Fakultet organizacionih nauka Katedra za informacione sisteme

Modelovanje poslovnih procesa

Modelovanje procesa i standardizacija

Nenad Anii

ivotni ciklus poslovnog procesa

Goals, Evironmental Analysis, Organizational Analysis

Process Design
Measures for Improvement

Process Models

Animation, Simulation

Metrics, Targets

Process Evaluation

Target Values

Process Implementation

other reporting purposes

Process Metrics

Process Enactment

Process Metrics

Process Monitoring

Measure -ments

Implemented Processes

M. zur Muehlen: Workflow-based Process Controlling, 2004

Organizacije koje se bave standardizacijom modelovanja procesa

OMG: Object Management Group WfMC: Workflow Management Coalition BPMI: Business Process Management Initiative OASIS: Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (+ UN/CEFACT) W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
Akademske ustanove

Modelovanje poslovnih procesa pregled specifikacija

BPDM: Business Process Definition Metamodel by OMG BPEL4WS: Business Process Execution Language for Web Services by OASIS BPML: Business Process Modeling Language by BPMI BPMN: Business Process Modeling Notation by BPMI BPSS: Business Process Specification Schema by OASIS + UN/CEFACT EPML: EPC Markup Language by academia OWL-S by academia PNML: Petri Net Markup Language by academia UML ActD by OMG WS-CDL: WS-Choreography Description Language by W3C WSCI: WS Choreography Interface by W3C WSCL: WS Choreography Language by Hewlett-Packard WSFL: WS Flow Language by IBM XLANG by Microsoft XPDL: XML Process Definition Language by WfMC

Poredjenje specifikacija
BPDM BPEL4WS BPML BPMN BPSS EPML OWL-S PNML UML Act.D. WS-CDL WSCI WSCL WSFL XLANG XPDL
Task I/O Task Address Quality Attributes Protocol Control Flow Data Handling Instance Identity Roles Events Exceptions Transactions Graphic Position Statistical Data
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+ + + + + + + + -

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Mendling et al.: A Comparison of XML Interchange Formats for BPM, 2004

BPMI.org vizija
Akteri:
Strategy Consultants Business Analysts Process Designers System Architects Software Engineers

Poslovno okruenje

Svrha:

BPMN
Fokus BP Obuhvat

Modelovanje

BPEL
Izvravanje

Implementacione tehnologije

BPMN
Business Process Modeling Notation BPMN omoguava definisanje i razumevanje internih i eksternih poslovnih procedura preduzea opisanih preko dijagrama poslovnih procesa (Business Process Diagram). BMNP omoguava u okviru internog modela generisanje izvrnog BPEL4WS.

BPMN Osnovni skup grafikih elemenata

Osnovni skup koncepata omoguava lak prikaz poslovnih procesa koji je blizak poslovnim analitiarima (flowchart diagram)

BPMN - dogadjaji
Dogadjaj (event) je neto to se deava prilikom realizacije poslovnog procesa. Ovi dogadjaji utiu na tok procesa i imaju okida ili neki rezultat. Mogu inicirati, prekinuti ili zaustaviti tok procesa.

BPMN - aktivnosti
Aktivnost je posao (akcija) koji se izvrava u okviru procesa. Moe biti atomska ili sloena (compound). Tipovi aktivnosti su : Process, Sub-Process, and Task.

BPMN podprocesi
Podproces (sloena aktivnost) moe biti prikazan u eksenzivnom obliku kojim se prikazuje nii nivo skupa aktivnosti.

BPMN konektori

Konektor Sequence flow se koristi za definisanje redosleda izvravanja aktivnosti u okviru procesa.

Konektor Message Flow se korisiti za prikaz tokova poruka izmedju dva entiteta koja pripremaju i primaju poruku.

Konektor Association se korisiti za pridruivanje informacija i injenica sa tokom objekata.

BPMN kontrolni vorovi

Kontrolni vorovi (Gateways) su elementi dijagrama koji se koriste pri definisanju kako se tokovi aktivnosti razdvajaju ili spajaju u okviru procesa.

BPMN plivake staze

Pool su grafiki kontejneri za razdvajanje skupa aktivnosti, najee u B2B kontekstu.
Plivake staze su podelementi (particije) u okviru pool elementa, prikazani vertikalno ili horizontalno.

BPMN - pomoni elemeti (artifacts)

Objekti podataka obezbedjuju informacije o tome kako dokumeti, podaci i ostali objekte se koriste i menjaju u okviru procesa.
Annotations je mehanizam za specificiranje dodatnih informacija za itaoce BPMN diagrama. Grupa obezbedjuje mehanizam za vizuelno grupisanje elemenata.

BPMN primer - Normalan tok

BPMN primer B2B modelovanja

BPMN obrada izuzetaka

Dogadjaj pridruen aktivnosti definie okida kojim se moe prekinuti aktivnost. Svi poslovni u okviru aktivnosti bie stopirani i tok e se nastaviti od dogadjaja. Okida moe biti vremenski ili neki izuzetak.

BPMN transkacije i obrade otkaza Transakcija je aktivnost koja se

predstavlja duplim okvirom. Ove aktivnosti su podrane nekim transakcionim porotokolom kao to je na primer WS-Transaction. Normalno izvravanje prestavlja tok uspenog izvravanja procesa.

Dogadjaj Cancel Intermediate Event predstavlja alternativni tok izvravanja pri prekidu.
Dogadjaj Exception Intermediate Event predstavlja alternativni tok izvravanja pri otkazu sistema. Aktivnosti koje se koriste za komezaciju su izvan normalnog toka izvravanja.

BPMN primer sloenog procesa

Primer preslikavanja izmedju BPMN i BPEL4WS

<process name="EMailVotingProcess"> <!-- The Process data is defined first--> <sequence> <receive partnerLink="Internal" portType="tns:processPort" operation="receiveIssueList variable="processData" createInstance="Yes"/> <invoke name="ReviewIssueList" partnerLink="Internal" portType="tns:internalPort" operation="sendIssueList"

inputVariable="processData outputVariable="processData"/>
<switch name="Anyissuesready"> <!-- name="Yes" --> <case condition="bpws:getVariableProperty(ProcessData,NumIssues)>0"> <invoke name=DiscussionCycle partnerLink="Internal" portType="tns:processPort" operation=callDiscussionCycle" inputVariable="processData"/> <! Other Activities not shown -->

<!--name="No" -->
</case> <otherwise> <empty/> </otherwise> </switch> </sequence> </process>

Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC) SAP

Start

EPC Symbols
Event

Events

Receive Book Order

Order received

Functions

Function
Check Credit Rating Rating positive Rating negative

Process Interface

AND Split

Write Bill

Reject Order Order rejected

Connectors

AND Join

Bill written

Control Flow Arc

Wrap Book

Book wrapped

Send Book

Book sent

Procesi i Workflow
Runo izvravanje
Receive Book Order 20 min Check Credit Rating Reject Order 5 min

Automatizacija
Receive Book Order 0 min Check Credit Rating Reject Order 0 min

procesa

Procesa

15 min Write Bill 20 min Wrap Book 5 min Send Book Write Bill

1 min

5 min Wrap Book 5 min Send Book

Workflow pregled
Dizajner procesa
Analiza poslovnog procesa, Alati za modelovanje i definisanje Dizajn procesa i definicija

Izvravanje procesa

Definicija procesa Izmena procesa Workflow Management System Distributed Infrastructure Environment

Administrator / Supervizor

Prezentacija posla

Pokretanje Aplikacije

Korisnici

Aplikacije i IT Alati

WfMC Workflow Referentni model

Alati za definisanje procesa Interfejs 1 Dedfinicije procesa Uvoz/Izvoz Drugi Workflow servisi Workflow Engine(s)

Interfejs 5
Alati za administraciju i monitoring

Workflow Servis

Workflow Engine(s)

Interfejs 2 Klijent Obrada Apl. radnoglista

Interfejs 3 Tool Agent Druge Aplikacije

Interfejs 4 - Interoperabilnost

Legacy, Desktop, etc

WfMC Specifikacije
Resource Model Interface Process Definition Tool / Task
creates / modifies

Process Definition Interface

Organisational Model

may refer to

Process Definition
is instantiated by inherits properties

may refer to

Audit Specifications
maintain audit trail

External S/W object Process & Activity Control / Interoperability Interface

create, destroy modify

Workflow Manager
may use

create & destroy

Process Instance
provides invocation context

Process Instance History

generates

Workflow Relevant Data

may invoke

Work Item Worklist Handler I/F

processed by

Workflow Enactment Service

may set

Tool Agent Application Invocation I/F

Worklist Handler
presented for action by

Application
may invoke

Participant

1. Workflow Manager may be distributed, but is assumed to maintain consistent internal state 2. Scope of a Process Definition is the enactment service

WorkFlow standardi i jezici

WPDL (Workflow Process Definition Language) - WfMC XPDL (XML Workflow Process Definition Language) WfMC BPMN (Business Process Modelling Notation) - BPMI

BPML (Business Process Modelling Language) BPQL (Business Process Query Language)

BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema) ebXML BPDL (Business Process Describing Language) Stefan Heberl EPC (Event-Driven Process Chains) SAP ICN (The Information-Control Nets) UML 2.0 WSCL (Web Services Composition Languages)

XLANG (Web Services for Business Process Design) Microsoft WSFL (Web Services Flow Language) IBM BPEL4WS (Business Process Execution Language for Web Services) WSCI (Web Services Choreography Interface) - Sun, BEA, Intalio and SAP WS-CDL (Web Services Choreography Description Language) W3C WSCL (Web Services Conversation Language) Web Bond Georgia State University

XML Standardi
XML Schema & DTD

Opis i pakovanje podataka

RDF, RDFS, OWL

Definisanje resursa i semantike podataka

Osnovno pakovanje i slanje poruka Proirenja za Soap-RPC sa WSDL Moe se proiriti za podrku kolaborativnih poruka

Soap

Web Services Choreography Description Language WS-CDL

Globalni pogled na ponaanje skupa Web servisa

Modelovanje koreografije Centralizovan, top-down pristup Proces koji se ne izvrava

Lokalne koreografije mogu biti generisane uz pomo WS-CDL, kao i okvir (skeleton) za orkestraciju

WS-CDL nain korienja

ebXML Arhitektura
Business Process
Context For

Business Messages

Built With

Core Data Blocks

Register Implement one Partner Role

BP Specification
CPA

Dizajn

Implement other Partner Roles

CPP

CPP

Business Service Interface Internal Business App

Transport Package

Business Service Interface Internal Business App

Runtime

ebXML & OMG-EDOC

ebXML

Enterprise Distributed Object Computing

EDOC

Transport Distribution Repository

Enterprise Integration

Collaboration Process Model

Components Information Model

Runtime MDA

Stadardni za kolaboraciju
EDOC-ECA
Business Collaborations Contract of Interaction Yes Community Process Yes Protocol with Choreography & Object Interface Yes Document Model Yes Recursive Composition into Enterprise No Requires technology mapping

ebXML-BPSS
Yes Multi Party Collaboration Yes Binary Collaboration with Choreography and Business Transactions Uses external forms, such as XML Schema No Only B2B Yes As ebXML transport. BPSS includes timing and security parameters. Internet document exchange

Content Model Recursive Composition Detail sufficient to drive communications Computing Models Supported

Internet document exchange, entities, business processes, objects and events

Elementi EDOC-a
Enterprise Collaboration Architecture (PIM)

Component Collaboration Architecture Business Process Specification Entities Business Events Patterns Flow Composition Model (Messaging) EJB & Corba Components ebXML .NET Others

Technology Mapping (PSM in progress)

MAPPING Precise models are source code

Implementacija poslovnih procesa

BPMN
Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC)

UML

Process Design

BPEL4WS

Petri Nets

XPDL

Process Implementation

Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC) - SAP

Start

EPC Symbols
Event

Events

Receive Book Order

Order received

Functions

Function
Check Credit Rating Rating positive Rating negative

Process Interface

AND Split

Write Bill

Reject Order Order rejected

Connectors

AND Join

Bill written

Control Flow Arc

Wrap Book

Book wrapped

Send Book

Book sent

Koncepti u BPEL4WS

Partner Links:
Bilateral conversation (my Role, Partner

Role) Interface requirements of partners

Data and messages:

Variables
Properties Correlation Set

Activities:
Basic Activities Structured Activities (control flow)

BPEL4WS primer
flow sequence
Price Calculation Send Shipping Price Receive Invoice

sequence
Receive Purchase Order Assign Decide on Shipper Receive Schedule

sequence
Initiate Production Scheduling Complete Prod. Scheduling

Reply Process Invoice

receive

invoke

reply

assign

link

Andrews et al.: BPEL4WS 1.1., 2003

Process Design and Implementation

BPMN
Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC)

UML

Process Design

BPEL4WS

Petri Nets

XPDL

Process Implementation

Petrijeve mree - koncepti

Places za definisanje stanja procesa Transitions za definisanje promene stanja Arcs za definisanje kontrolnog toka Tokens za definisanje trenutnog stanja

Petrijeve mree - primer

Price Calculation

Send Shipping Price

Receive Invoice

Receive Purchase Order

Assign

Decide on Shipper

Receive Schedule

Reply Process Invoice

Initiate Production Scheduling

Complete Prod. Scheduling

Dizajn i implementacija procesa

BPMN
Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC)

UML

Process Design

BPEL4WS

Petri Nets

XPDL

Process Implementation

XPDL koncepti

Standard definisan od starne Workflow Management Coalition - WfMC Koristi se u open source workflow engine OBE
Workflow definisan preko aktivnosti i tranzicija Ukljueni su uesnici, aplikacije i podaci

XPDL primer
Create EMail Account t3 t4 Grant access rights Assign phone extension Configure computer a8 a6
<WorkflowProcesses> <WorkflowProcess AccessLevel="PUBLIC" Id="new-employee" Name="New Employee"> <Activities> <Activity Id="a5" Name="Allocate user ID"> <Implementation> <Tool Id="createNetworkUser" Type="PROCEDURE"> <ActualParameters> ... </ActualParameters> </Tool> </Implementation> <Performer>IT</Performer> <StartMode><Automatic/></StartMode> <FinishMode><Automatic/></FinishMode> <TransitionRestrictions> <TransitionRestriction> <Split Type="AND"> <TransitionRefs> <TransitionRef Id="t3"/> <TransitionRef Id="t4"/> <TransitionRef Id="t13"/> <TransitionRef Id="t25"/> <TransitionRef Id="t18"/> </TransitionRefs> </Split> </TransitionRestriction> </TransitionRestrictions> </Activity> ... </Activities> <Transitions> <Transition From="a5" Id="t3" Name="Transition" To="a6"/> ...

a5

Allocate user ID

t13

a7

t25 t18

a4

Enter salary details

a9

Standardizacija modelovanja poslovnih procesa

Zakljuak

Heterogenost standarda za modelovanje poslovnih procesa je i dalje problem Veliki broj standarda koji se preklapaju
Predlog standarda je najee diktiran od strane velikih proizvoaa softvera Analiza semantike je veoma vano pitanje u svim standardima

Literatura
www.omg.org www.w3c.org www.oasis-open.org www.bpmi.org