Strat 7

SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY
PROCEDURE
1. IDENTIFY & MAJOR DEPOSITIONAL UNITS 2. INTEGRATE WELL & SEISMIC 3. ANLYZE REFLECTION CHRACTERISTICS 4. RELATE LITHOLOGY TO SEISMIC 5. PREDICT ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING & LITHOLOGY 6. DETERMINE AN AGE MODEL 7. EVALUATE PREDICTIONS
TECHNIQUE
1. SEISMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS 2. SEISMIC-WELL TIE 3. SEISMIC FACES ANALUSIS 4. SEISMIC CALIBRATION 5. GEOLOGIC INTERPRETION 6. CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 7. SEISMIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC MODELING
USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK

ANALYSIS STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
BURIAL HISTORY
MODELING
TEMPERATURE HISTORY HYDROCARBON GENERATION PREDICTION
TRAP DEVELOPMENT AND TIMING RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
SOURCE
MIGRATION
RESERVOIR
SEAL
TRAP
EPSODIC VS CYCLIC DEPOSOTION

SCALE OF DEPOSITION
E P I S O D I C
CONTROLS
STORMS FLOODS
LAMINA
I N C R E A S I N G
LAMINASET BED BEDSET PARASEQUENCE PARASEQUENCESET SEQUENCE
TIDES
C Y C L I C
SHIFTING SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS

SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS LONG-TERM TECTONICS
BED VS DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES

BEDS DEPOSITIONAL SEQUECES
A SINGLE CYCLE OF DEPOSITION UNCONFORMITIES
WIDESPREAD THICK ENOUGH TO RESOLVE SEISMICALLY TERMINATES AGAINST UNCON-FORMITIES OR THEIR CORRELATIVE
FORMATION
A SINGLE EPISODE OF DEPOSITION BEDDING PLANES

LIMITED EXTENT SMALL THICKNESS TERMINATES WHERE BEDDING SURFACES INTERSECT
BOUNDING SURFACES
MORPHOLOGY
SEISMIC REFLECTION
GENERATED AT PHYSICAL SURFACES ACROSS WHICH THERE IS A CHANGE IN IMPEDENCE POLARITY IS DETERMINED BY SIGN OF THE REFLECTION COEFFCIENT AMPLITUDE IS A FUNCTION OF: - MAGNITUDE OF THE REFLECTION COEFFCIENT - SHARPNESS OF THE REFLECTION COEFFCIENT - RESOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM
REFLECTION AND TIMESTRATIGRAPHY

GENERATING FEATURE
TIME-STRATIGRAPHY
UNCONFORMITIES
YES SEPARATES OLDER STRATA BELOW FROM YOUNGER STRATA ABOVE
YES STRATAL SURFACES
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STARATAL SURFACES

SEISMIC REFLECTIONS PARALLEL STARATAL SURFACES RESOLUTION IS COMMONLY AT SCALE OF PARASQUENCES REFLECTION TERMINATION INDICATES THE ASSOCIATED STRATAL UNIT HAS: - ENDED ABRUPTLY (TRUNCATION) OR - THINNED BELOW RESOLUTION (LABOUT)
MARKING THE SEISMIC SECTION

LOCATE UNCONFORMITIES
AT THE BASE OF ONLAPS AND DOWNLAPS

HALF CYCLE ABOVE TRUNCATION AND TOPLAP
MARK ONSETS (ZERO-CROSSINGS) FRO MINIMUM PHASE PEAKS?TROUGHS FOR ZERO PHASE REFLECTION CHARECTERISTICS CAN VARY ALONG AN UNCONFORMITY
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF FACIES CHANGES

SEISMIC REFLECTIONS DO NOT FOLLOW
FACIES BOUNDARIES
HOWEVERE
REFLECTION CHRACTERISTICS ARE AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN THE FACIES - REFLECTION AMPLITUDE
- REFLECTION CONTINUITY
- REFLECTION POLARITY
LIMITATIONS
RESOLUTION
VERTICAL LATERAL
IMPROPER POSITIONING REFLECTIONS
DIP ANALOG SECTION

OUT-OF-PLANE REFLECTION NONPRIMARY REFLECTIONS NONCOHERENT NOISE COHERENT NOISE
LITHOLOGY PREDICTION
SEISMIC DATA CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
SEISMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
SEISMIC SEQUENCES
SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS
SEISMIC REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS DEPOSITIONAL FRAMEWORK
GEOLOGIC INTRPRETATION
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS APPROACH

SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS
CORE ANALYSIS
REFLECTION GEOMETRIES
REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS
LOG ANALYSIS
CALIBRATION
INTERPRETATION
FACIES MODEL
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
SEDIMENT SUPPLY
PRIDICTION
INTEGRATED FACIES ANALYSIS

WELL AND SEISMIC DATA
OBSERVE VARIATIONS IN CORES, ON LOGS AND ON SEISMIC
CALIBRATE
LOG RESPONSE TO CORE LITHOFACIES SEISMIC PESPONSE TO CORES AND LOGS
INTERBRATE
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS SUBENVIRONMENTS SETTING
PREDICT
LATERAL AND VERTICAL LITHOLOGIC DISTRIBUTION
SEISMIC FACIES PARAMETERS

TERMINATION PATTERN INTERNAL CONFIGRATION EXTERNAL FORM
REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS AMPLITUDE
CONTINUITY
FREQUENCY INTERVAL VELOCITY
INTERNAL CONFIGURATIONS
STRATIFIED UNSTRATIFIED
SIMPLE
PROGADATIONAL
COMPLEX
CHAOTIC
REFLECTION FREE
BARALLEL SUBPARALLEL
SEGMIOD OBLIQUE
MOUNDED HUMMOCHY
DIVERGENT
COMBINATION
SHINGLED
DEFORMED
EXTERNAL FORM
UNIFORM THICKNESS SHEET-EVEN SHEET-DRAPE SHEET-SMOOTHING
VARYING THICKNESS FILL MOND COMBINATION
GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS
ABC TECHNIQUE
EROSION TOPLAP CONCODANT
ONLAP DOWNLAP CONCORDANT
PARALLEL SUBPARALLEL DIVERGENT
SIGMOID OBLIQUE SHINGLED
MOUNDED HUMMOCKY DEFORMED
DEPOSITIONAL ENERGY
HIGH
DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES ACTIVE
LOW
QUIET WATER
SEDIMENTARY FACIES
SORTED
COARSEST AVAILABLE GRAIN SIZE TOPLAB/OBLIQUE MOUNDS
POOR SORTING FINE PRESENT
DIAGNOSTIC GEOMETRIES
SHEET/DRAPE SIGMOID PROG. SLOPE FRONT FILL
EXPLORATION
REFLECTION CHARECTERISTICS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENERGY

AMPLITUDE CONDITIONS LITHOLOGY
LOW
HIGH VARIABLE
UNIFORM
ALTERNATING VARYING
MASSIVE
INTERFINGERED DISCONTINUOUS
CONTINUITY
DEPOSITION
HIGH
WIDESPREAD
I) ESTABLISH CHORONOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK SEISMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS TIE WELL AND SEISMIC
II) DEVELOP DEPOSOTIONAL FRAMEWORK ANALYZE REFLECTION GEOMETRIES

TIE WELL AND SEISMIC INTERPRET DEPOSITIONAL SETTING CALIBRATE SEISMIC FACIES EXTRAPOLATE AWAY FROM WELL(S)
USE FACIES MODELS

USE CONCEPT OF DEPOSITIONAL ENERGY
VISUAL SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF HYDROCARBON INDICATORS

AMPLITUDE ANOMALY FREQUENCY ANOMALY TIME SAG ABRUPT TERMINATIONS PHASE CHANGE FLUID CONTACT REFLECTION SHADOW ZONE CHINMEY
FALSE HDIS AND PITFALLS

LOW IMPEDANCE ROCKS FLAT REFLECTIONS NOT RELATED TO FLUID CONTACTS - STRATIGRAPHY
- MULTIPLES INCORRECT SECTION POLARITY

LOW GAS STATURATION RESERVOIRS PROSITY PRESERVATION BY PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBONS
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 2-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CHEAP
MANUAL (SERIAL OVERLAY) WITHOUT TIME SLICES, FEW CROSS LINES
NO SPECIAL
EQUIPMENT
MISS STRUCTURES THAT STRIKE SUBPARALLEL TO LINES INACCURATE 3-D TIES OF HORIZONS & STRUCTURES MAPPING IS ADDITIONAL STEP CUMBERSOME
FAST IN
STRUCTURA LLY SIMPLE AREAS
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION
3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUES MANUAL BUT WITH TIME SLICES (GS) SEISCROP ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
EASY TO RECOGNIZE
STRUCTURES IN MOST ORIENTATIONS
EXPENSIVE AND SLOW TO

MAKE FILM
ACCURATE 3-D TIES

OF HORIZONS & STRUCTURES
DIFFICULT TO TIE LINES

(PAPER) TO TIME SLICES (PROJECTED)
FAST WITH GOOD

REFLECTION QONTINUITY
NOT USABLE IN AREAS OF

POOR REFLECTION CONTINUITY
CUMBERSOME AMPLITUDE CONTROLS

POSITION OF TIME SLICE PICKS
TECHNIQUE S TRUE 3-D GRID
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
VERY DETAILED MAPS

MOST ACCURATE PICTURES OF FAULT PATTERNS HIGHEST CONFIDENCE INTERPRETATION
VERY SLOW MANY TIES
USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK

ANALYSIS STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
BURIAL HISTORY MODELING
TEMPERATURE HISTORY
HYDROCARBON GENERATION PREDICTION
SOURCE MIGRATION
TRAP DEVELOPMENT AND TIMING RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
RESERVOIR
SEAL
TRAP
TECHNIQUES
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CHEAP
MANUAL (SERIAL OVERLAY) WITHOUT TIME SLICES, FEW CROSS LINES
NO SPECIAL
EQUIPMENT
MISS STRUCTURES THAT STRIKE SUBPARALLEL TO LINES INACCURATE 3-D TIES OF HORIZONS & STRUCTURES MAPPING IS ADDITIONAL STEP CUMBERSOME
FAST IN
STRUCTURA LLY SIMPLE AREAS
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION
3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUES MANUAL BUT WITH TIME SLICES (GS) SEISCROP ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
EASY TO RECOGNIZE
STRUCTURES IN MOST ORIENTATIONS
EXPENSIVE AND SLOW TO

MAKE FILM
ACCURATE 3-D TIES

OF HORIZONS & STRUCTURES
DIFFICULT TO TIE LINES

(PAPER) TO TIME SLICES (PROJECTED)
FAST WITH GOOD

REFLECTION QONTINUITY
NOT USABLE IN AREAS OF

POOR REFLECTION CONTINUITY
CUMBERSOME AMPLITUDE CONTROLS

POSITION OF TIME SLICE PICKS
TECHNIQUE S TRUE 3-D GRID
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
VERY DETAILED MAPS
VERY SLOW MANY TIES
MOST ACCURATE PICTURES OF FAULT PATTERNS HIGHEST CONFIDENCE INTERPRETATION

TECHNIQU ES
ISIS-
ADVANTAGES
ALOWS USE OF ANY
TECHNIQUE
DISADVANTAGES
CONVERSION OF SEISMIC DATA TO ACCEPTABLE FORMAT CAN BE TIME-CONSUMMING EXCESSIVE DETAIL AVAILABLE
EPR INTERACTIVE MOST ACCURATE TIES OF TIME SEISMIC SLICES TO LINES AND LINES TO INTERPRATATION CROSS-LINES SYSTEM LESS PAPER TO SHUFFLE AMPLITUDE/COLOR SCALING RAPID, ACCURATE DIGITIZING
CONTOUR MAPS OF HORIZONS DIGITIZED ON LINES AND/OR SLICES
IMAGE MANIPULATIONS
ZOOM, STRETCH, SQUEEZE, REVERSE POLARITY
RELIEVES INTRPRETATER
SEISMIC-WELL TIES
PURPOSE: TO COMBINE TWO DATA SETS FOR A MORE COMPLETE INTERPERATION
SEISMIC DATA
TWO WAY TIME SEISMIC VELOCITY SEISMIC IMPEDENCE SEISMIC SEQUENCES SEISMIC FACIES STRUCTURE
WELL DATA
LINEAR DEPTH VELOCITY DENSITY GEOLOGIC AGE LITHOLOGY FAULT ORIENTATION

Strat 7

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SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY

USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK

TRAP DEVELOPMENT AND TIMING RESERVOIR PROPERTIES

EPSODIC VS CYCLIC DEPOSOTION

LAMINASET BED BEDSET PARASEQUENCE PARASEQUENCESET SEQUENCE

SHIFTING SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS

BED VS DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES

A SINGLE EPISODE OF DEPOSITION BEDDING PLANES

REFLECTION AND TIMESTRATIGRAPHY

YES SEPARATES OLDER STRATA BELOW FROM YOUNGER STRATA ABOVE

YES STRATAL SURFACES

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STARATAL SURFACES

MARKING THE SEISMIC SECTION

AT THE BASE OF ONLAPS AND DOWNLAPS

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF FACIES CHANGES

IMPROPER POSITIONING REFLECTIONS

DIP ANALOG SECTION

SEISMIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS

SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS

SEISMIC REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS DEPOSITIONAL FRAMEWORK

SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS APPROACH

INTEGRATED FACIES ANALYSIS

LOG RESPONSE TO CORE LITHOFACIES SEISMIC PESPONSE TO CORES AND LOGS

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS SUBENVIRONMENTS SETTING

LATERAL AND VERTICAL LITHOLOGIC DISTRIBUTION

SEISMIC FACIES PARAMETERS

REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS AMPLITUDE

VARYING THICKNESS FILL MOND COMBINATION

EROSION TOPLAP CONCODANT

ONLAP DOWNLAP CONCORDANT

PARALLEL SUBPARALLEL DIVERGENT

SIGMOID OBLIQUE SHINGLED

MOUNDED HUMMOCKY DEFORMED

POOR SORTING FINE PRESENT

SHEET/DRAPE SIGMOID PROG. SLOPE FRONT FILL

REFLECTION CHARECTERISTICS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENERGY

II) DEVELOP DEPOSOTIONAL FRAMEWORK ANALYZE REFLECTION GEOMETRIES

USE FACIES MODELS

VISUAL SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF HYDROCARBON INDICATORS

FALSE HDIS AND PITFALLS

- MULTIPLES INCORRECT SECTION POLARITY

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 2-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

EXPENSIVE AND SLOW TO

ACCURATE 3-D TIES

DIFFICULT TO TIE LINES

FAST WITH GOOD

NOT USABLE IN AREAS OF

CUMBERSOME AMPLITUDE CONTROLS

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUE S TRUE 3-D GRID

VERY DETAILED MAPS

VERY SLOW MANY TIES

USING A STRATIGRPHIC FRAMEWORK

BURIAL HISTORY MODELING

TRAP DEVELOPMENT AND TIMING RESERVOIR PROPERTIES

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION 3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES

3-D INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES