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Bundled Conductors

So far we have discussed three-phase systems that have only one conductor per phase. However for
extra high voltage lines corona causes a large problem if the conductor has only one conductor per
phase. Corona occurs when the surface potential gradient of a conductor exceeds the dielectric strength
of the surrounding air. This causes ionization of the area near the conductor. Corona produces power
loss. It also causes interference with communication channels. Corona manifests itself with a hissing
sound and ozone discharge. Since most long distance power lines in India are either 220 kV or 400 kV,
avoidance of the occurrence of corona is desirable.
The high voltage surface gradient is reduced considerably by having two or more conductors per phase in
close proximity. This is called conductor bundling . The conductors are bundled in groups of two, three or
four as shown in Fig. 1.10. The conductors of a bundle are separated at regular intervals with spacer
dampers that prevent clashing of the conductors and prevent them from swaying in the wind. They also
connect the conductors in parallel.
The geometric mean radius (GMR) of two-conductor bundle is given by

where D
s
is the GMR of conductor. The GMR for three-conductor and four-conductor bundles are given
respectively by



The inductance of the bundled conductor is then given by



(1.53)

(1.54)

(1.55)
where n=2,3 ....
(1.56)
where the geometric mean distance is calculated assuming that the center of a round conductor is the
same as that of the center of the bundle.

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