r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

7X@ML
r(L-CMBHB1S@D))UKUOTYT@,AQ@LHJ@
L@K@K@HKSJ-SK@eHUKR-LT@UK(Y@DM@
RU1\@MHMW@MOT2SJWQ@k@<L@K@HS@
U@&CDU(UCM@,ATIDURSTLD`$K@D*XL@S@YT@
r(M@QCU@B
FU-OQLDY@MRU1K@DJ$JM@XJ
JVRQ2US(R@<@3eR@OQLDHtM 
JVCD5X@LG@U@ZX@RS3e@ORTK1L
S-LDUCS3UDMLG@X@DF(sQe@D 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 2 of 23

r(RM3JL@QU@B
R@WTOu3UX@g|MFT@LMT^LL
X@MTF@DHOSX@HCC@M(R3eJ@9XSD 
OTQ@HOS@LG}PU@IF32V@UQILL
HMHU1J@QHMQ@@R2S(4SLBDSRL 
RPU@`$K@D*XLHNKU@F@U@^V@HUWL
@HW*X@@US2U2XOQLDt(IFk 
HC5XU@1XTSSDMSO@DJQLT^LL
SSJC@HB3RI@S@U@:(RU@1V1Y@DHS@ 
GLH2LLG@HU
@RU1U@B@LW(sQ(
LLM@j@RGwSTOCDyX@,XMT^LL 
MDMR2STS@HM3XO(SUU@,XGL
3UX@RuIF3RUU@:(XTHUXHS 
CQG2XOQLLLM@LRGwJL
RU1O@O@$YLMLG@R@Q2USeCL 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 3 of 23

LG@JHU3UCK@DJDU@F(Y3UeC@XJL
3UU@OQOTL@-X2ST2SUDM@MDMS@DXDS 
S2X@GHJJQ(R@<@aHUX@HLMRYX
3XTU@-SC1WDU@:(SC@Q>XHOS@LG 
2ST3U@2S@D`D:HC5XDMS3OHS3ULU@U@M
U@:(XTIF3RUSC@Q>X@U-LTMD 
S^DGReUyX@HLY:TXDMM@QC
R@UW@MLM@43U@<:YT@DLTM(sQ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 4 of 23

U@&U@:(UQC@U-
@UQ@Q@DG@UQeC@
UH^U@1F(sQ(U@S@1UQ@U@F(YU@ 
HUsDsQ(HUsU-
@HUsDYHeXJ@HQ:(
U@&U@HCM(BU@&CDU(UHC@UHJ@HQ:( 
UHU1@HU(BUHuU1HueC@HXM(
HUs@Q@7X@HUsL@S@HUsW@`(HUM@XJ@ 
HUsYHHU1sR@Q@HUs@HUsHU@UQ(
UDC@-SUDHCM(UD
@HU^@UDC`X@H3LJ@ 
UDC\@UDCIMM(HUs@HUsHU@UQ(
UQDZX@U@LX(U@HUHYuHeXJ@HQ:( 
HUsS@DUCM@5X@@5X@HOM(5X@OJ@H3LJ@
5X@(5X@4@F(HUQI@UDCM@HXJ@ 
UDCUDC@-SRUD
@UDC@-S\@MmHO:(
HU@UQ(BHU@-S@HUs@HL`@HUHWHeX@ 
UHQt@HUeJu@BHUeUX1eO4HIS@
UDCmO@UDCLX(UDCL4HS1oU@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 5 of 23

F@$Q(FT:US(F@D/X@F-WU1MFQHeX@
FT:L@S@FTG@-S2V@FTkmO@FTkHeX@ 
HFHQHU
@F@MSTu@F@XJHeXJ@HQ:(
F@X`(HFHQY@Q@7X@F(HF1Q(YHeXJQ( 
HFHQ\@\@MHU
@BHFHQmO@HFQ(sQ(
F(L@1S@F:R2ST3X@F:M(XFT:@H-US@ 
F4%mO@FTG@F@D/X@F@DmO@F@$FT1:@H3LJ@
FTU(1FTU1H,AJ@FT@FDXI@FGM@HYM( 
FHG:(FGC@D(FU(FTkU3RK@
FG@H3LJ@FG@Q@7X@FGA@W@HUM@HYM( 
F@HFHQRTS@F,X@FIX@M@FTG2STS@
FkE@RMRRD5X@F@DLS(FT:Y@HKM( 
Y@QC@Y@sS(Y$U(Y@JQ(YJQ@H3LJ@
r(YU@1:(YS(BYQ-HM@MM@ 
YHL1t@YLM(BYSR@GwmHO:(
HYU@Y,THeX@r@rTHSmO@rTHSHeX@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 6 of 23

YTHBLS(YL1JQ(YTHC@YTHmHO:(
HYU@HYUJQ(YT@HYU@Q@7X@HYU@H3LJ@ 
r(LS(r(LX(r@5X@rTHSrU:F@DBQ@
Y@H-SY@H-SJQ(Y@-S@Y@-S@B@QHeXJQ( 
Y(KK>X@Y(KUS(r(L@S@YTJ@HQ:(
YTU@:(YTHU
@YTHB^eO4HIS@ 
r(JQ(rTSO@O(YT@<(YTHBU@
HYUDSQ(YAQ(rU:(XFT:@H-US@ 
Y@Q(HYQ(OTO@@YLHMt@YL@H3LJ@
YL@H-US@YL@Q@7X@HYHSJZ0eO4HIS@ 
YTHYTHJQ(rDt@rTS@M-S@YT@UG@
RQ2US(BRU1\@RU1HRHeC@HXM( 
RQ2US(BR@HU`(R7X@RUD1H/RSeC@
RU@1HS1(RU1LX(RU1HU
@eC@HXM( 
RUD1sQ(RU1OTZX@RF1H2V3X-SJ@HQ:(
RU@1Q@7X@RU1L@S@RU1CDUHMDHUS@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 7 of 23

RU$1sX1eC@R3X@RS(R3UFT:@rX@
2UQLOC@J@Q@RU1C@DHM4HCM( 
RGw@<(RGw@2X@RGwOCRXTS@
RGwG2S@R@GwFT:@KJSHUG@ 
RGwY(@1RO@2UW@2U@G@RTW@LX(
EH-VDHCM(RD5X@RU1K@DJ$JO4HIS@ 
2ST3X@2STHSLX(R@7X@RHUSHeXJ@HQ:(
RYX"#DHCM(R@.XUD
@R.X@RC(sQ( 
HRHC@HRR,O4)X@RU1HRHeC@HXM(
RU1\@RU1YHoRU1R,O3eC@HXM( 
RU@1YT(RTNC@RTN@RHU32UmHO:(
RU1R,(:(RU1IF3R,L@DHGM(SV@ 
RU1HeXJQ(RU1YTC@RU1L@
RU1LLX(RU1S(V1OTZX KeC@ 
RU1OTZXLX(RU15X@HW(RU1J@LC@
RU1HUGQ(RU1UH-CS@RU1L@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 8 of 23

RU1LJQ(RU1KyL(RU1FT:@H-US@
RU@1M-CLX(RU1\@MC@R3XM@HXJ@ 
RU1\@MLX(RU1Q@)XC@RU1LHT C@
RTe@RU1C@RU@1RU1K@DJUYJQ( 
RTF@RT-CQ(HR@HR@,A@HRL@SJ@
HRL@S@HRHU
@HRDY(HRmHO:( 
RTmHO:(RTNLX(RDUJHeXJ@HQ:(
2U@HLM(RU1C@RD5X@2V4KR4yL@OQ@H,AJ@ 
R@QmO@RQ@DmO@R3X4S@RL@rX@
HRS@HRS@RQ@DI@<(RQ@DI@RMU@ 
RQ@DkG@@RU@1(RTQD-@HCeO4HIS@
LG@CDU(LGDY@M(LG@R@Q2USeC@ 
LG@RQ2US(LT@LTHC@LKM@HYM(
LGDsQ(LG@M-C@LG@LLX(LG( 
LG@KyL(L1G@HU
@L@S@L-CQU@HRM(
LF,X@LL@S@LG@L KeC@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 9 of 23

LG@LTHL1G@HM3X@LG@HRHeC@HXM(
LG@HR@LG@L@S@LGC@J@QRXTS@ 
LG@LGDsQ(L4HS1L@D1<C@LH:4:@
LDMJ@L@HMM(L@-X@L3XT(LDkmHO:( 
LHCQ@<(LC@U@R@LNmO@LNDsQ(
LG@L@DG@LG@L@X@L@S:@L4H1RH2VS@ 
LG@OTZX@LTC@U@R@LG@R,O3eC@HXM(
LH:O4Q$JHMKX@LWTmO@LG@D3JP@ 
LG@R4yL@LG@Y@-S@LG@Y@H-SeC@HXM(
LTHM2STS@L@DGG(L@WU(L@WUHeX@ 
L@LG@CDUR2ST3X@LHG(F:O4HIS@
Lu@C@BL@GD-(LGD-OCC@HXM( 
LHSL1HSeC@LDW@L3X1K@DJHMU@HRM(
LT.X@LG@HMU@R@BLG@@&XIM@HrS@ 
LHG@LHGL@L3XTG@Q(LDW@eC@HXM(
LD7X@LG@UDFUS(LG@L@D< KeC@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 10 of 23

LG@e@@LGS(LG@CDUHeXJQ(
LG@O@D@LGH1oLT@G@QHU4:@ 
L@H:*X4:@L@LT.XB-@W1YDNQ@
LM@DmO@LMYTHLMYTHeC@HXM( 
LG@J@kZXR,O4:@1LM@DMLMUH-CS@
LG@O@SJI@K(LTHC@LT4:@ 
LM@D-LM(LG@2V4K@LG@ST KeC@
LG@OTZX Ke@/X@L@X@H`OTQM@HYM( 
LG@MR@LG@LDW@LG@L@DC@LGDsQ(
L@K@WQ(LG@DO@X@LG@S(V1 KeC@ 
LG@LR,O4:@1LG@C@HQM@HYM(
LG@LN@LG@LD@LG@J@(LG@HeX@ 
LG@4@LG@CDG@LG@Q@\(LTC@KX@
4HQC@@&XC@@D&X@@D&XC@@DFC@HXM( 
U@M(4HSC@4HS4HL41HLRTM@HXJ@
4SW@`(XGQ(R@Q2USeC@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 11 of 23

THT1HeC@DJ(H1HeC@HXM(
R@XT)XC@2UF1C@Q@)XC@ 
@F(QV(U@Q@7X@@&X@RMO4HIS@
U2ST3X@@MTLS(UR@FQS@Q:( 
4HS41@B4SDY( @KK@DBMO4HIS@
4S@5X@HUX@BUHU
@U@H3LJ@ 
A@W@OG@HQ:(A-WTmO@TUMO4HIS@
U(HK>X@BQ<:S3OQ@ 
@HS1YLM(@&X@@DFC@MJS@D
L@
TI4:@(L@(L@<((LmHO:( 
@HUM(@SmO@B@QS(UM@HXJ@
@@@@US((L@$QU($QUHeX@ 
4HS@1HRSRU@1(4HSC@4HSM@HXJ@
@2US(FL@K@BH<@C@MJS@D
L@ 
H<TmO@HJQ(KyL(eC@HXM(
@H-S@@H-SmO@B4HSC@4HSJ@HQ:( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 12 of 23

H<:(X@H<TL@S@@&XUHuF@DBQ@
@DFUS(@DFmO@@DFL@D< KeC@ 
@DFr@-S@@&XUS(@@$HUM@HYM(
g@|(g|2UmO@BAGS(g|U@ 
g|C@g|L@S@Bg|@:(g|C@HXM(
g|DY(g|R2ST3X@g|UD
@ATWHeX@ 
A@KD-YDNQ@A@K@AHKO4I@JQHeX@
AKC@HA-mO@BA@KR4X1RLe@ 
g|mO@g|LX(gLZEKL7XF@
g|@:(ATHC@ATHAT1HmO@ATWDsQ( 
A-W<XJQ(A@WM@YM(A-WTmHO:(
HA-b@KX@HA-4@HA-M@CRLH-US@ 
A(ImO@A(IL@S@g|ZX@g|J@HQ:(
AmO@AKUS(g|I@g|B@HQ:( 
g|2ST3X@g|HU
@g|@ZE@HWOU@
g|DYHU:TmO@Bg|HUZU(YRH2VS@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 13 of 23

ATHmO@ATWDY@M(A-W(A-WHUL@DBM(
<L@K@<Q@J@Q@<Q@<Q KeC@ 
M-S@M-CRTNC@M-SB-HM@MM@
M-SLHGL@@DQ@M-SF,(QRH,LS@ 
}u@}uC@M-S@}u@&X KeC@
k-W3X5XX(M@V@MDJR:RXTS@ 
MDJ4:@}9X@MDJKDNHMDHUS@
M-S@M-SRTNC@@DQ@@DQ2UmHO:( 
YDCDUS@mO@LSmO@LSDsQ(
MU
@MDJG2S@MDJL@H:*X4:@ 
MDJHURG`(1MDJ@Q:@H-US@
HU
@\@MRG`(1HU
@I@KM@HYM( 
HmO@MU
@(eS*X1FHSeC@
JJ@mHO:(BMTGOQ@X:@ 
,AQ2V@,AQLX@,AQL@K@,ATID<:@
H,AJ@fJQ@f2V@YTL3XYTYS@H-US@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 14 of 23

,ATI@MUQ@NZE@,ATI@RMLG@HeX@
IQ@LQRRD5X@IQRDHUSO
TF@ 
STK@V1eC@V$1*X@3XTC@Q@3UX@H-US@
M@VU3RK@M-SHeX@M-SDH/RSeC@ 
,ATI@yX,ATmO@,ATI@S@DaULG@HeX@
NZE@3ULQ2ST3X@LQM@XJO4HIS@ 
IDX@3UIRJ@Y@\@MM@HY-X(uC@
@MDM@B@vDY(KyL(M@HYM(SV@ 
M-SR@Q@M-Sr(QM-SHUHWO4HIS@
(u@L3X1R,O4)X@2S@DCXHUUHI1S@ 
@H2SJ2U@-SHMKX@vmO@vUS(SV@
2NK3X2NKO@2NKHb
@eC@HXM( 
2NKH3RHC@M-C@,ATI@S@LQM@HXJ@
LDX@YDO@O-X<XR@Q2USeC@ 
IX@IX-S(IXC@I-LJL1HUUHI1S@
IFH3eX@IF-L@S@IFC(sQU@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 15 of 23

I@HSI1X@HIS@HL`@I/X@IOMJ@HQ:(
I(UM(I(UHMKX@I(U@.X@I(UW@HQ:( 
I@{U()X@IOUS(I@HSmO@IXeC@
IM@C1MHeXJQ(I@DM(X@IFH32VS@ 
IF))XDt@IF-L@X@I(UM`@:J@HQ:(
I(U@STKHSJ@I(UI-L(I-LHMAG1:( 
I@EHU7URMJQ(IF
@DHMI1X@H3LJ@
IFC@M-CIMM(I,A4oIKID<:@ 
IX-S(IO4F(IHMS\@MHUG@
IP@IP@US(I/X@IOJS1HeXJQ( 
IOJ3O@ORG`(1IOJ3 KC@HXM(
IO@OTORLe.X@IO@JRTLW@HQ:( 
IMM(I-LQHGS@)X@DHSU13XHC@HXM(
IP@I4PMB-@W@1IF3RHuJQ(SV@ 
IF3`@:JQ(I@E7URJ`(1IXDsQ(
IF(I@IX@U@R@I-L4I1-LM@HYM( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 16 of 23

I-L@-3XQHGS@I$`(IF
@DHMI1O@H3LJ@
IXK<:R,O4:@1IXC@MJS@D
L@ 
I,Q@
@HCR2ST3X@I,@HQ KC@HXM(
IF3`XHGS@)XDt@IF3`XUYJQ( 
IF3`X@,A@IFS()U@K@)U@HKSK@DBM@
)U@HKM()UKM@@R@)UK-S()UKM@H3LJ@ 
HIS@Q@HSRTQ2ST3X@HIS@DW@HISDH-X@
IQ@LQ:Y4-X@BIHM`(I-LM@HYM( 
IKI@@IKLX(IKI@RMU@
IKI2V@IO@Q@7X@IMLJ@HQ:( 
J@HLM(J@LmO@BJ@,X@J@LeC@HXM(
JL@$(J@LC@J`(1STJL1 KeC@ 
JS(HX@mO@J@X1J@Q:mHO:(
J@<(Jk:@mO@JDUK@LQRDHUS@ 
J+X@:J@HQ:(J@-S@J@H-SC@J@H-SmHO:(
JLK@JLK@U@R@JLK@D3OKL@HKM( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 17 of 23

JLTbS(BJ+X@:(J@H-SJ@LDYU@
J@LDsQ(JLHKM(J@LC@J@LAH-WM( 
J@LWDMTJ@M@<(J@M@@J@HMHW
HX@J(HS1JQ(J(HS1STrDt@JSDsQ( 
STRU1HX@2ST3X@STJH3eXJ@HQ:(
DYM@YJQ(J`(1JL1C@JL1AH-WM( 
JL1A-WGQ(Ju@L(JK@DBM@
J-CO1IMM(J@-S@Jk:@Jk:@US( 
(J@HQ:(JO@J@Q@JO@HR-WTJO@US(
Jk:@@1J(HS1JQ(J+L(HX@JQ( 
HX@YHJ@LmO@JLK@D3OKFH-WM(
J@J@US(JL(1JP2V@JRH2VS@ 
J@HJ@J+L(BJLM(XIP@H-US@
JQO@JQ@(ueC@ST KeC@ 
J@$HYJ(J@DYC@J@5X@J`(1J@DYDsQ(JY@
JL1X@M@J+OKS@J@KJPHUM@HYM( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 18 of 23

J+O@D
@MUS(J+OUM2V@J+OJ@HQ:(
JC,AJRTL@@R@JC,AJRTLHeX@ 
JC,A@D
@ML7X2V@J(HS1C@J(HS14:@
JKL@S@JK@U@R@JK@B@QHeXJQ( 
JK@M@V@J@LJ@J@M@V@JDsQ(
J-CL-C@QOTO@@JOC1H2VSBH-J@ 
JHU3UC@J@5XL@S@JHUL@S@J@eC@
Sk:(Sk:(S@S@S@Q@HWORL@MM@ 
SH2SHeC@S*X@1SOM(S@HOM(SV@
SO1:(S(V1mO@BH`CY@H`CYDsQ( 
H`HCUDY(H`IMM(H`L@S@X,AJDsQ(
H`OTQ@H`OTQDY@M(X,AJ@H`OTQ@H,AJ@ 
H`OTQr(vX(mO@`X(UD
@`X(sQ(
`8X-SUDHCM(S@l@S@OH`SXG@HQ:( 
SL@KR}Y(`@S@Sk:@HC3XRH@
`$K@D*X5X@HOM(S@SHJ^3UmHO:( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 19 of 23

STX@1`$K@D*XR2ST3X@H`FT:@H`FT:DsQ(
H`OTQ(H`L@S@BX,AJ@H`FT:@H-US@ 
S:@"#DCJQ(S@S(y:@S(y:2UmHO:(
STK@STK@HCQHGS@S^Cg|2UmHO:( 
`@:J`(1H`O@O(H`OC@H`CY@H-US@
S6X@H`YHHvOC@STX@1`$K@D*XRT-CQ( 
SDI2JQ(H`L43X@1
@SDI@DmO@H`W@LS@
H`BJ`(1H`F@STX@1S(S KeC@ 
SDIH2UM(S@OG@Q(S@O@DO/KUM@HYM(
SDI@DF@1SOR@Q@H`OTQ@HQHeXJQ( 
S-U(S@ORRSTu@SOM@I(HSMTS
H`K@DBM@H`L@F@1BSS(X@H`CY2STS@ 
H`RT-CQ(H`OVF@STQ(XOCC@HXM(
YT@YT@US(Y@-S@Y@H-SC@YTC@HXM( 
Y(S@Y4HKM(Y(S@r(LS(BYT@H-US@
X@DFHRHeC@X@D&X@X\DMOHQO4HQS@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 20 of 23

X)X@X\LX(X<(XH<:(XH<U@
X\HeX@X\O4)X@X\STu@XL2STS@ 
X@HLM(Xe@X@,X@XIM(X@XY2JQ(
X\J`(1X\mO@XY@DC@X\R2STS@ 
X\DY(X\ KC@X@DFX@DHMX1IT2STS@
XHLRD5X@XL@Q@7X@XHLO4)X@XL(sQ( 
X@DHFM(X@DFmO@BX@DFJS1HeXJQ(
X@DFXT@X@DFLX(X@DFX@DF(sQ@H,AJ@ 
X@DF\@MLX(X@DHMX1L@
u@X@DFS@
XHS@@$RG@Q@XLK@DJHMU@HQ:( 
XHu5Xu(YR2ST3X@XL@
u@X@DFXTJ
X@DF(sQ(X@DFL@S@X@DFHR@BX@DFC@ 
X@DF@m%@X@DFLX(X@DFmO@XU(XR(
XmO@BX2V@XO4)X@BXHS@ 
XTFJ`(1XTFLX(XTFWL1HUUHI1S@
XLTM@XHLM(X@,X@XLTM@IKL7XF@ 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 21 of 23

X@S@X@SeYLM(X@SM@M@HJ-SM(
X@DF@U@R@X@DHFU-
@X^"#!C2UmHO:( 
X@DF<DLLX(X@X@UC<QL@SJ@
X@U3OCLX(X@U"#!CmO@XVDsQ( 
X^C(X@X<U-
@XHb
@XHSR2STS@
X@UHb
@LX(X@UHb
@A-CRTUH-CS@ 
X@DHFz3OHMKX@X@DHFUX1HeXJQ(
X@DHFU-
@X@DHFL@S@X@DF(Y KC@HXM( 
X<U-
@X<O4)X@X<Q@IRTO4HIS@
X\mO@X\STu@X@XI4J2UmHO:( 
X@Q@7X@XL7X@XJS1HeXJQ(
X@m%@XO4)X@X@DHF7X@MOQ@X:@ 
XIM(X@XL2ST3X@X@DFXT@XY2JQ(
X@DFA@XHS2ST3X@X@DF\@X@DFM@XJ( 
X@DHF\@MeC@X<(XLA@W@HUM@HYM(
X@DHFJ@,XeC@`(BX@DHFL@D<eC@HXM( 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 22 of 23

HSM@j@RQ2U3X@RGwRLTC(HQSL
L@3LJLG@F@D/XLG@R@Q2USeCL 
XO0D"#:TX@aX@H`J@KR@WJOTL@M
RU1HU
@HMHWR@<@SRUUHSTUL 
KSDROCRU@1OT`O@$`@HCRXTS@
L4J@DHORU1HU
@RTBSTLT1NU@OQ 
43U@e@@DHSR@H7X -SDW@STLT1M(sQ
RU1LLXRU1HU
@L@M KeCL 
LG@JHU3UCOTR@LG@HRHeC@XJL
J2L$HBeC@S5Xe@:$JZ0FS$QHO 
LG@QG2XRSSU@:(M@LRGwJL
RTHRL2LC@C(M@2S@D`SDRLTC(HQSL 

r(LG@RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`L

Page 23 of 23

HSr(2J@-COTQ@:@-SF1S
RM3JL@QRHGS@X@M@QCRM3JL@QRU@CD
RQ2US(RGwM@L2S@D`LR,O4:1L