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Search Results (6)

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Keywords = medial tibial stress syndrome

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9 pages, 1144 KiB  
Communication
Classifications Based on Dynamic Navicular Drop during Gait and Characteristics of Flat Foot Muscle Morphology
by Kengo Fukuda, Kazunori Okamura, Tomohiro Ikeda, Kohei Egawa and Shusaku Kanai
Biomechanics 2024, 4(4), 633-641; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4040045 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 470
Abstract
This study investigated the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) as a risk factor for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), hypothesizing that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles to prevent MLA collapse can lead to disability. Twenty healthy adults (age: 20.8 ± 0.8, [...] Read more.
This study investigated the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) as a risk factor for medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), hypothesizing that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles to prevent MLA collapse can lead to disability. Twenty healthy adults (age: 20.8 ± 0.8, height: 162.2 ± 10.4, weight: 54.9 ± 9, BMI: 20.8 ± 1.7) (39 feet) with a foot posture index score below 6 and no recent lower extremity orthopedic history participated. Ultrasonography measured foot muscle cross-sectional areas, while three-dimensional motion analysis using VICON assessed foot kinematics during gait, focusing on navicular height at initial contact (ICNH) and dynamic navicular drop (DND) during the stance phase. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on ICNH and DND compared muscle cross-sectional areas between clusters using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. The analysis indicated that ICNH was lower in clusters 1 and 3 than in cluster 2, and DND was smaller in clusters 1 and 2 than in cluster 3. Although there was no significant difference in muscle cross-sectional area between the clusters, the flexor hallucis longus tended to be thicker in cluster 1 than in cluster 3 (p = 0.051). The findings suggest that flexor digitorum longus may help prevent MLA compression during loading, indicating that overuse of extrinsic foot muscles may contribute to MTSS development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Biomechanics and Orthopedics of the Lower Extremity)
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<p>Navicular height during the stance phase of gait and the definition of dynamic navicular drop. Dynamic navicular drop was defined as the difference between navicular height at initial contact and minimum value during the stance phase of gait.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The marker attachment positions. DCA, distal end of the calcaneus; NAV, navicular tuberosity; 1 MH, medial aspect of the first metatarsal head; 5 MH, lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Ward’s minimum variance linkage dendrogram of the hierarchical cluster analysis of medial longitudinal arch kinematics during gait representing the 3-cluster solution. Three groups are highlighted in red color for cluster 1, green for cluster 2, and blue for cluster 3.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Navicular height during the stance phase of gait in 3 clusters. Three groups are highlighted by red color for cluster 1, green for cluster 2, and blue for cluster 3.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 1443 KiB  
Article
An Elastic Foot Orthosis for Limiting the Increase of Shear Modulus of Lower Leg Muscles after a Running Task: A Randomized Crossover Trial
by Kodai Sakamoto, Megumi Sasaki, Chie Tsujioka and Shintarou Kudo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215212 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
Background: Excessive foot pronation may be attributed to an increasing burden on leg muscles during running, which might be a factor in medial tibial stress syndrome. We developed an elastic foot orthosis (EFO) that can decrease foot pronation and aimed to identify whether [...] Read more.
Background: Excessive foot pronation may be attributed to an increasing burden on leg muscles during running, which might be a factor in medial tibial stress syndrome. We developed an elastic foot orthosis (EFO) that can decrease foot pronation and aimed to identify whether this orthosis could limit the increase in lower leg muscle hardness after running. Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover trial with an elastic or sham foot orthosis (SFO). All volunteers ran on a treadmill for 60 min while wearing either orthosis. Muscle hardness of the posterior lower leg was assessed using shear wave elastography before and after running. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare muscle hardness between the two orthotic conditions. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two orthotic conditions before running (p > 0.05). After running, the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) hardness in the EFO group was significantly lower than that in the SFO group (p < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the other muscles. Conclusion: The results suggest that the EFO can restrict the increase in FDL hardness with running. The EFO may be an effective orthotic treatment for medial tibial stress syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sport and Health)
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<p>CONSORT diagram. EFO; elastic foot orthosis, SFO; sham foot orthosis.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The measurement positions of the lower leg muscles (<bold>a</bold>). Elastographic ultrasound images (<bold>b</bold>). FDL: flexor digitorum longus; SOL: soleus; GM: gastrocnemius medialis; GL: gastrocnemius lateralis; PL: peroneus longus; PB: peroneus brevis. CL: cleavage line of the knee joint; FH: head of fibula; LM: lateral malleolus; MM: medial malleolus; PC: popliteal crease.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The pictures of the EFO and SFO. The EFO is composed of a deep part (D), superior part (S), and two types of thin hard films (F1 and F2) (<bold>a</bold>). The SFO was manufactured similarly to the EFO, but without F1 (<bold>b</bold>). The medial and the anterior views of the EFO (<bold>c</bold>,<bold>d</bold>). The orthoses are fastened using Velcro.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 713 KiB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Patients with Exercise-Induced Leg Pain
by Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez, Jerónimo C. García-Romero, José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, Tomás Ponce-García, Javier Benítez-Porres and Joaquín Páez-Moguer
Medicina 2022, 58(7), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070841 - 23 Jun 2022
Viewed by 2817
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To determine the most commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in exercise-induced leg pain (EILP) and to identify specific PROMs for EILP in order to evaluate their psychometric properties and methodological quality. Materials and Methods: A strategic search [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: To determine the most commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in exercise-induced leg pain (EILP) and to identify specific PROMs for EILP in order to evaluate their psychometric properties and methodological quality. Materials and Methods: A strategic search was performed in different databases to identify and extract the characteristics of studies based on the use of PROMs in patients with EILP. Specific PROMs were evaluated according to the Terwee et al. and COSMIN criteria. Results: Fifty-six studies were included in the review. The Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Score (MTSSS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire (EILP-Q) were identified as specific PROMs for EILP. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was the most widely used instrument in the assessment of EILP. The methodological quality assessment showed six positive values for the LEFS, four for the MTSSS and three for the EILP-Q for the eight psychometric properties analyzed according to the COSMIN criteria. The evaluation of the nine psychometric properties according to Terwee showed five positive values for the LEFS and MTSSS, and three for the EILP-Q. Conclusions: The overall methodological quality of the PROMs used was low. The VAS was the most widely used instrument in the assessment of EILP, and the LEFS was the highest quality PROM available for EILP, followed by the MTSSS and EILP-Q, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)
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<p>PRISMA Flow Diagram [<a href="#B44-medicina-58-00841" class="html-bibr">44</a>]. For more information, visit <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org" target="_blank">www.prisma-statement.org</a> accessed on 26 May 2022.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Number of patients assessed with each PROM.PROM = Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; VAS = Visual Analog Scale; MTSSS = Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Score; EILP-Q = Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire; NPRS-11 = Numerical Pain Rating Scale-11; LEFS = Lower Extremity Functional Scale; FAAM = Foot and Ankle Ability Measures; SANE = Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation; SF-12 = Short Form-12; SF-36 = Short Form-36 (SF-36) and VRS = Verbal Rating Scale.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 1443 KiB  
Article
Identifying Running Deviations in Long Distance Runners Utilizing Gait Profile Analysis: A Case Control Study
by Sam Khamis, Ron Gurel, Moran Arad and Barry Danino
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10898; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210898 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to utilize Gait Profile Score (GPS) and Gait Deviation Index (GDI), to assess its capability of differentiating between injured and non-injured runners. Design: In total, 45 long-distance runners (15 non-injured, 30 injured), diagnosed with one of [...] Read more.
Objective: The goal of this study was to utilize Gait Profile Score (GPS) and Gait Deviation Index (GDI), to assess its capability of differentiating between injured and non-injured runners. Design: In total, 45 long-distance runners (15 non-injured, 30 injured), diagnosed with one of the following running related injuries, patella femoral pain syndrome, iliotibial pain syndrome, and medial tibial stress syndrome, were recruited. Methods: Data were obtained from a running analysis gait laboratory equipped with eight infrared motion-capturing cameras and a conventional treadmill. Running kinematics were recorded according to the Plug-In Gait model, measuring running deviations of the pelvis and lower extremities at a sampling rate of 200 Hz. GPS and GDI were calculated integrating pelvis and lower limb kinematics. Movement Analysis Profile results were compared between injured and non-injured runners. The non-parametric two-sample Wilcoxson test determined whether significant kinematic differences were observed. Results: Total GPS score significantly differed between the injured and non-injured runners. Not all running kinematics expressed by GDI differed between groups. Conclusions: GPS score was capable of discriminating between the injured and non-injured runners’ groups. This new running assessment method makes it possible to identify running injuries using a single numerical value and evaluate movements in individual joints. Full article
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<p>An example of a VICON Motion System skeletal image of a runner from the injured group with marker placement (anterior superior iliac spine, sacrum, lateral thigh, lateral knee, lateral shank, lateral ankle, heel, and forefoot bilaterally).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Movement Analysis Profile: median and interquartile range (IQR) root mean square (RMS) difference from control mean. Injured runners: left in red, right in blue, overall in green. Non-injured runners in black. Pelvis Ant/pst—Anterior/Posterior Pelvic tilt; Hip Flx/Ext—Hip Flexion/Extension; Knee Flx/Ext—Knee Flexion/Extension; Ankle Dor/Pla—Ankle Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion; Pelvic Up/Dn—Pelvic Obliquity; Hip Add/Abd—Hip Adduction/Abduction; Pelvic Int/Ext—Pelvic Internal/External Rotation; Hip Int/Ext—Hip Internal/External Rotation; Foot Int/Ext—Foot Internal/External progression angle. (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Pelvis and lower limb kinematics of injured and non-injured running groups: injured group; left in red, right in blue. Non-injured group in grey.</p> Full article ">
13 pages, 1129 KiB  
Review
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Novice and Recreational Runners: A Systematic Review
by Claudia Menéndez, Lucía Batalla, Alba Prieto, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Irene Crespo and Hugo Olmedillas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207457 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 13596
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the existing literature about medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in novice and recreational runners. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases were searched until July 2020. Studies covering risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment methods and time [...] Read more.
This systematic review evaluates the existing literature about medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in novice and recreational runners. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases were searched until July 2020. Studies covering risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment methods and time to recovery of MTSS in novice and recreational runners were selected. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The risk factors of MTSS are mainly intrinsic and include higher pelvic tilt in the frontal plane, peak internal rotation of the hip, navicular drop and foot pronation, among others. Computed tomography (CT) and pressure algometry may be valid instruments to corroborate the presence of this injury and confirm the diagnosis. Regarding treatment procedures, arch-support foot orthoses are able to increase contact time, normalize foot pressure distribution and similarly to shockwave therapy, reduce pain. However, it is important to take into account the biases and poor methodological quality of the included studies, more research is needed to confirm these results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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<p>Flow diagram of study selection process. MTSS: medial tibial stress syndrome.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Factors commonly associated with foot overpronation.</p> Full article ">
8 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Drive for Thinness Predicts Musculoskeletal Injuries in Division II NCAA Female Athletes
by Jennifer L. Scheid and Morgan E. Stefanik
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2019, 4(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030052 - 1 Aug 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4106
Abstract
The female athlete triad is the interrelation of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. Previously, the components of the female athlete triad have been linked to bone stress injuries. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship [...] Read more.
The female athlete triad is the interrelation of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. Previously, the components of the female athlete triad have been linked to bone stress injuries. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between drive for thinness, a proxy indicator of low energy availability, and musculoskeletal injuries. Fifty-seven female athletes, from an NCAA Division II college, were followed throughout their respective sport season for musculoskeletal injuries. Women were grouped based on a median split of the drive for thinness score (high drive for thinness (DT) vs. low DT). At the end of each sport season, injury data were compiled using an electronic medical record database. Forty-seven of the 57 women (82%) incurred 90 musculoskeletal injuries. The most prevalent injuries included: Low back pain/spasm/strain (n = 12), followed by shin splints/medial tibial stress syndrome (n = 9), general knee pain (n = 7), quadriceps strain (n = 6), and knee sprain (anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament sprains; n = 5). The number of in-season injuries in the High DT group (2.0 ± 0.3) was significantly higher than the Low DT group (1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.026). A high drive for thinness is associated with an increased number of injuries during the competitive season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sports Medicine and Nutrition)
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<p>The mean number of in-season injuries in women high drive for thinness (High DT, determined by a median split) was higher (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) than the women with a low drive for thinness (Low DT). Data are reported in mean ± SEM.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The correlation between the drive for thinness score and in-season musculoskeletal injuries in NCAA division II athletes (<span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.034).</p> Full article ">
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