1

Africa
(Regional Association I)
Disaster Prevention And
Mitigation Programme Survey






Mr William Nyakwada
2
Agenda
Impacts of hazards
Preliminary results of the WMO country-level
DPM survey
Preliminary results of the WMO regional-level
DPM survey
Opportunities and recent initiatives for
implementation of the Hyogo Framework for
Action (HFA), and key partners
Regional activities and capacities available
through WMO network (RSMCs and RTCs)
3
Impacts of hazards in Africa
4
Number of Disasters (1980-2005)
Source: EM-
DAT: The
OFDA/CRED
International
Disaster Database
- www.em-dat.net
- Universit
Catholique de
Louvain - Brussels
- Belgiumc
96% of disasters are related to
hydro-meteorological factors.
Volcano
0.6%
Tsunami
0.3%
Epidemic, famine,
insects
39%
Wild Fires
1.1%
Windstorm
9%
Earthquake
3%
Drought
18%
Extreme
Temperature
0.7%
Flood
27%
Slides
1.3%
5
DISEASES
:Malaria,
Cholera,
Typhoid,
Rift valley
Fever etc
FLOODS
LAND SLIDES AND
EARTHQUAKES
DROUGHT AND FAMINE
1999-2000 DROUGHT
6
Loss of Human Life (1980-2005)
Source: EM-DAT: The
OFDA/CRED
International Disaster
Database - www.em-
dat.net - Universit
Catholique de Louvain -
Brussels - Belgium
98% of loss of life are related to
hydro-meteorological factors. Hydro- Meteorological
Information is Rarely Integrated in Decision-making
Volcano
0.28%
Tsunami
0.04%
Epidemic, famine,
insects
17%
Windstorm
0.5%
Earthquake
1.0%
Drought
80%
Flood
2%
KEY DEVELOPMENT PATHS:
Rely on Agriculture and water resources.
Human resources
7
Economic Losses (1980-2005)
Source: EM-DAT: The
OFDA/CRED
International Disaster
Database - www.em-
dat.net - Universit
Catholique de Louvain -
Brussels - Belgium
45% of economic losses are related to
hydro-meteorological factors
Tsunami
0.15%
Epidemic, famine,
insects
0.49%
Wild Fires
0.05% Windstorm
15%
Earthquake
54%
Drought
15%
Extreme
Temperature
0.2%
Flood
16%
8
Growth rates in sectors and total GDP for the period 1972-1981
(Adopted from Kenya development plan 1984-1988)
COMMENTS
The declines
in 1973-76
and 1978-80
were partly
attributed to
the Droughts
in 1974
and 1979
affecting
agriculture.

-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1
9
7
2
-
7
3
1
9
7
3
-
7
4
1
9
7
4
-
7
5
1
9
7
5
-
7
6
1
9
7
6
-
7
7
1
9
7
7
-
7
8
1
9
7
8
-
7
9
1
9
7
9
-
8
0
1
9
8
0
-
8
1
agriculture industry totalgdp
GDP=Agriculture+Industry+Government services
EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC LOSS RELATED TO HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES-KENYA
9
Preliminary results of the WMO
country-level DPM survey
in RA I (Africa)
10
Responses to the WMO Country-Level
DPM Survey in Africa
28 out of 52
Members
responded
11
Ranking of the hazards
from the country-level survey
HIGH
IMPACTS
LOW
IMPACTS
Hazard
Countries affected (out
of 28)
Global
(out of 139)
Drought 24 101
Strong winds 23 119
Thunderstorm or lightning 23 103
Flash flood 21 105
Forest or wild land fire 21 81
River flooding 20 101
Desert locust swarm 14 27
Hazards to aviation 14 67
Smoke, Dust or Haze 14 50
Dense fog 13 62
Earthquakes 13 75
Heat wave 12 72
Hailstorm 11 69
Coastal flooding 10 56
Landslide or mudslide 10 70
Sandstorm 9 27
Tropical cyclone 8 56
Waterborne hazards 8 47
Marine hazards 7 43
Cold wave 6 52
Tornado 4 45
Tsunami 4 35
Volcanic events 4 29
Airborne substances 3 35
Heavy snow 3 53
Storm surge 3 48
Freezing rain 2 36
Avalanche 36
(Drought, strong winds, thunderstorms, flash floods, river flooding and locusts)
12
Number of countries keeping data archives
Very few countries maintain impact databases
Need for strengthening National Meteorological and Hydrological
Services' capacities for hazard data recording & archiving.
D
r
o
u
g
h
t

S
t
r
o
n
g

w
i
n
d
s

T
h
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
r
m

o
r

l
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g

F
l
a
s
h

f
l
o
o
d

F
o
r
e
s
t

o
r

w
i
l
d

l
a
n
d

f
i
r
e

R
i
v
e
r

f
l
o
o
d
i
n
g

D
e
s
e
r
t

l
o
c
u
s
t

s
w
a
r
m

H
a
z
a
r
d
s

t
o

a
v
i
a
t
i
o
n

S
m
o
k
e
,

D
u
s
t

o
r

H
a
z
e

D
e
n
s
e

f
o
g

E
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
s

H
e
a
t

w
a
v
e

H
a
i
l
s
t
o
r
m

C
o
a
s
t
a
l

f
l
o
o
d
i
n
g

L
a
n
d
s
l
i
d
e

o
r

m
u
d
s
l
i
d
e

S
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
m

T
r
o
p
i
c
a
l

c
y
c
l
o
n
e

W
a
t
e
r
b
o
r
n
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

M
a
r
i
n
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

C
o
l
d

w
a
v
e

T
o
r
n
a
d
o

T
s
u
n
a
m
i

V
o
l
c
a
n
i
c

e
v
e
n
t
s


A
i
r
b
o
r
n
e

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

H
e
a
v
y

s
n
o
w

S
t
o
r
m

s
u
r
g
e

F
r
e
e
z
i
n
g

r
a
i
n

A
v
a
l
a
n
c
h
e

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Data Archived Impacts data (loss of life + economic losses)
HIGH
IMPACT
LOW
IMPACT
A lot of information on drought,
strong winds, thunderstorms
and heat waves. Very little on impacts
13
Number of countries issuing warnings
HIGH
IMPACT
LOW
IMPACT
Warnings could be significantly enhanced through strengthening
of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services' capacities
D
r
o
u
g
h
t

S
t
r
o
n
g

w
i
n
d
s

T
h
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
r
m

o
r

l
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g

F
l
a
s
h

f
l
o
o
d

F
o
r
e
s
t

o
r

w
i
l
d

l
a
n
d

f
i
r
e

R
i
v
e
r

f
l
o
o
d
i
n
g

D
e
s
e
r
t

l
o
c
u
s
t

s
w
a
r
m

H
a
z
a
r
d
s

t
o

a
v
i
a
t
i
o
n

S
m
o
k
e
,

D
u
s
t

o
r

H
a
z
e

D
e
n
s
e

f
o
g

E
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
s

H
e
a
t

w
a
v
e

H
a
i
l
s
t
o
r
m

C
o
a
s
t
a
l

f
l
o
o
d
i
n
g

L
a
n
d
s
l
i
d
e

o
r

m
u
d
s
l
i
d
e

S
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
m

T
r
o
p
i
c
a
l

c
y
c
l
o
n
e

W
a
t
e
r
b
o
r
n
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

M
a
r
i
n
e

h
a
z
a
r
d
s

C
o
l
d

w
a
v
e

T
o
r
n
a
d
o

T
s
u
n
a
m
i

V
o
l
c
a
n
i
c

e
v
e
n
t
s


A
i
r
b
o
r
n
e

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

H
e
a
v
y

s
n
o
w

S
t
o
r
m

s
u
r
g
e

F
r
e
e
z
i
n
g

r
a
i
n

A
v
a
l
a
n
c
h
e

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
NMS NHS Combined Service Other
14
Contributions of NMHSs to key sectors
relevant to Disaster Risk Management
The contributions could be significantly enhanced through strengthening
of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services' capacities
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
F
o
o
d

s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
H
e
a
l
t
h
S
a
f
e
t
y

o
f

L
i
f
e

a
t

S
e
a
S
a
n
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
F
r
e
s
h

w
a
t
e
r
L
a
n
d
-
u
s
e

p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
H
o
u
s
i
n
g
15
Most critical factors limiting contributions of NMHSs to disaster risk management
Africa - RA I
(out of 28 responses)
GLOBAL
(out of 139 responses)
Visibility and recognition of NMHSs within the Government as one of the main contributing agencies to disaster risk reduction 24/26 108/134
Understanding at the ministerial level of the socio-economic benefits of hydrometeorological products and services 26/26 124/132
National disaster risk reduction organizational structures 4/26 49/132
Lack of understanding by governmental authorities of the value that NMHSs provides 18/24 82/130
Legislation or policies regarding the role of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service in DRR 16/24 72/131
Observing networks for hydro-meteorological conditions 21/24 91/129
Resources for the maintenance of the observing networks 23/25 95/131
Value-added services in support of hydrometeorological risk assessment 24/25 114/127
Resources and infrastructure to deliver products and services 26/27 105/114
Operational forecasting and warning services 26/26 119/128
Readiness level system to ensure appropriate response by authorities to the levels of information issued by NMHSs 21/24 106/126
Collaboration and coordination with the WMO Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres 26/27 100/130
Linkages with other organizations involved in disaster risk reduction 23/27 68/133
Coordination with neighboring or adjacent countries 26/27 115/132
Forecaster training 19/25 74/131
Joint training between NMHS staff and disaster risk managers 26/26 91/132
Joint training between NMHS staff and media 26/27 90/135
Joint training between NMHS staff and emergency authorities and managers 25/26 89/133
Educational modules that NMHSs could target at Media, Public, disaster risk reduction authorities 27/27 117/134
Public understanding of the effects of hazards 25/26 111/133
Public understanding of warnings 25/26 109/133
Limiting factors of NMHSs in their
contribution to disaster risk management
16
Areas in which WMO's global and regional efforts could
enhance NMHSs' contribution to disaster risk management
Statement
RA I
(Africa)
28 / 52
Global
139 /187
Technology transfer, capacity building, technical guidelines and technical trainings (e.g. forecasting tools
and methodologies, hazard mapping, and other inputs to risk assessment tools, etc.)
1 1
Provision of technical advice and specifications (e.g. to enhance observing networks, operational
infrastructures, relevant products and services for disaster risk reduction applications)
2 2
Resource mobilization
3 9
Assist members in the development of the national disaster risk reduction plans
4 7
Advocacy for enhanced visibility of National Meteorological and Hydrological Service in the area of disaster
risk reduction
5 4
Cost benefit analysis of hydro-meteorological services in disaster risk reduction
6 5
Strengthening strategic partnerships with stakeholders (e.g. disaster risk managers, media, etc.)
7 6
Education, training and public outreach programs in disaster risk reduction (e.g. targeted at National
Meteorological and Hydrological Service and their stakeholders)
8 3
Strengthening strategic partnerships with other technical organizations and agencies (e.g. meteorology,
hydrology, ocean services, etc.)
9 8
Establishment of regional emergency protocols for the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in
support of each other in case of disruption of services due to the impact of a disaster
10 10
Capacity building and training, identification of suitable
technologies and resource mobilization
17
Preliminary results of
the WMO regional-level
DPM survey
in RA I (Africa)
18
Regional-level DPM survey is being implemented by RA
Working Group on DPM to address issues related to:
i) Providing information on initiatives through various economic groupings and
agencies to develop regional strategic plans for implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA)
ii) Strengthening regional capacitys in disaster risk management
iii) Identification and prioritization of hazards that pose the greatest risk resulting in
a need for cross boundary / sub-regional / regional collaboration and
cooperation
iv) Understanding the current capacities and activities in the region in support of
disaster risk management, and how these regional capacities and activities
support these focus areas, including the projects underway through the working
groups of the Regional Association
v) Identification of gaps and needs and cross-boundary challenges for enhancing
capacities in support of disaster risk management
vi) Regional priorities with respect to addressing these gaps and needs
vii) Identification of existing and potential future partnerships and concrete project
areas of the regional association with other agencies involved in disaster risk
reduction.
viii) Prioritization of activities / projects in support of Members capacities in disaster
risk management in your Regional Association.
19
CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED
East African Community (EAC)
Economic Commission For West African States (ECOWAS)
Intergovernmental Authority On Development (IGAD),
South African Development Community (SADC)
UN/ISDR-Africa
IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre(ICPAC)
WMO Regional Programme
Information available on the websites and obtained through
interactions in various relevant forums and consultancies.
20
Contributions from AU and RECs
Discussions with the South African Development Community (SADC),
Intergovernmental Authority On Development (IGAD), and Economic
Commission For West African States (ECOWAS) established that their
DRR activities converge on reducing weather and climate related risks
that affect agriculture and food security, water resource development
and management, disaster prevention and mitigation, human and animal
health, and transport and communication.
Drought is the highest concern for all the sub-regions followed by
floods, epidemics, environmental degradation (desertification and
erosion), tropical cyclones and strong winds.
The RECs appreciated the services provided by the Sub-Regional
Specialized Meteorological Centres such as AGRHYMET, ICPAC,
SADC-DMC and La Reunion(Tropical Cyclones).
They also appreciated services provided by NMHSs.
21
Opportunities and recent
initiatives for implementation of
the Hyogo Framework for Action
(HFA), and key partners
22
AFRICA UNITY/NEPAD
African regional strategy for disaster
risk reduction
Executive Council Eighth Ordinary Session, 16 21 January 2006,
Khartoum, SUDAN approved the Programme of Action (2006-
2010) for the Implementation of the Africa Regional Strategy for
Disaster Risk Reduction(EX.CL/228 (VIII)).
The key areas of the Action Plan for the Implementation of Africa
Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction are:
Increased political commitment to disaster risk reduction,
Improve identification and assessment of disaster risks,
Increase public awareness of disaster risk reduction, Improve
governance of disaster risk reduction institutions, integrate
disaster risk reduction in emergency response management,
Overall co-ordination and monitoring of the implementation of
the Strategy,
23
AU PROGRAMME OF ACTION ON DRR - Timeframe: 5 Years
(Highlights)- Improve identification and assessment of disaster risks
ACT 1:To improve the quality of information and data on disaster risks.
RES 1: Quality of information and data improved on DRR
ACT2: To improve identification, assessment and monitoring of hazards,
vulnerabilities and capacities.
RES 2: Risk identification and assessment improved
ACT 3: To strengthen early warning systems, institutions, capacities and
resource base, including observational and research sub-systems.
RES 3 :Capacity for hazard and vulnerability mapping and
monitoring improved
ACT:4 To improve communication and information exchange among
stakeholders in risk identification and assessment.
RES 4: Early warning systems at national and regional level
enhanced
ACT 5 To engender and improve integration and coordination of risk
identification and assessment processes and interventions.
RES 5 :Information flow and assessment of disaster risks better
coordinated among stakeholders
24
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY(EAC)
A five-year meteorological strategic plan and
investment strategy
EAC developed and adopted a Five-year Meteorological
Strategic Plan and Investment Strategy aimed at
improving the capacities of NMHSs to support DRR
activities.
The strategic plan and investment strategy included
various projects aimed at improving services to the
various sectors. Only programmes aimed at improving
the generation and application of products are
highlighted in this presentation.
25
EAC CONTD
ST1: Support NMSs in the development of applications products tailored
to specific user needs; and strengthen weather services for the public and
the tourist industry;
PRO 1:Develop capacity and acquire facilities to develop products
tailored to specific user needs
ST2:Improve weather and climate services and products for the energy
generation, disaster management, water resources management and
building and construction industry;
PRO 2:Improving weather and climate services and products for the
energy generation, disaster management, water resources
management and building and construction industry;
ST 3:Support development of improved weather and climate services and
products for application specific to the health sector;
PROJECT 3: Developing improved weather and climate services and
products for application specific to the health sector
ST4: Strengthening remote sensing capabilities
PRO 4: Procurement, installation and commissioning of satellite
receiving equipment for polar orbiting and R&D satellites;
26
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR WEST AFRICAN STATES
(ECOWAS)
ECOWAS-Key hazards are drought and desertification(northern parts) and
floods and coastal erosion (southern parts)
Focus is on reducing the impacts of drought on Agriculture and food
security, and water resources
Water and environment policy was being developed to coordinate cross
boarder water basins.
The Agricultural Policy For The Economic Community
Of West African States(ECOWAP), adopted by The
Twenty Eighth Session Of The Authority Of Heads Of
States and Governments On 19 January 2005 in Accra,
Ghana , aims at contributing to the reduction of the
vulnerability of the west African economies to factors
related to natural disasters.
27
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY ON DEVELOPMENT
(IGAD)
IGAD has developed a strategy on disaster
risk reduction and has accepted ICPAC as a
specialized centre on climate prediction and
application.

Has a programme focusing on
identifying drought tolerant activities to
improve the livelihood of the people in
arid and semi-arid lands(i.e 60-70% of
the Region) and the effort is to produce
crop varieties.

28
IGAD CONTD
A community pilot project on water harvesting aimed at providing
water for agriculture and domestic consumption was being
implemented under the funding of the African Development Bank .
The major challenge for the the project implementation is
inadequate hydro-meteorological data to establish the water
harvesting potentials and water losses. Meteorological data is also
needed for designing and locating windbreaks.
The community would need training in meteorological observation
to provide information to support sustainable operation of the
project.
Under a joint project for COMESA, IGAD, EAC and IOC ten
million(10m) EUROs have been provided to address food security
and risk management in the regions(most of the funds would be
used on food relief and school feeding programme).
The existing early warning systems are more on identifying the needs
for food relief and less on creating preparedness.
29
IGAD-contd
COMESA and IGAD joint project to
improve information, communication and
technology (ICT) in eastern and southern
Africa would benefit members of IGAD,
Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), East
African Community(EAC) and COMESA.
The project is intended to improve
telecommunication ICT (a major
challenge for moving meteorological data
and products) by addressing policy and
connectivity.
30
SOUTH AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY (SADC)
The region had implemented several projects
supported by Food Agriculture Organization(FAO)
to improve early warning systems focusing on
systems in the agricultural sector.
The major concerns included:
The inadequacy of the forecasts to filter into the high levels of
management at the secretariat.
Gaps between the NMHSs and users, which are attributed to the
perception of NMHSs that they are perfect in their profession and
know what every user needs leading to provision of services
without any consultation. NMHSs need to open up more and interact
with other sectors.
NMHSs need to build capacity and partnerships to facilitate the
generation of products needed by various users.
31
SADC CONTD
The following were recommended as the needs for improving the
contribution of NMHSs to DRR:
To conduct climate risk assessment of the region so as to establish the
magnitude, intensity and duration of climate extremes affecting the
region.
The records of the events be properly compiled and to assist in
establishing the return periods of droughts and floods affecting the region.
Enhance capacities of NMHSs to utilize the large records of climate
information they are holding.
The NMHSs promote partnerships with users and allow users with
capacity to access the data to generate products relevant to their specific
needs.
Users need to form partnership with NMHSs to enhance the utilization of
the available meteorological data and information, and NMHSs should
develop capacities to meet diverse needs of the users.
The NMHSs need to develop human resource capacities in ICT to
improve the utilization of MSG products.
32
ACTIVITIES INVOLVING
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
WMO, GCOS, Members and development partners are involved in
various programmes contributing to DRR. These include those aimed at
improving human resource capacities, infrastructure and developing
strategies and action plans to improve the services in the region.
WMO, Members and Specialized advanced Centres are implementing a
Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP) aimed at
demonstrating the potential contribution of advances in the science of
meteorology to DRR. It involves meteorologists, disaster management
and civil authorities. The lessons learned from this project would
facilitate implementation of similar project in other parts of the region
The implementation of the proposed strategy for RA-I World Weather
Watch (WWW) intended to Enhance the Contribution of WWW to the
Reduction of the Risks Associated With Severe Weather and Climate
Extremes Affecting Africa will contribute to DRR in the region.
The PUMA/MTAP provided facilities and training to enable NMHSs
receive and use products from MSG. It involved users, RECs, donors
(European Commission and EU Member States) and other international
stakeholders (EUMETSAT, WMO).

33
ACTIVITIES INVOLVING
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable
Development (AMESD)-The objective of the AMESD programme
is to help the African countries to improve the management of
their natural resources and assist them in better defining their
needs and identifying the potential beneficiaries.
World Bank, Africa Development Bank, SIDA,
EC/EU, ISDR, UN OCHA , Department for
International Development Cooperation
(FINNIDA), The U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID), United nation development
Programme (UNDP), UNEP, UN/ISDR,
EUMETSAT among other institutions have beed
involved or funded projects that contribute to DRR
in the region.
34
ACTIVITIES INVOLVING
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The DRR activities that the international
communities have been involved in include:
Improving the generation and application of climate
products;
Adapting to climate variability and change;
Identification and mapping of hazards;
Developing disaster management policies;
Integrating weather and climate in DRR Policy;
Agriculture and food security;
Water resource development and management;
Disaster response;
Use of indigenous knowledge in DRR; and
Capacity building and the development of Infrastructure.
35
Regional activities and capacities available through
WMO network (RSMCs and RTCs)

ACMAD, ICPAC, SADC-DMC and La Reunion continued
to contribute to provide warnings and capacity building in
their areas of specializations.
The climate outlook forums and preseason capacity building
workshops have helped improve the skills of the seasonal
climate outlooks and linkages between NMHSs and users.
The RTCs have continued to build capacities in operational
meteorology and related applied sciences. The support of
WMO and Members has been very instrumental in
developing capacities in capacities in the developing and
least developed countries including those emerging from
wars.
These institutions have demonstrated that with support they
can significantly contribute to DRR and enhance
partnerships among NMHSs and users to facilitate the
generation of tailored products to reduce risks and spur
development.

36
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The results of this survey continue to indicate that most of
the disasters affecting the region are related to hydro-
meteorological processes.
Droughts continue to have the highest tall on the losses of
lives in the region.
The advances in science indicate that seasonal rainfall can
be predicted with useful skill.
The survey indicates that AU and RECs DRR strategies
recognize the need to address the reduction of climate
related risks.
Despite the fact that a lot of funding flows to the continent,
the components in the strategy aimed at DRR through the
improvement of hydro-meteorological information rarely
attract funding.
The future of the continent depends on the capacity of the
vulnerable rural community to cope with climate.
37
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
The components in the strategies of AU and RECs aimed
at mainstreaming weather and climate into DRR need to
be supported to contribute to sustainable development.
Projects that promote networking and partnerships
among NMHSs, RSMCs and end users be supported to
contribute to the generation of products that meet users
needs.
Projects that promote an integrated approach in hydro-
meteorological data creation, movement and processing
including applications need to be supported.
Projects aimed at improving capacities of NMHSs and
RSMCs(ACMAD, ICPAC, SADC-DMC and La
Reunion) need to be supported.
38
WAY FORWARD
Efficient implementation of DRR activities requires a change in our way
of doing business to promote an integrated approach involving relevant
disciplines and stakeholders.
The needs of the region need to be integrated into the projects
addressing DRR in the region
Priority should be given to projects promoting the integration of
weather and climate in the:
management of Drought as affects Agriculture and food security;
Development and management of water resources;
Management of floods, epidemics(malaria), pests ( locusts), and
strong winds among other hazards.
Design and development of settlements and infrastructures for
transport.
The involvement of high level decision-makers in this process is
important for resource mobilization and achievement of the intended
goals.
39
We can give hope to the communities in Africa
by making them able to live with the current
climate variability and adapt to future climates.

40
END
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS