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Journals
Microorganisms
Special Issues
The Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
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The Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 846

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jonathan Hon-kwan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Interests: molecular diagnostics; clinical microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases investigates disease transmission by studying the genetic makeup of pathogens, utilising advanced molecular biology techniques. This field has revolutionised epidemiology by enabling detailed investigations into disease spread, outbreak sources, and effective control measures. By analysing the genetic information of pathogens, researchers can trace disease spread, identify outbreak sources and determine the most effective measures to control transmission. Additionally, molecular epidemiology can identify specific virulence factors that contribute to disease severity, leading to the development of targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.

For this Special Issue of Microorganisms, we welcome original research, short communications, and reviews covering all aspects of molecular epidemiology in infectious diseases. This includes investigations into genotyping and sequencing techniques, studies on disease transmission and outbreak sources, and research on host-pathogen interactions.

Dr. Jonathan Hon-kwan Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular epidemiology
  • infectious diseases
  • outbreak investigations
  • transmission
  • genotyping
  • disease control

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1724 KiB  
Article
A Novel Genotype of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Human Cases of Scrub Typhus from Southeastern India
by Krishnamoorthy Nallan, Bhuvaneshwari Chinnathambi Kalidoss, Eunice Swarna Jacob, Samyuktha Krishnasamy Mahadevan, Steny Joseph, Ramkumar Ramalingam, Govindarajan Renu, Balaji Thirupathi, Balajinathan Ramasamy, Bhavna Gupta, Manju Rahi and Paramasivan Rajaiah
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020333 - 4 Feb 2025
Viewed by 460
Abstract
Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, re-emerging public health problem in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, South India. More than 40 serotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi have been documented worldwide. However, the information on the circulation of its molecular sub-types in India is scanty. A [...] Read more.
Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, re-emerging public health problem in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, South India. More than 40 serotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi have been documented worldwide. However, the information on the circulation of its molecular sub-types in India is scanty. A retrospective study was conducted among serologically confirmed cases of scrub typhus. DNA isolated from blood was screened by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the GroEL and the 56 kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) genes. Out of 59 samples, 14 partial fragments of GroEL and the twelve 56 kDa genes were PCR-amplified and DNA-sequenced. The neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis indicated three distinct phylogenetic clades, including a novel genotype designated as Ot-Thanjavur-Tamil Nadu (Ot-TJTN, 9 nos. 64.3%); Karp-like (4 nos. 28.6%); and Kuroki-Gilliam type (1 no. 7.1%). Also, phylogenetic analysis of twelve 56 kDa variable domains (VDΙ-ΙΙΙ) of TSA gene sequences revealed a distinctive new genotypic cluster of eight samples (66.6%), and the remaining four (33.4%) were Karp-like genotypes. The Simplot analysis for the similarity and event of recombination testing elucidated the existence of the new genotype of the Ot-TJTN cluster, which was undescribed so far, in the Kato and TA716 lineages. The significant findings recommend further studies to understand the ongoing transmission dynamics of different O. tsutsugamushi strains in vector mites, rodent hosts, and humans in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the GroEL (<b>a</b>) and 56 kDa TSA gene (<b>b</b>) with 1000 bootstrap replicates, K2P substitution model. The 56 kDa gene (<b>b</b>) with reference sequences showing two clusters, a novel TJTN and Karp-like. Sequences obtained from this study were labeled with a blue circle; the out-group sequence is marked with a red triangle for GroEL (<b>a</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>A radiation distance phylogenetic tree of GroEL gene sequences showing the three different clusters, and the designated new <span class="html-italic">Ot</span>-TJTN is clustered (red) separately, deviating from the Karp, Kato, and TA716 (blue) and Gilliam clade (grey).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>A radiation distance phylogenetic tree of the 56 kDa TSA sequences showing the two different clusters of designated new <span class="html-italic">Ot</span>-TJTN and Karp-like genotypes. Kato and TA716 were ancestral lineage to the novel <span class="html-italic">Ot</span>-TJTN genotype (blue) and Karp-like sequences (red), and the Gilliam and Kuroki genotypes formed a separate cluster. (Square in red: sequences from this study and circle in green: reference sequences).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Multiple sequence alignment of the Karp-like and <span class="html-italic">Ot</span>-TJTN 56 kDa TSA amino acid sequences generated in this study with the closely related reference Kato and TA716 genotypes. The alignment shows the non-synonymous change of amino acids in 56 kDa protein VD-ΙI-III due to the nucleotide substitutions.</p> Full article ">
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