Criminology and Forensic Science Paper I Content
Criminology and Forensic Science Paper I Content
Criminology and Forensic Science Paper I Content
in/
MPPSC
Main Optional Subject
STUDY MATERIALS
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Content
1. Criminology - Definition and scope Definitions Scope Records Bureau) Trend Analysis Trend Analysis - Major IPC Crimes Incidence of IPC Crimes in Crimes under the Special & Local Laws (SLL) CRIMES IN MEGA CITIES 3. Crimes against children (Nature, extent and legal provisions) Crime Rate (Rate2.7) 4. Crimes against women (Nature, extent and legal provisions) Crime-head wise analysis Crime against Women in Cities (Nature, extent and legal provisions) Crime Against Scheduled Castes 6. Pre-classical and 7. Classical theories of crime Theories of hedonism and deterrence Emergence of Hedonism Classical Theory and Deterrence logical theories, psychological & psychoanalytical theories PHYSIQUE Theories Theories of Mental Deficiency and Feeblemindedness Psychological positivism Social positivism Positivist Theories of Crime and Social Deviance Constructivist Theories of Crime and Social Deviance
5 5 5 6 7 23 23 25 26 28 30 31 33 34 35 35 36 39 39 44 44 44 44 46 46 46 46 47
9. Sociological theories of crime - Differential Association and Anomie Social disorganization (neighborhoods) Social ecology Strain theory (social class) Subcultural theory Control theories Symbolic interactionism Labeling Theory 10. Radical theories of crime - Labelling theory, etc . 11. Punishment - Definition, theories and types Definitions of punishment Theories relating to punishment The philosophical theories of punishment Deterrence Rehabilitation Retribution temporary release and parole Probationary period Temporary Release Parole (Discretionary Conditional Release) 13. Institutional treatment of offenders Treatment Programs for Juvenile Delinquents WHO IS A JUVENILE ? JUVENILE OFFENDERS Historical back ground International Concern Constitutional Provisions in India Judicial Efforts Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2000 Children) Act, 2000 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 52 53 53 54 55 55 56 56
MPPSC Main Optional - CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE (PAPER - I) Extent Of Delinquency In India Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) rape is a minor 57 57 57
Juvenile Justice Board confirms sixth accused in Delhi gang 14. Prisons in India - organisation, Type and functions 58 Prisons in India: An overview of reforms and current situation 61 International Obligations and Guidelines Prison Reforms in India a brief background and overview Prisons Act 1894 The Mulla Committee The Krishna Iyer Committee Subsequent developments 15. Correctional services for jail inmates 16. Juvenile institutional Non Institutional Services 17. Victims of crime and victim-compensation Supreme Court Decision 18. Crime prevention planning 61 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 65 67 68
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Scope
Definitions
The definitions of crimes will vary from place to place, in accordance to the cultural norms and mores, but may be broadly classified as blue-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, political crime, public order crime, state crime, state-corporate crime, and white-collar crime. However, there have been moves in contemporary criminological theory to move away from liberal pluralism, culturalism and postmodernism by introducing the universal term 'harm' into the criminological debate as a replacement for the legal term 'crime'. "Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as social phenomena. It includes within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting towards the breaking of laws. Another definition Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent,
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Criminology focuses on the behaviour that violates the criminal law and seeks explanations for that behaviour. The study of the origin of laws that define certain behaviour as criminal is a primary focus of the sociology of law, although a number of sociologists include in criminology the study of how certain behaviour has come to be defined as criminal. As important as it is to know why laws are passed to criminalize certain behaviour, such knowledge does not explain why certain people violate the law whereas others do not. It is useful to understand the origin of the law of theft, but it is also important to know why some people steal and others do not, and why some of those use force against their victims in robberies whereas use stealth." Certain acts that are considered undesirable are defined by the political society as crimes. In spite of this definition some people persist in the behaviour and thus commit crimes; the political society reacts by punishment, treatment, or prevention. This sequence of interactions is the subject matter of criminology. Crime consists of three principle divisions, as follows: 1. the sociology of law, which is an attempt to systematically analysis the conditions under which criminal laws develop and also an explanation of variations in the policies and procedures used in the administration of criminal justice. 2. Criminal etiology, which is an attempt at scientific analysis of the causes of crime; and 3. Penology, which is concerned with the control of crime. The objective of criminology is the development of a
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