Journal of Fungi

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34 pages, 12661 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discovery of Alanomyces manoharacharyi: A Novel Fungus Identified Using Genome Sequencing and Metabolomic Analysis

by Shiwali Rana and Sanjay K. Singh

J. Fungi 2024, 10(11), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110791 - 14 Nov 2024

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In this study, a new species of Alanomyces was isolated as an endophyte from the bark of Azadirachta indica from Mulshi, Maharashtra. The identity of this isolate was confirmed based on the asexual morphological characteristics as well as multi-gene phylogeny based on the [...] Read more.

In this study, a new species of Alanomyces was isolated as an endophyte from the bark of Azadirachta indica from Mulshi, Maharashtra. The identity of this isolate was confirmed based on the asexual morphological characteristics as well as multi-gene phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regions. As this was the second species to be reported in this genus, we sequenced the genome of this species to increase our knowledge about the possible applicability of this genus to various industries. Its genome length was found to be 35.01 Mb, harboring 7870 protein-coding genes as per Augustus and 8101 genes using GeMoMa. Many genes were annotated using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), Swiss-Prot, NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences (NTs), and NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (NRs). The number of repeating sequences was predicted using Proteinmask and RepeatMasker; tRNA were detected using tRNAscan and snRNA were predicted using rfam_scan. The genome was also annotated using the Pathogen–Host Interactions Database (PHI-base) and AntiSMASH. To confirm the evolutionary history, average nucleotide identity (ANIb), phylogeny based on orthologous proteins, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were carried out. Metabolic profiling of the methanolic extract of dried biomass and ethyl acetate extract of the filtrate revealed a variety of compounds of great importance in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The characterization and genomic analysis of the newly discovered species Alanomyces manoharacharyi highlights its potential applicability across multiple industries, particularly in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its diverse secondary metabolites and unique genetic features it possesses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 12638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Pattern of a Macrofungal Genus Phylloporia (Basidiomycota) Revealing Its Adaptive Evolution in China

by Xue-Wei Wang and Li-Wei Zhou

J. Fungi 2024, 10(11), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110780 - 10 Nov 2024

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Abstract

The understanding of distribution and the evolutionary scenario is crucial for the utilization and conservation of biological resources; nevertheless, such explorations rarely focus on macrofungi. The current study selects a macrofungal genus, Phylloporia, and explores its spatiotemporal pattern in China. A total of [...] Read more.

The understanding of distribution and the evolutionary scenario is crucial for the utilization and conservation of biological resources; nevertheless, such explorations rarely focus on macrofungi. The current study selects a macrofungal genus, Phylloporia, and explores its spatiotemporal pattern in China. A total of 117 available occurrence records of Phylloporia in China were summarized for the current analyses. Ensemble modeling supports the highly suitable habitat of Phylloporia concentrated in southern, especially southeastern, China, where the ancestor of Phylloporia originated 77.74 million years ago and then dispersed to other parts of China. Benefitting from the available suitable habitats, Phylloporia rapidly diversified after its divergence in Southeast China. Then, the net diversification rate slowed down when the rapidly diversifying species filled available niches in Southeast China and the dispersed species in other parts of China inhabited the less suitable and unsuitable habitats. During adaptive evolution, precipitation, temperature and the host plant are the major environmental variables that shape the spatiotemporal pattern of Phylloporia. In conclusion, the current study reveals the adaptive evolutionary scenario of Phylloporia and provides the first exploration of the spatiotemporal pattern of macrofungi. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Known geographic distribution of Phylloporia indicated by the purple point in China. Map adapted from the National Geomatics Center of China (<a href="http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/" target="_blank">http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/</a>; accessed on 18 December 2023; review drawing number: GS(2019)1822). Full article ">Figure 2
The current potential distribution of Phylloporia in China predicted by ensemble modeling. The green point represents the known distribution of Phylloporia, while the colored region in the map indicates the suitability of habitat for Phylloporia at four levels. Map adapted from National Geomatics Center of China (<a href="http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/" target="_blank">http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/</a>; accessed on 18 December 2023; review drawing number: GS(2019)1822). Full article ">Figure 3
The possible historical distributions of Phylloporia in China. The Fulvifomes lineage, as the outgroup, was excluded from the reconstruction progress of historical distributions. Full article ">Figure 4
Spatiotemporal pattern of Phylloporia in China and point box line diagram of mean divergence times of Phylloporia in the four groups of grid cells classified by the suitability of habitat for Phylloporia. The map of China is divided into 100 km × 100 km grid cells and four geographic parts according to the Heihe–Tengchong line (blue) and the Qinling–Huaihe extension line (red). The mean divergence times of Phylloporia in grid cells are classified into four levels by Jenks’ natural breaks method. The asterisk indicates significant differences between two groups (Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric statistical test, p-value < 0.05) in ensemble modeling. Map adapted from National Geomatics Center of China (<a href="http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/" target="_blank">http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/</a>; accessed on 18 December 2023; review drawing number: GS(2019)1822). Full article ">Figure 5
Net diversification rate inferred from the time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of representative Chinese genera in Hymenochaetaceae. (A) Per-branch net diversification rate averaged across posterior samples. The significant rate shift represented by the red dot indicates the lineage of the ancestor of Phylloporia. (B) Net diversification rate (red line) through time of representative Chinese genera in Hymenochaetaceae. Shaded red areas are 95% quantile ranges. (C) Net diversification rate (red line) through time of the lineage of Phylloporia. Shaded blue areas are 95% quantile ranges. Full article ">

15 pages, 4435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Four New Species of Deconica (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) from Subtropical Regions of China

by Jun-Qing Yan, Sheng-Nan Wang, Ya-Ping Hu, Cheng-Feng Nie, Bin-Rong Ke, Zhi-Heng Zeng and Hui Zeng

J. Fungi 2024, 10(11), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110745 - 29 Oct 2024

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Abstract

Deconica is a relatively small genus, with only 90 names recorded in previous research. In this study, four new species of Deconica have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. This represents the first discovery of new [...] Read more.

Deconica is a relatively small genus, with only 90 names recorded in previous research. In this study, four new species of Deconica have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. This represents the first discovery of new species of Deconica in China. Morphologically, D. austrosinensis is characterized by medium-sized spores that are elliptical to elongated-ellipsoid in face view, and fusiform to sublageniform and slightly thick-walled pleurocystidia; D. furfuracea is identified by a well-developed and evanescent veil, medium-sized spores that are rhomboid to mitriform in face view, and fusiform to subclavate pleurocystidia that are rare and subacute at apex; D. fuscobrunnea is recognized by dark brown pileus, medium-sized spores that are rhomboid to mitriform in face view, an ixocutis pileipellis, lageniform cheilocystidia with a long neck and lacks pleurocystidia; D. ovispora is distinguished from other Deconica species by medium-sized spores that are ovoid in face view, an ixocutis pileipellis, lageniform cheilocystidia with a long to short neck, and lacks pleurocystidia. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in ITS + LSU phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions and morphological photographs of four new species are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Phylogram of Deconica spp. generated with maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on ITS and LSU, rooted with Kuehneromyces brunneoalbescens. Bayesian inference (BI-PP) ≥ 0.95 and ML bootstrap proportions (ML-BP) ≥ 75 are indicated as PP/BP. The new taxa are marked in bold. Full article ">Figure 2
Morphological structures of Deconica austrosinensis. (A–D) Basidiomata. (E) Pileipellis. (F–J) Pleurocystidia. (K) Spores. (L) Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: (A–D) 10 mm, (E–L) 10 μm. All microstructures were observed in 5%KOH. Structures of (F–I,L) were stained with 1%Congo red. Full article ">Figure 3
Morphological structures of Deconica furfuracea. (A–D) Basidiomata. (E) Spores. (F) Pileipellis. (G–I) Pleurocystidia. (J) Hymenium. (K) Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: (A–D) 10 mm, (E–K) 10 μm. All microstructures were observed in 5%KOH. Structures of (G–K) were stained with 1%Congo red. Full article ">Figure 4
Morphological structures of Deconica fuscobrunnea. (A,B) Basidiomata. (C) Pileipellis. (D) Spores. (E,F) Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: (A,B) 10 mm, (C–F) 10 μm. All microstructures were observed in 5%KOH. Structures of (E,F) were stained with 1%Congo red. Full article ">Figure 5
Morphological structures of Deconica ovispora. (A–D) Basidiomata. (E) Spores. (F) Pileipellis. (G,H) Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: (A–D) 10 mm, (E–H) 10 μm. All microstructures were observed in 5%KOH. Structures of (F–H) were stained with 1%Congo red. Full article ">

31 pages, 75566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phylogenetic and Morphological Perspectives on Crepidotus subg. Dochmiopus: Exploratively Unveiling Hidden Diversity in China

by Menghui Han, Qin Na, Renxiu Wei, Hui Zeng, Yaping Hu, Libo Zhang, Jinhong Du, Li Zou, Weimin Tang, Xianhao Cheng and Yupeng Ge

J. Fungi 2024, 10(10), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10100710 - 11 Oct 2024

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Abstract

Crepidotus subg. Dochmiopus contributes to more than half of Crepidotus species and exhibits highly hidden diversity. However, C. subg. Dochmiopus is challenging to study because the basidiomata of C. subg. Dochmiopus species are usually small and white, inconspicuous interspecific distinctions, and [...] Read more.

Crepidotus subg. Dochmiopus contributes to more than half of Crepidotus species and exhibits highly hidden diversity. However, C. subg. Dochmiopus is challenging to study because the basidiomata of C. subg. Dochmiopus species are usually small and white, inconspicuous interspecific distinctions, and possess a familiar complex. In this study, we utilized a variety of characteristics for species identification, including habitat, presence or absence of a stipe in mature specimens, pileipellis and cheilocystidia patterns, whether the lamellae edges are fimbriated, and other characteristics. Above all, cheilocystidia and pileipellis patterns will be important in C. subg. Dochmiopus research. Based on the present specimens, we constructed a multigene phylogenetic tree (ITS + LSU) and recognized four new species: C. lamellomaculatus sp. nov., C. capitatocystidiatus sp. nov., C. succineus sp. nov., C. clavocystidiatustustus sp. nov. Detailed morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely related taxa for the new species are provided. The current phylogenetic analysis does not support the previously classifications, indicating that the classification of Crepidotus requires re-evaluation. But the existing molecular datasets and species’ descriptions are insufficient to fully resolve the classification. Further integration of new gene segments and a comprehensive review of morphological characteristics will reveal a natural classification for Crepidotus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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27 pages, 45438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seven New Species of Entoloma Subgenus Cubospora (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Subtropical Regions of China

by Lin-Gen Chen, Ling Ding, Hong Chen, Hui Zeng, Zhi-Heng Zeng, Sheng-Nan Wang and Jun-Qing Yan

J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080594 - 22 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions [...] Read more.

Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, E. excavatum is characterized by the yellow, depressed, estriate pileus and medium-sized basidiospores; E. lacticolor is recognized by the white and papillate pileus, adnexed lamellae, and presence of clamp connections; E. phlebophyllum is identified by the pink-to-maroon and estriate pileus, and lamellae with lateral veins; E. rufomarginatum differs from other cuboid-spored species by the lamellae edge which is red-brown-underlined; E. subcycneum is characterized by the white pileus and carneogriseum-type cheilocystidia; E. submurrayi is recognized by the pileus margin exceeding the lamellae, 2-layered pileipellis with hyphae of different widths, and the presence of clamp connections; E. tomentosum is identified by the tomentose pileus, heterogeneous lamella edge, and versiform cheilocystidia with brown-yellow contents. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the seven new species in both the ITS + LSU and 3-locus (LSU, tef-1α, rpb2) phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Phylogram of Entoloma subgenus Cubospora spp. generated by Bayesian inference (BI) analysis based on ITS (I) and LSU (L), rooted with E. subgenus Nolanea spp. Bayesian inference (BI-PP) ≥ 0.95 and ML bootstrap proportions (ML-BP) ≥ 75 are indicated as PP/BP. The new taxa are marked in bold and *. Full article ">Figure 2
Phylogram of Entoloma subgenus Cubospora spp. generated by Bayesian inference (BI) analysis based on LSU (L), tef-1α (T), and rpb2 (R), rooted with E. subgenus Nolanea spp. Bayesian inference (BI-PP) ≥ 0.95 and ML bootstrap proportions (ML-BP) ≥75 are indicated as PP/BP. The new taxa are marked in bold and *. Full article ">Figure 3
Photos of basidiomata. (A) Entoloma excavatum: HFJAU2013, holotype; (B,C) Entoloma lacticolor: (B) HFJAU3064, (C) HFJAU3736, holotype; (D–F) Entoloma phlebophyllum: (D,E) HFJAU4261, holotype; (F) HFJAU4263; (G) Entoloma rufomarginatum: HFJAU1933, holotype. Scale bars: (A,D–G) 20 mm; (B,C) 30 mm. Full article ">Figure 4
Photos of basidiomata. (A,B) Entoloma subcycneum: (A) HFJAU0985, (B) HFJAU3124, holotype; (C,D) Entoloma submurrayi: (C) HFJAU1050, (D) HFJAU3587, holotype; (E,F) Entoloma tomentosum: (E) HFJAU5159, holotype, (F) HFJAU5166. Scale bars: (A–F) 20 mm. Full article ">Figure 5
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma excavatum. (A) Basidiospores. (B) Basidia. (C) Cheilocystidia. (D) Pileipellis. (E) Lamellar trama. (F) Stipitipellis. Scale bars: (A–F) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A). Full article ">Figure 6
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma lacticolor. (A) Basidiospores. (B) Lamellar trama. (C) Cheilocystidia. (D) Stipitipellis. (E) Basidia. (F) Pileipellis. Scale bars: (A) 10 μm; (B–F) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A,B). Full article ">Figure 7
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma phlebophyllum. (A) Basidiospores. (B–D) Cheilocystidia. (E–G) Basidia. (H,I) Pileipellis. (J) Lamellar trama. (K) Stipitipellis. Scale bars: (A) 10 μm; (B–K) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (H). Full article ">Figure 8
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma rufomarginatum. (A) Basidiospores. (B) Basidia. (C) Lamellar trama. (D) Cheilocystidia. (E) Pileipellis. (F) Stipitipellis. Scale bars: (A–F) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A). Full article ">Figure 9
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma subcycneum. (A) Basidiospores. (B,C) Cheilocystidia. (D) Basidia. (E) Lamellar trama. (F) Pileipellis. (G) Stipitipellis. Scale bars: (A) 10 μm; (B–G) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A). Full article ">Figure 10
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma submurrayi. (A) Basidiospores. (B) Basidia. (C) Cheilocystidia. (D) Pileipellis. (E) Stipitipellis. (E) Lamellar trama. Scale bars: (A) 10 μm; (B–F) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A). Full article ">Figure 11
Micromorphological structures of Entoloma tomentosum. (A) Basidiospores. (B) Basidia. (C,D) Cheilocystidia. (E,F) Pileipellis. (G) Lamellar trama. (H) Stipitipellis. Scale bars: (A–H) 30 μm. All structures were observed in 5% KOH, and 1% Congo red was used as the stain, except (A). Full article ">

20 pages, 6715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phylogenetic Insights Reveal New Taxa in Thyridariaceae and Massarinaceae

by Wen-Hui Tian, Yan Jin, Yue-Chi Liao, Turki KH. Faraj, Xin-Yong Guo and Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura

J. Fungi 2024, 10(8), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10080542 - 2 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Pleosporales is a highly diverse (and the largest) order in Dothideomycetes, and it is widespread in decaying plants in various environments around the world. During a survey of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, specimens of hyphomycetous and Thyridaria-like fungi were collected [...] Read more.

Pleosporales is a highly diverse (and the largest) order in Dothideomycetes, and it is widespread in decaying plants in various environments around the world. During a survey of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, specimens of hyphomycetous and Thyridaria-like fungi were collected from dead branches of pine trees and cherry trees. These taxa were initially identified as members of Massarinaceae and Thyridariaceae through morphological examination. Phylogenetic analyses of the Thyridariaceae, combining ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1 sequence data, indicated a distinct clade sister to Pseudothyridariella and Thyridariella, distinct from any genus in the family. Thus, a new genus, Vaginospora, is proposed to accommodate the type species Vaginospora sichuanensis, which is characterized by semi-immersed globose to oblong ascomata with an ostiolar neck, cylindrical to clavate asci with an ocular chamber, and hyaline to dark brown, fusiform, 3–5-transversely septate ascospores with an inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Based on the morphological comparisons and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1) of the Massarinaceae, we have identified three collections belonging to the genus Helminthosporium, leading us to propose H. filamentosa sp. nov., H. pini sp. nov., and H. velutinum as a new host record. According to Phylogenetic analysis, H. pini formed an independent clade sister to H. austriacum and H. yunnanense, and H. filamentosa represents the closest sister clade to H. quercinum. Helminthosporium pini is distinct from H. austriacum by the shorter conidiophores and H. yunnanense by the longer and wider conidia. The H. filamentosa differs from H. quercinum in having longer conidiophores and smaller conidia. This study extends our understanding of diversity within Thyridariaceae and Helminthosporium. Our findings underscore the rich biodiversity and potential for discovering novel fungal taxa within these groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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The phylogram of the family Massarinaceae from ML analysis is based on the concatenated dataset of ITS-LSU-SSU-RPB2-TEF1. The tree is rooted with Periconia pseudodigitata (CBS 139699). Support values of ML-UFBoot ≥ 95 and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 were displayed at the nodes as ML/PP. Support values below 95 and 0.95 are indicated by a hyphen (-). Newly collected taxa are shown in red. Strains from type materials are in bold. Full article ">Figure 1 Cont.
The phylogram of the family Massarinaceae from ML analysis is based on the concatenated dataset of ITS-LSU-SSU-RPB2-TEF1. The tree is rooted with Periconia pseudodigitata (CBS 139699). Support values of ML-UFBoot ≥ 95 and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 were displayed at the nodes as ML/PP. Support values below 95 and 0.95 are indicated by a hyphen (-). Newly collected taxa are shown in red. Strains from type materials are in bold. Full article ">Figure 2
The phylogram of the family Thyridariaceae from ML analysis is based on the concatenated dataset of ITS-LSU-RPB2-SSU-TEF1. The tree is rooted with Torula herbarum (CBS 595.96). Support values of ML-UFBoot ≥ 95 and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 were displayed at the nodes as ML/PP. Support values below 95 and 0.95 are indicated by a hyphen (-). Newly collected taxa are shown in red. Strains from type materials are in bold. Full article ">Figure 3
Helminthosporium filamentosa (HKAS 135176, holotype). (a–c) Colonies on the natural substrate; (d,e) colony and conidiophores; (f–h) conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and apical conidia; (i) germinating conidium; (j,k) culture characteristics on PDA after 10 days (forth and back); (l) solitary conidiophores and apical conidia; (m–q) conidia. Scale bars: 20 μm (d–i); 100 μm (l); 10 μm (m–q); scale bar (m) applies to (m–q). Full article ">Figure 4
Helminthosporium pini (HKAS 131577, holotype). (a–c) Colonies on the natural substrate; (d) colony and conidiophores; (e) conidiophores with apical conidia; (f–h) conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and apical conidia; (i,j) immature conidia; (k–p) conidia. Scale bars: 100 μm (d); 20 μm (e–i); 20 μm (j–p). Scale bar (k) applies to (k–p). Full article ">Figure 5
Helminthosporium velutinum (UESTCC 24.0189). (a–c) Colonies on the natural substrate; (d–f) conidiophores with conidia; (g,h) culture characteristics on PDA after 11 days (forth and back); (i–o) conidia; (p) germinating conidium. Scale bars: 100 μm (d); 20 μm (e,f); 10 μm (i–p). Full article ">Figure 6
Vaginospora sichuanensis (UESTCC 24.0191, holotype). (a–c) Ascomata immersed in the decaying wood of Prunus sp.; (d,e) longitudinal sections of ascomata; (f) cellular and hyaline pseudoparaphyses; (g) section of peridium comprising cells of textura angularis; (h–l) immature and mature asci; (m,n) culture characteristics on PDA after 11 days (forth and back); (o) germinating ascospore; (p–r) ascospores; (s,t) ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath in India ink. Scale bars: 100 μm (d,e); 20 μm (g,o); 10 μm (f,h–l,p–t). Full article ">

14 pages, 5645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Updating the Species Diversity of Pestalotioid Fungi: Four New Species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis

by Weishan Zhang, Yixuan Li, Lu Lin, Aoli Jia and Xinlei Fan

J. Fungi 2024, 10(7), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10070475 - 11 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1258

Abstract

Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants around the world as pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. In this study, diseased leaves and branches of plants were collected from Guizhou and Sichuan in China. Here, the fungal isolates were identified based on [...] Read more.

Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants around the world as pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. In this study, diseased leaves and branches of plants were collected from Guizhou and Sichuan in China. Here, the fungal isolates were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) and the beta-tubulin (tub2) of ribosomal DNA, and the morphological characteristics. Ten Neopestalotiopsis isolates and two Pestalotiopsis isolates were obtained, and these isolates were further confirmed as four novel species (N. acericola, N. cercidicola, N. phoenicis, and P. guiyangensis) and one known species, N. concentrica. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Figure 1
Diseased plants in Sichuan and Guizhou: (A) Symptoms of Rhapis excelsa in Sichuan; (B) Leaf spots of Phoenix canariensis in Sichuan; (C) Branch dieback of Acer palmatum in Sichuan; (D) Pathogenic fungi on Cercis chinensis leaves in Guizhou; (E) Leaf spots of Eriobotrya japonica in Guizhou. Full article ">Figure 2
Phylograms were generated by maximum likelihood (ML) based on combined ITS, tef1-α, and tub2 sequence data of Neopetalotiopsis isolates. The tree was rooted by Ps. cocos (CBS 272.29), Ps. indica (CBS 459.78), and Ps. theae (MFLUCC12–0055). Scale bars indicate 0.02 nucleotide changes per locus. ML bootstrap support values above 70% are shown near nodes. Thickened branches represent posterior probabilities above 0.95 from BI. Isolates from this study are marked in blue in the trees. Ex-type strains are in bold and labeled T. Full article ">Figure 3
Phylograms were generated by maximum likelihood (ML) based on combined ITS, tef1-α, and tub2 sequence data of Pestalotiopsis isolates. The tree was rooted by N. magna (MFLUCC 12–652). Scale bars indicate 0.05 nucleotide changes per locus. ML bootstrap support values above 70% are shown near nodes. Thickened branches represent posterior probabilities above 0.95 from BI. Isolates from this study are marked in blue in the trees. Ex-type strains are in bold and labeled T. Full article ">Figure 4
Neopestalotiopsis acericola (BJFC-S2333). (A,B) Habit of conidiomata on twig; (C) Transverse section of a conidioma; (D) Longitudinal section through a conidioma; (E) Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; (F) Conidia. Scale bars: (A–F) = 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 5
Neopestalotiopsis cercidicola (ex-holotype culture CFCC 70632). (A) Diseased leaf of Cercis chinensis; (B) Colony on PDA at seven days; (C) Conidial masses formed on PDA; (D) Conidiogenous cells; (E,F) Conidia. Scale bars: (C–F) = 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 6
Neopestalotiopsis concentrica (living culture CFCC 70629 and CFCC 70619). (A) Diseased leaf spots of Rhapis excelsa; (B) Colony on PDA at seven days; (C) Conidial masses formed on PDA; (D,E) Conidiogenous cells; (F) Conidia. Scale bars: (C–F) = 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 7
Neopestalotiopsis phoenicis (ex-holotype culture CFCC 70625). (A) Diseased leaf of Phoenix canariensis; (B) Colony on PDA at seven days; (C) Conidial masses formed on PDA; (D,E) Conidiogenous cells; (F) Conidia. Scale bars: (C–F) = 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 8
Pestalotiopsis guiyangensis (ex-holotype culture CFCC 70626). (A) Diseased leaf of Eriobotrya japonica; (B) Colony on PDA at seven days; (C) Conidial masses formed on PDA; (D) Conidiogenous cells; (E) Conidia. Scale bars: (C–E) = 10 μm. Full article ">

35 pages, 36488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Revealing Brownish Mycena Diversity in China: New Discoveries and Taxonomic Insights

by Renxiu Wei, Yupeng Ge, Liangliang Qi, Menghui Han, Hui Zeng, Yaping Hu, Li Zou, Xianhao Cheng, Xiaoming Wu and Qin Na

J. Fungi 2024, 10(6), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060439 - 20 Jun 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1000

Abstract

Within the genus Mycena, species exhibiting brownish basidiomata present considerable challenges in identification due to similar coloration. This study underscores the significance of pileipellis types and cheilocystidia characteristics as critical in delimiting brownish Mycena species. To clarify the principal taxonomic characters and [...] Read more.

Within the genus Mycena, species exhibiting brownish basidiomata present considerable challenges in identification due to similar coloration. This study underscores the significance of pileipellis types and cheilocystidia characteristics as critical in delimiting brownish Mycena species. To clarify the principal taxonomic characters and their utility in distinguishing between brownish Mycena species, a morphological taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Five new species from China were introduced and characterized through a comprehensive morphological anatomy and phylogenetic substantiation: M. campanulatihemisphaerica sp. nov., M. digitifurcata sp. nov., M. kunyuensis sp. nov., M. limitis sp. nov., and M. oryzifluens sp. nov. Discussions of these taxa are supplemented with morphological illustrations. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods based on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA. With the addition of these five new species, the worldwide count of brownish Mycena increases to 94, and a key to the 29 known species of brownish Mycena from China is presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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47 pages, 14175 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Contribution on Inosperma Section Inosperma (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) in Europe: Calamistratum and Geraniodorum Groups

by Fernando Esteve-Raventós, Ellen Larsson, Fermín Pancorbo, Enrico Bizio, Alberto Altés, Yolanda Turégano, Gabriel Moreno and Ibai Olariaga

J. Fungi 2024, 10(6), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060374 - 23 May 2024

Viewed by 1873

Abstract

The aim of this study is to carry out a taxonomic revision of the groups Calamistratum and Geraniodorum of the genus Inosperma sect. Inosperma in Europe. For this purpose, a multigenic phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to carry out a taxonomic revision of the groups Calamistratum and Geraniodorum of the genus Inosperma sect. Inosperma in Europe. For this purpose, a multigenic phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 markers, covering a total of 111 sequences, including those generated from the existing type-material collections. This analysis led to the recognition of nine clades or terminal groups for the European continent, correlating with nine morphological species. Three of them, I. calamistratum, I. neohirsutum sp. nov. and I. turietoense sp. nov., are distributed in humid and temperate forests, whereas I. geminum sp. nov., I. geraniodorum, I. gracilentum sp. nov., I. praetermissum comb. nov., I. subhirsutum and I. veliferum seem to be restricted to the colder altimontane, boreal and alpine climates. It is concluded that the study of morphological and ecological characteristics allows the recognition of species without the need for an often-subjective interpretation of organoleptic characteristics. Inocybe hirsuta is considered a synonym of Inosperma calamistratum, Inosperma praetermissum as a different species from I. calamistratum, and Inocybe geraniodora var. gracilenta f. salicis-herbaceae as a synonym of I. praetermissum. Four new species and one new combination are proposed. A key for the recognition of the European species is provided. Illustrations and photographs of macro- and micromorphological characters and SEM spores of all species are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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19 pages, 3595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Four New Species and a New Combination of Boletaceae (Boletales) from Subtropical and Tropical China

by Rou Xue, Lin-Jie Su, Tai-Jie Yu, Chang Xu, Hong-Yan Huang, Nian-Kai Zeng, Guo-Li Zhang and Li-Ping Tang

J. Fungi 2024, 10(5), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050348 - 13 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1831

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that boletes are abundant and diverse in China, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, morphological, ecological, host relationship, and a four-locus (28S, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2) molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to [...] Read more.

Previous studies have shown that boletes are abundant and diverse in China, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, morphological, ecological, host relationship, and a four-locus (28S, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2) molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to study the family Boletaceae in subtropical and tropical China. Four new bluing species are described from three genera, viz. Boletellus verruculosus (Chinese name疣柄条孢牛肝菌), Xerocomellus tenuis (Chinese name细柄红绒盖牛肝菌), Xer. brunneus (Chinese name褐盖红绒盖牛肝菌), and Xerocomus zhangii (Chinese name张氏绒盖牛肝菌). Moreover, the genus Nigroboletus is treated as a synonym of Xerocomellus, and a new combination, namely Xer. roseonigrescens (Chinese name玫瑰红绒盖牛肝菌), is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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The phylogenetic tree of Boletaceae is based on a four-locus dataset (28S, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2). RAxML BP values (≥50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥0.90) are shown above the branches. Notes: C = Central, E = Eastern, N = Northern, S = Southern, SE = Southeastern, SW = Southwestern. Full article ">Figure 2
Basidiomata and microscopic features of Boletellus verruculosus (MHKMU H.Y. Huang 682, holotype). (A,B,G) MHKMU H.Y. Huang 682. (C,F) MHKMU S. Jiang 414. (D) MHKMU H.Y. Huang 674. (E) MHKMU Y.J. Pu 216. (H) Basidiospores under SEM. (I) Basidiomata. (J–K) Basidiospores. (L) Cheilocystidia. (M) Pleurocystidia. (N) Pileipellis. (O) Stipitipellis. (A,B,D,G) Photos by H.Y. Huang; (C,F) photos by S. Jiang; E photos by Y.J. Pu; (H–O) photos by R. Xue. Full article ">Figure 3
Basidiomata and microscopic features of Xerocomellus tenuis (MHKMU R. Xue 100, holotype). (A) MHKMU L.J. Su 224; (B) MHKMU L.J. Su 226; (C) MHKMU J. Ma 123; (D,F,G) MHKMU R. Xue 95. (E) MHKMU R. Xue 100; (H) MHKMU R. Xue 94. (I) Basidiospores under SEM. (J) Basidia. (K) Basidiospores. (L) Cheilocystidia. (M) Pleurocystidia. (N) Pileipellis. (O) Stipitipellis. (A,B) Photos by L.J. Su; (C) photos by J. Ma; (D–O) photos by R. Xue. Full article ">Figure 4
Basidiomata and microscopic features of Xerocomellus brunneus (MHKMU L. P. Tang 3774, holotype). (A–C) Basidiomata. (D–E) Basidiospores under SEM. (F) Basidia. (G) Basidiospores. (H) Cheilocystidia. (I) Pleurocystidia. (J) Pileipellis. (K) Stipitipellis. (A–C) Photos by L.P. Tang; (D–K) photos by R. Xue. Full article ">Figure 5
Basidiomata and microscopic features of Xerocomus zhangii (MHKMU L.J. Su 225, holotype). (A,B) Basidiomata. (C) Basidiospores under SEM. (D) Basidia. (E) Basidiospores. (F) Cheilocystidia. (G) Pleurocystidia. (H) Pileipellis. (I) Stipitipellis. (A–C) Photos by L.J. Su; (D–K) photos by R. Xue. Full article ">

24 pages, 15627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Data on Boletaceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Central Vietnam with Description of Two New Species and Creation of a New Combination Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence

by Thi Ha Giang Pham, Eugene Popov, Alina Alexandrova, Daria Ivanova and Olga Morozova

J. Fungi 2024, 10(3), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030223 - 19 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1585

Abstract

Two new species of Boletaceae (Hortiboletus rubroreticulatus and Tylopilus aurantiovulpinus) discovered during an investigation of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam (Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve; Ta Dung National Park; Bidoup—Nui Ba National Park; Kon Ka Kinh National Park) are described on [...] Read more.

Two new species of Boletaceae (Hortiboletus rubroreticulatus and Tylopilus aurantiovulpinus) discovered during an investigation of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam (Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve; Ta Dung National Park; Bidoup—Nui Ba National Park; Kon Ka Kinh National Park) are described on the basis of molecular and morphological data. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Additionally, eight species which were recorded for the first time in Vietnam are listed and illustrated here. A new combination Kgaria virescens was made for one of these species. These results were confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU, and tef1α regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayesian Inference (BI), based on tef1α data. Values of the posterior probability (PP ≥ 0.95) from the BI and of the bootstrap support (BS ≥ 65) from the ML analysis are given to the left of the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. New species and new records are in bold. T—holotype. New species are marked with a red circle. Full article ">Figure 2
Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayesian Inference (BI), based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region data. Values of the posterior probability (PP ≥ 0.95) from the BI and of the bootstrap support (BS ≥ 65) from the ML analysis are given to the left of the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. New species and new records are in bold. T—holotype. New species are marked with a red circle. Full article ">Figure 3
Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayesian Inference (BI), based on nrLSU data. Values of the posterior probability (PP ≥ 0.95) from the BI and of the bootstrap support (BS ≥ 65) from the ML analysis are given to the left of the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. New species and new records for are in bold. T—holotype. New species are marked with a red circle. Full article ">Figure 4
Hortiboletus rubroreticulatus: (a–d) basidiomata; (e) basidiospores; (f) cheilocystidia; (g) basidia and pleurocystidium; (h,i) pileipellis ((a) from LE F-344054, (b–i) from LE F-344053, holotype). Scale bars (a–d) 1 cm, (e–i) 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 5
Tylopilus aurantiovulpinus: (a–d) basidiomata; (e) basidiospores; (f) pleurocystidia; (g) cheilocystidia; (h) basidia; (i) pileipellis; (k). stipitipellis ((a,b,e,f,h,k) from LE F-344061, holotype; (c,d,g,i) from LE 312700). Scale bars (a–d) 1 cm, (e–i,k) 10 μm. Full article ">Figure 6
Basidiomata in situ: (a–c)—Cyanoboletus flavocontextus LE F-344052 (48HG23); (d,e)—Kgaria virescens LE F-315591 (261VN16); (f,g)—Kgaria virescens LE F-344056 (138VN23); (h,i)—Parvixerocomus pseudoaokii LE F-344057 (70HG23). Scale bars 1 cm. Full article ">Figure 7
Basidiomata in situ: (a)—Phylloporus hainanensis 137VN22; (b)—Phylloporus microsquamus LE 312685 (371VN16); (c,d)—Phylloporus nigrisquamus LE F-344059 (172VN22); (e,f)—Phylloporus subbacillisporus (LE F-344060 (VRTC 193VN22); (g–i)—Tylopilus rubrotinctus LE 312532 (Vn-16-81). Scale bars 1 cm. Full article ">

22 pages, 13875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Analyses of Five New Wood-Inhabiting Fungi of Botryobasidium, Coltricia and Coltriciella (Basidiomycota) from China

by Qian Zhou, Qianquan Jiang, Xin Yang, Jiawei Yang, Changlin Zhao and Jian Zhao

J. Fungi 2024, 10(3), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030205 - 8 Mar 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1576

Abstract

In this present study, five new wood-inhabiting fungal taxa, Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum, Botryobasidium incanum, Botryobasidium yunnanense, Coltricia zixishanensis, and Coltriciella yunnanensis are proposed. Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum is distinguished by its slightly rubiginous hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, which branches at right angles, and [...] Read more.

In this present study, five new wood-inhabiting fungal taxa, Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum, Botryobasidium incanum, Botryobasidium yunnanense, Coltricia zixishanensis, and Coltriciella yunnanensis are proposed. Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum is distinguished by its slightly rubiginous hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, which branches at right angles, and subglobose, smooth basidiospores (14–17.5 × 13–15.5 µm); B. incanum is characterized by its white to incanus basidiomata having a hypochnoid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores (6.5–8.5 × 3.5–5 µm); B. yunnanense is characterized by its buff to slightly yellowish hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid to globose, smooth, thick-walled basidiospores (11.5–14.5 × 9.5–10.5 µm); Coltricia zixishanensis differs in its rust brown pileal surface, and ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores (5–6.5 × 4–4.5 µm). Coltriciella yunnanensis is distinguished by its tiny pilei, short stipe, and navicular, verrucose basidiospores (10.5–12.5 × 6–7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU genes were used for phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic results inferred from ITS sequences revealed that B. gossypirubiginosum was closely related to B. robustius; the species B. incanum was grouped with B. vagum; B. yunnanense was related to B. indicum. The species C. zixishanensis was grouped with C. confluens and C. perennis. ITS sequences revealed that C. zixishanensis was grouped into the genus Coltriciella, in which it was grouped with Co. globosa and Co. pseudodependens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 12644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Umbellaceae fam. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) for Umbellus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. and Three New Combinations

by Xue-Wei Wang and Li-Wei Zhou

J. Fungi 2024, 10(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010022 - 28 Dec 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1469

Abstract

Hymenochaetales, belonging to Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, comprises most polypores and corticioid fungi and, also, a few agarics. The latest taxonomic framework accepts 14 families in this order. When further exploring species diversity of Hymenochaetales, two corticioid specimens collected from China [...] Read more.

Hymenochaetales, belonging to Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, comprises most polypores and corticioid fungi and, also, a few agarics. The latest taxonomic framework accepts 14 families in this order. When further exploring species diversity of Hymenochaetales, two corticioid specimens collected from China producing cystidia with large umbrella-shaped crystalline heads attracted our attention. This kind of cystidia was reported only in three unsequenced species, viz. Tubulicrinis corneri, T. hamatus and T. umbraculus, which were accepted in Tubulicrinaceae, Hymenochaetales. The current multilocus-based phylogeny supports that the two Chinese specimens formed an independent lineage from Tubulicrinaceae as well as the additional 13 families and all sampled genera in Hymenochaetales. Therefore, a monotypic family, Umbellaceae, is newly described with the new genus Umbellus as the type genus to represent this lineage. The two Chinese specimens are newly described as U. sinensis, which differs from T. corneri, T. hamatus, and T. umbraculus in a combination of a smooth to grandinioid hymenophoral surface, not flattened, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a tiny apiculus, and growth on angiosperm wood. Due to the presence of the unique cystidia, the three species of Tubulicrinis, even though they lack available molecular sequences, are transferred to Umbellus as U. corneri, U. hamatus, and U. umbraculus. Hereafter, all known species with large umbrella-shaped crystalline-headed cystidia are in a single genus. In summary, the current study provides a supplement to the latest taxonomic framework of Hymenochaetales and will help to further explore species diversity and the evolution of this fungal order. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution of Forestry Fungi, 2nd Edition)

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Figure 1
Phylogenetic position of Umbellaceae (marked with a red star) within Hymenochaetales, inferred from the combined dataset of nrSSU, ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, and RPB2 regions. The topology has been generated using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The maximum likelihood bootstrap values and the Bayesian posterior probability values above 50% and 0.8, respectively are shown at the nodes. Boletopsis leucomelaena and Thelephora ganbajun from Thelephorales have been selected as outgroup taxa. Full article ">Figure 2
Basidiomes of Umbellus sinensis. (a,b) LWZ 20190615-27 (holotype). (c,d) LWZ 20190615-39 (paratype). Scale bars: (a,c) = 0.1 mm, (b,d) = 1 cm. Full article ">Figure 3
Scanning electron micrograph of cystidia of Umbellus sinensis. (a,b) LWZ 20190615-27 (holotype). (c,d) LWZ 20190615-39 (paratype). Scale bars: (a–c) = 10 μm, (d) = 5 μm. Full article ">Figure 4
Microscopic structures of Umbellus sinensis (drawn from LWZ 20190615-27, holotype). (a) Basidiospores. (b) Basidia and basidioles. (c) Cystidia from the subhymenium. (d) Cystidia from subiculum. (e) Hyphae from subiculum. (f) A vertical section through hymenium. Scale bar: for (a) = 5 μm; for (b–f) = 10 μm. Full article ">

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