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IJMS
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Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress Tolerance: 2nd Edition
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Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress Tolerance: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 911

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. De-Guo Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: transcription factors in abiotic stress (cold, drought, salt, etc.) and response of fruit
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants in the natural environment are constantly challenged by changes in the environment, including abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, heat, cold, and nutrient deficiency adversely affect plant growth, development, and productivity. Biotic stress, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants, is a major focus of agricultural research due to the vast economic losses caused to cash crops. Plants have evolved a series of regulatory mechanisms to cope with stress in the process of adapting to abiotic or biotic stress. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of plant stress tolerance to adversity is beneficial in selecting excellent resistant varieties.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for research on the physiology and molecular biology of plant stress tolerance. We believe that this Special Issue will be helpful to researchers and to the improvement of plants’ tolerance to stresses in the future. We welcome your submission of original papers and reviews containing molecular results.

Prof. Dr. De-Guo Han
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant–pathogen interactions
  • biotic and abiotic stress
  • plant innate immunity
  • phytohormones
  • genes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 6614 KiB  
Article
5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)-Induced Drought Resistance in Maize Seedling Root at Physiological and Transcriptomic Levels
by Yaqiong Shi, Zihao Jin, Jingyi Wang, Guangkuo Zhou, Fang Wang and Yunling Peng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312963 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 613
Abstract
Drought stress seriously affects the growth, development, yield, and quality of maize. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 5-ALA on root morphology and physiological changes in maize seedlings and to detect its regulatory network. The results showed that adding 25 [...] Read more.
Drought stress seriously affects the growth, development, yield, and quality of maize. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 5-ALA on root morphology and physiological changes in maize seedlings and to detect its regulatory network. The results showed that adding 25 mg/L 5-ALA accelerated root morphogenesis (root average diameter, main root length, total root length, and root surface area) and promoted dry matter accumulation and free radical removal. Transcriptome analysis showed that after applying exogenous 5-ALA, differently expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in histidine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, plasma membrane components, secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity, and anion reverse transporter activity. Two inbred lines specifically responded to organelle and structural molecular activity, and 5-ALA may regulate maize roots to achieve drought tolerance through these two pathways. In addition, candidate genes that may regulate maize root growth were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). These genes may play important roles in alleviating drought stress through lignin synthesis, heat shock proteins, iron storage and transport, calcium binding proteins, and plasma membrane regulation of exogenous regulator 5-ALA. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the response of maize seedling roots to drought and the mechanism of exogenous hormones in alleviating drought. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress Tolerance: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Root scans of maize inbred seedlings under different treatments. CK: distilled water treatment; PEG: 15% PEG treatment; AP: 25 mg/L5-ALA + 15%PEG treatment.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Different lowercase letters represent the same inbred line with significant differences under different treatments (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). CK: distilled water treatment; PEG: 15% PEG treatment; AP: 25 mg/L5-ALA + 15%PEG treatment. (<b>a</b>) Root/shoot ratio; (<b>b</b>) Number of lateral roots; (<b>c</b>) Relative water content.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Different lowercase letters represent the same inbred line with significant difference under different treatments (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). CK: distilled water treatment; PEG: 15% PEG treatment; AP: 25 mg/L5-ALA + 15% PEG treatment. (<b>a</b>) Proline content; (<b>b</b>) Relative electric conductivity; (<b>c</b>) MDA content; (<b>d</b>) SOD activity; (<b>e</b>) POD activity; (<b>f</b>) CAT activity.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Heatmap of the expression quantity correlation between two samples. T-CK: Distilled water treatment TS141; T-PEG: 15% PEG processing TS141; T-AP: 25 mg/L 5-ALA + 15% PEG to treat TS141; Z-CK: Distillation water treatment Zheng58; Z-PEG: 15% PEG treatment Zheng58; Z-AP: 25 mg/L 5-ALA + 15% PEG treatment Zheng58; The number after the sample number indicates that the same treatment is repeated.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Upregulated and downregulated DEG numbers and Venn analysis between different treatments. (<b>a</b>) Downregulated distribution of DEG numbers in different treatment groups; (<b>b</b>) Venn analysis of expressed genes in different treatment groups; (<b>c</b>) Venn diagram analysis of upregulated DEG numbers in different treatment groups; (<b>d</b>) Venn analysis of downregulated DEG numbers in different treatment groups.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>GO annotations of inbred lines TS141 and Zheng58 under different treatments. (<b>a</b>) GO annotations for inbred line TS141 under normal treatment and drought stress; (<b>b</b>) GO annotations for inbred line Zheng58 under normal treatment and drought stress; (<b>c</b>) GO annotation for inbred line TS141 under 5-ALA application; (<b>d</b>) GO annotation for inbred line Zheng58 under 5-ALA application.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>KEGG metabolic pathway analysis of TS141 and Zheng58 under different treatments. (<b>a</b>) KEGG metabolic pathways of TS141 under normal treatment and drought stress; (<b>b</b>) KEGG metabolic pathways of Zheng58 under normal treatment and drought stress; (<b>c</b>) KEGG metabolic pathway of TS141 under external application of 5-ALA; (<b>d</b>) KEGG metabolic pathway of Zheng58 under 5-ALA application.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>The expression patterns of 5 selected genes identified by RNA-seq was verified by qRT-PCR. (<b>a</b>) Heat map showing the expression changes (logy-fold change) in response to the Z-AP, T-CK, T-AP, Z-CK, T-PEG, and Z-PEG treatments for each candidate gene as measured by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR; (<b>b</b>) Scatter plot showing the changes in the expression (logy-fold change) of selected genes based on RNA-seq via qRT-PCR. Gene expression levels are indicated by colored bars.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Module construction based on WGCNA. (<b>a</b>) Gene network module; (<b>b</b>) Gene co-expression network heat map; (<b>c</b>) Gene phylogenetic tree and trait correlation heat map; (<b>d</b>) Heatmap of correlations between modules and traits. The closer the correlation is to the absolute value of 1, the more relevant the trait is to the gene of the module.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Functional analysis of genes in the blue and turquoise modules. (<b>a</b>) GO enrichment analysis in the yellow module; (<b>b</b>) KEGG enrichment analysis in the yellow module; (<b>c</b>) GO enrichment analysis in the turquoise module; (<b>d</b>) KEGG enrichment analysis in the turquoise module.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Co-expression regulatory network analysis of the blue module. Red represents hub genes. (<b>a</b>) Network interaction analysis of hub genes in the yellow module; (<b>b</b>) Network interaction analysis of hub genes in the turquoise module. The color gradients of the dots represent high or low soft thresholds of connectivity, with a redder dot color representing a higher soft threshold of connectivity.</p> Full article ">
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