars, shunt reactors, rectifiers, fire extinguishers, and more. It describes the purpose and basic operation of these various electrical grid components that make up the control systems of a high-voltage substation.

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    This document provides an overview of the components and functions of a 500 KV grid station control room. It includes: [1] Protection relays that detect faults and direct circuit breakers to isolate issues; [2] An auto transformer bank panel for stepping voltages up or down; and [3] Other panels and components like bus bars, shunt reactors, rectifiers, fire extinguishers, and more. It describes the purpose and basic operation of these various electrical grid components that make up the control systems of a high-voltage substation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    5K views53 pages

    500kv Grid Station Control Room

    Uploaded by

    Syed Muhammad Munavvar Hussain
    This document provides an overview of the components and functions of a 500 KV grid station control room. It includes: [1] Protection relays that detect faults and direct circuit breakers to isolate issues; [2] An auto transformer bank panel for stepping voltages up or down; and [3] Other panels and components like bus bars, shunt reactors, rectifiers, fire extinguishers, and more. It describes the purpose and basic operation of these various electrical grid components that make up the control systems of a high-voltage substation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    500 KV GRID

    STATION
    CONTROL ROOM
    Components of the Control
    Room
     Protection Relays
     Auto Transformer Bank (ATB) Panel
     Bus Bar Panel
     Shunt Reactor Panel
     Rectifier’s
     Fire Extinguisher
     Battery Room
    Components of the Control
    Room
     Isolator control panel
     Circuit breaker control panel
     Tape changer control panel
     Bergular alarms
     Lay out drawings
    Protection Relays
    Relay
    ►A relay is a device that “detects” the
    fault and “directs” the circuit breaker
    to isolate the faulty part/equipment
    from the system.
    ► Relay Panel
    Function of Relay
    A relay performs three functions.
    ► Sensing.
    ► Comparing.
    ► Tripping.
    Sensing
    ► Itsenses the “fault”. This is done by
    the relay to “respond” to the change if
    any, in the currents passing through it.
    Comparing
    ► It compares the current through it with
    the designed value of current. It
    responds only if the current through it
    is different from its designed current
    rating.
    Tripping
    ► If the current through it is different
    from its designed current rating, it
    sends information to the circuit
    breaker for tripping.
    Qualities of a Good Relay
    In order to perform its function successfully,
    a relay should have the following qualities.
    ► Selectivity.
    ► Speed.
    ► Sensitivity
    ► Reliability
    ► Simplicity.
    ► Economical.
    Relays Application
    ► Ground fault
    ► Phase fault
    ► Bus protection
    ► Transformer protection
    ► Generator & motor protection
    ► Auxiliary
    Bucholz Relay
    ► Gas operated relay
    ► Used only in oil
    immersed
    transformer
    ► Use to protect the
    internal faults of T/F
    Advantages of Bucholz
    relay
     It is the simplest form of protection that can
    protect a transformer from all faults.
     It gives advance warning for any future
    fault.

    Disadvantages of Bucholz relay


     This device can be used only in oil-
    cooled transformer.
     This can detect fault only on the
    falling of oil level.
    Auto Transformer Bank Panel
    Auto Transformer
    Auto Transformer
    ► This
    is a transformer with only one
    winding instead of primary and
    secondary windings found on a simple
    power transformer
    ► A/Tis the most important part of the
    grid station. It is used to step-up or
    step-down the voltage or power.
    Advantages of A/T
    ► Single winding is required instead of
    double
    ► It is less expensive than simple
    Transformer of the same rating
    ► ATB Panel
    The panel consists of

    ► Tap Changer
    ► Phases Voltage Level
    ► Oil Temperature
    Tap Changer
    ► Itis used to low or high the secondary
    voltage of A/T. It has different pins
    usually 27 pins. The voltage depends
    on the pin at which tap changer is set.
    ► In normal condition tap is set at
    between 10 to 14 .
    Phases Voltage Level
    ► There are three phases indicated by
    Red, Yellow and Blue cables.
    ► Each phase has it’s own current,
    voltage and temperature.
    Oil Temperature
    ► We can monitor the temperature of
    oil.
    ► Fans are used to cool down the oil in
    order to decrease
    the temperature.
    Rectifier’s & Battery Room
    ► Relays operate on D.C
    ► We need rechargeable batteries for the
    D.C
    ► To recharge batteries we need to convert
    A.C to D.C so we use Rectifier to do so
    ► All batteries are connected in parallel &
    each is of 2 V.
    BATTERY ROOM
    Shunt Reactor Panel
    ► Shunt Reactor
    Shunt Reactor

    ► In the transmission line where distance


    is very large the voltage can not
    remains constant in the entire line.
    This is called Front Effect.
    ► Shunt Reactor is used to maintain
    voltage level constant in the line
    Shunt Reactor

    ► Itis usually plugged between two


    phases or between phase or neutral
    ► Long Transmission line which have
    less load, we need to compensate or
    absorb the reactive power due to line
    capacitance’s leading current
    Fire Extinguisher
    Fire Extinguisher
    ► It is an important part of grid station
    control room.
    ► It is used in accidental case of fire in
    control room
    Circuit breaker
    Circuit Breaker
    It is piece of equipment which can

     Make or break a circuit either


    manually or by remote control under
    normal conditions
     Break a circuit automatically under
    faulty conditions
    Isolator
    Isolator
    ► Isolator is a mechanical switch that is
    used to isolate transmission or other
    equipment in No-Load condition from
    energy sources
    ► Isolator is always placed before Circuit
    Breaker as Extra Protection
    ► It does not used to break the load
    current.
    ► Because there is no system to
    eliminate arc.
    ► It is basically used a no load switch
    Opening
    of
    isolators
    Difference b/w circuit breaker
    and Isolater
    ► Isolator operates on no load condition
    because if we use isolator on loaded
    condition then arc will produce.
    ► We operate circuit breaker before
    isolator.
    Bus Bar Panel
     Bus
    Bar
    Panel
    What is bus bar

     Bus bar is a constant voltage


    supplier conductor.”
     Bus bars are the nerve-centers of the power
    system where various circuits are
    connected together.
     These are the nodes of the electrical circuit.
     Under the normal power flow condition the
    sum of incoming currents is equal to the
    sum of outgoing currents.
    ► This is the simplest system, adopted to
    connect a number of generators,
    transformers etc, with the busbar.
    ► All these are connected through circuit
    breakers & isolators
    ► Busbars and lines are important
    elements of electric power system
    require immediate attention of
    protection and inspection staff for
    safeguard against the possible faults
    ADVANTAGES
    ► Simple & cheap
    ► Needs little maintenance

    DISADVANTAGES:
    ► Bus bars cannot be cleaned or repaired
    without switching off the whole system
    ► If a fault occurs at bus bars, the whole
    of the arrangement has to be switched
    off.
    Links and References

     132 kv grid station muzaffargarh


     500 kv grid station muzaffargarh
     www.wapda.gov.pk
     www.ntdc.com.pk
     www.mepco.com.pk
    ► Guide to electrical power system by
    Antony j.pansini
    Thank you

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