Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled.
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (2)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = upholstery materials in seats

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
22 pages, 9907 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigations on the Propagation of Fire in a Railway Carriage
by Matthew Craig and Taimoor Asim
Energies 2020, 13(19), 4999; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13194999 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
In this study, advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based numerical simulations have been performed in order to analyse fire propagation in a standard railway compartment. A Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) has been employed to mimic real world scenarios associated with fire propagation within railway [...] Read more.
In this study, advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based numerical simulations have been performed in order to analyse fire propagation in a standard railway compartment. A Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) has been employed to mimic real world scenarios associated with fire propagation within railway carriages in order to develop safety guidelines for railway passengers. Comprehensive parametric investigations on the effects of ignition location, intensity and cabin upholstery have been carried out. It has been observed that a fire occurring near the exits of the carriage results in a lower smoke layer height, due to the local carriage geometry, than an identical fire igniting at the center of the carriage. This in turn causes the smoke density along the aisleway to vary by around 30%. Reducing the ignition energy by half has been found to restrict combustion, thus reducing smoke density and carbon exhaust gases, reducing the average temperature from 170 °C to 110 °C. Changing the material lining of the seating has been found to cause the most significant change in output parameters, despite its relative insignificance in bulk mass. A polyester sample produces a peak carbon monoxide concentration of 7500 ppm, which is 27× greater compared with nylon. This difference has been found to be due to the fire spread and propagation between fuels, signifying the polyester’s unsuitability for use in railway carriages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Multiphase Flows for Renewable Energy)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) Siemens Viaggio Comfort [<a href="#B35-energies-13-04999" class="html-bibr">35</a>]. (<b>b</b>) Side view of modelled carriage as modelled in Smokeview.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Ignition and air-conditioning within the railway carriage.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Mesh independence results.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Smoke distribution due to varying ignition position after (<b>a</b>) 10 s; (<b>b</b>) 30 s; (<b>c</b>) 50 s; (<b>d</b>) 100 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Smoke density comparison for different ignition positions. (<b>b</b>) Smoke mass comparison for different ignition positions.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Gas temperature variations along the central plane of carriage after 40 s, 80 s and 120 s for (<b>a</b>) central ignition and (<b>b</b>) front ignition.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature profile comparison due to ignition position. (<b>b</b>) Carbon gases concentrations for different ignition positions.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Smoke distribution due to varying ignition energy at (<b>a</b>) 10 s, (<b>b</b>) 30 s, (<b>c</b>) 50 s, (<b>d</b>) 100 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>(<b>a</b>) Smoke density comparison due to varying ignition energy. (<b>b</b>) Smoke mass variations due to different ignition energy.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Temperature variations along the central plane of the carriage after 40 s, 80 s and 120 s for (<b>a</b>) high ignition model and (<b>b</b>) low ignition model.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature variations due to ignition energy. (<b>b</b>) Carbon gases concentrations for different ignition energies.</p> Full article ">Figure 11 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature variations due to ignition energy. (<b>b</b>) Carbon gases concentrations for different ignition energies.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Smoke distribution for different seating materials after (<b>a</b>) 10 s, (<b>b</b>) 30 s, (<b>c</b>) 50 s, (<b>d</b>) 100 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>(<b>a</b>) Smoke density comparison for different seating materials. (<b>b</b>) Smoke mass variations for different seating materials.</p> Full article ">Figure 13 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) Smoke density comparison for different seating materials. (<b>b</b>) Smoke mass variations for different seating materials.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Flame spread within the polyester-type lining after 125 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Temperature variations along the central plane of carriage after 40 s, 80 s and 120 s for (<b>a</b>) PN6 model and (<b>b</b>) PLY model.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature comparison due to cabin upholstery. (<b>b</b>) Carbon gases concentrations for different upholstery materials.</p> Full article ">Figure 16 Cont.
<p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature comparison due to cabin upholstery. (<b>b</b>) Carbon gases concentrations for different upholstery materials.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 2391 KiB  
Article
Fire Characteristics of Upholstery Materials in Seats
by Linda Makovická Osvaldová, Iveta Marková, Miroslava Vandlíčková, Stanislava Gašpercová and Michal Titko
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093341 - 11 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3785
Abstract
The article deals with selected upholstery flammability test materials that, in the case of fire, can cause fire spread. For the research, frequently used materials for upholstery based on polyester were utilized: imitation leather, suede, and microplush. Initiation of initiating spontaneous flammability with [...] Read more.
The article deals with selected upholstery flammability test materials that, in the case of fire, can cause fire spread. For the research, frequently used materials for upholstery based on polyester were utilized: imitation leather, suede, and microplush. Initiation of initiating spontaneous flammability with various sources of ignition were measured including a smoldering cigarette and a match flame. Results were measured as smoldering time and length of the burnt-though sample. Upholstery materials are an integral part of seat construction. To be used in transport, upholstered material must meet safety measures such as the strength, sanitariness, and fire resistance. All tests were performed in accordance with applicable technical standards. Impact assessment of the sample (weight) on “smoldering time” and “length of degradation” was carried out using an ANOVA. Significant differences in length of degradation was observed between samples. Tests cannot provide reliable information about the flammability course of the final product. Upholstery is composed of external covering, of inner liner, and padding. Results of the research presented in this paper indicate the need to continue the research in a broader aspect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Issues in Aerospace and their Impact on Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>Pictures of the three samples. (<b>a</b>) Imitation leather, (<b>b</b>) suede, and (<b>c</b>) microplush.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Test equipment. (<b>a</b>) underlying panel and (<b>b</b>) upholstery for the experiment.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The experiment using a burning cigarette on (<b>a</b>) Sample 1, (<b>b</b>) Sample 2, and (<b>c</b>) Sample 3.</p> Full article ">Figure 3 Cont.
<p>The experiment using a burning cigarette on (<b>a</b>) Sample 1, (<b>b</b>) Sample 2, and (<b>c</b>) Sample 3.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The experiment with Sample 2 using an equivalent to a match. (<b>a</b>) Ignition by the equivalent of match, and (<b>b</b>) residual after experiment.</p> Full article ">
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop