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Rapid advances in digital technology and artificial intelligence in recent years have already begun to transform many industries, and are beginning to make headway into healthcare. There is tremendous potential for new digital technologies to improve the care of surgical patients. In this special collection, we highlight work being done to advance surgical care using machine learning, computer vision, wearable devices, remote patient monitoring, virtual and augmented reality, and more. The pieces included in this collection explore the many ways these technologies can be used to improve the practice of surgery, and discuss opportunities and challenges to their widespread adoption in operating rooms and at the bedside including equity and cybersecurity.
Cybersecurity is an increasingly important concern for reliable healthcare delivery and is particularly salient for robotic surgery. Surgical robots are complex systems with numerous points of vulnerability, and there have been real-world demonstrations of successful cyberattacks on surgical robots. There are several ways to improve the risk profile of robotic surgery, including recognizing system complexity, investing in regular software updates, following cybersecurity best-practices, and increasing transparency for all stakeholders. As robotic surgery continues to technologically advance, ensuring overall system safety from a cybersecurity perspective is paramount.