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From Source to Sea: Navigating the Ecotoxicological Challenges of Emerging Contaminants in Marine Ecosystems

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Pollution".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 2083

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
Interests: ecotoxicology; biochemistry; microplastics; nanoplastics

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
Interests: chemical ecology; ecotoxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Contaminants of emerging concern or, simply, emerging contaminants represent a newly discovered group of chemicals present in marine environment and therefore a new threat to marine biodiversity. These contaminants include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals as well as nanomaterials and micro and nanoplastics. Conducting ecotoxicological research is imperative for providing a scientific basis for the assessment and management of anthropogenic emerging contaminants in the context of ocean pollution.

For our upcoming Special Issue, we invite authors to submit their original research papers, reviews, and short communications. Topics related to this Special Issue may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel methods and the development of ecological risk assessment;
  • Sub-lethal effects of emerging contaminants;
  • Bioaccumulation monitoring studies;
  • Application of Omics technologies to explore the mechanisms of toxicity of emerging contaminants;
  • Co-exposure to multiple stressors (e.g., bioactive compounds, thermal stress, reduced pH);
  • Source, occurrence, transport, and fate of emerging chemicals in marine environments.

We look forward to your valuable contributions, which will play a crucial role in advancing our knowledge and addressing the challenges posed by emerging contaminants in marine ecosystems.

Dr. Carola Murano
Dr. Mirko Mutalipassi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ecotoxicology
  • ecological risk assessment
  • emerging contaminants
  • biomonitoring
  • biomarkers
  • “omics” techniques
  • marine organisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 4401 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Nile Red-Stained Microplastics through Fluorescence Spectroscopy
by Suparnamaaya Prasad, Andrew Bennett and Michael Triantafyllou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081403 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1738
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), typically defined as plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm, are pervasive in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. There is a need for rapid, portable, low-cost detection systems to assess health and environmental risks. Fluorescent tagging with Nile Red (NR) has emerged as [...] Read more.
Microplastics (MPs), typically defined as plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm, are pervasive in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. There is a need for rapid, portable, low-cost detection systems to assess health and environmental risks. Fluorescent tagging with Nile Red (NR) has emerged as a popular detection method, but variations in fluorescent emissions based on NR solvent, plastic polymer, excitation wavelength, and additives complicate standardization. In this study, seven plastic samples stained with acetone-based NR were analyzed using a fluorescent spectrometer to identify optimal emission peaks across UV-Vis excitation wavelengths. These findings aid in selecting appropriate excitation wavelengths and optical filters for future detection systems. Additionally, a straightforward polymer identification scheme was validated against field-collected plastic samples, whose material composition was confirmed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. This work contributes towards developing accessible microplastic detection technologies by characterizing the fluorescent properties of NR-stained plastics and enhancing the capability for effective environmental monitoring. Future research will expand the dataset to include diverse plastics with varying additives and weathering, and incorporate computer-vision tools for automated data processing and polymer identification. Full article
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Fluorescence spectroscopy experimental setup.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Fluorescent emission spectra of Nile Red-stained lab plastics for different excitation wavelengths. Column (<b>left</b>) displays the spectra of plastics excited by 405 nm, plotted in blue on the left. Column (<b>middle</b>) displays the spectra of plastics excited by 465 nm, plotted in orange in the middle. Column (<b>right</b>) displays the spectra of plastics excited by 525 nm, plotted in yellow on the right [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Polymer identification scheme [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p>
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<p>Fluorescent emission spectra of Nile Red-stained field plastics for different excitation wavelengths. Column on the left displays the spectra of PP plastics and column on the right displays the spectra of PE plastics [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p>
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<p>Low-cost microplastic imaging setup [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p>
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<p>Images of Nile Red-stained lab plastics for different excitation wavelengths [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>]. Due to Nile Red’s solvatochromatic properties, the emission wavelength changes based on polarity of polymer surface.</p>
Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Images of Nile Red-stained lab plastics paired with raw fluorescent emission data for different excitation wavelengths [<a href="#B26-jmse-12-01403" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p>
Full article ">

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid monitoring of the harmful algal bloom species Cochlodinium polykrikoides
Abstract: Harmful blooms of the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Margalefidinium polykrikoides) had detrimental aquacultural and economic effects globally, and to reduce the damage caused by these blooms, early biomonitoring and quantitative analysis of C. polykrikoides are of the utmost importance. Here, for the detection of C. polykrikoides using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, we developed specific primers targeting the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA), and evaluated their applicability in the field during the occurrence of a C. polykrikoides bloom. The specific primers not only accurately detected C. polykirkoides but also had a detection performance comparable with that obtained using microscopic observations. Accordingly, we developed a system that can be used in the field and applied when red tides occur, with accurate results being obtained more than five times more rapidly than those obtained based on microscopic analysis. Collectively, our findings indicate that the C. polykrikoides bloom detection system developed in this study can be applied to rapidly detect and accurately quantify C. polykrikoides in environmental samples. Data obtained using this system could be used as a basis for developing prompt monitoring and warning systems for the early detection of C. polykrikoides blooms in the field.

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