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Crystals
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Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices
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Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1818

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yaoxing Bian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030006, China
Interests: organic photonics; microcavity laser; single-pixel imaging
Dr. Xiaoyu Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: organic photonics; microcavity laser; random laser
Dr. Junhua Tong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: organic photonics; microcavity laser; random laser

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic, optical, functional materials and devices have potential application prospects in imaging, information security, industry, sensing, and medical treatment, and are the core of future photonics development. It is our pleasure to announce that Crystals has launched a new Special Issue on the research topic of “Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices”. As you are a leading expert in related fields, we would like to sincerely invite you to participate in this Special Issue by submitting your recent research results or a review in your field of interest.

Your contribution may cover research topics such as the new designs of light-emitting diodes, light-emitting materials and devices, organic flexible driving material, organic smart material, recording, integrated optics, processing of organic materials for applications, laser devices based on micro- or nano-structured or micro- or nano-cavity lasers, random lasers, non-Hermitian, parity–time symmetry, sensors, or photodetection techniques.

Dr. Yaoxing Bian
Dr. Xiaoyu Shi
Dr. Junhua Tong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • micro- and nano-cavity lasers
  • random laser
  • light-emitting materials and devices
  • photophysics and spectroscopy for light-emitting materials
  • photodetection techniques
  • sensors
  • micro-nano structured organic semiconductor materials and devices
  • non-Hermitian
  • parity–time symmetry
  • organic flexible driving material
  • organic smart material

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5425 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive SnS2/rGO-Based Gas Sensor for Detecting Chemical Warfare Agents at Room Temperature: A Theoretical Study Based on First-Principles Calculations
by Ting Liang, Huaizhang Wang, Huaning Jiang, Yelin Qi, Rui Yan, Jiangcun Li and Yanlei Shangguan
Crystals 2024, 14(12), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121008 - 21 Nov 2024
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are known as poor man’s bombs because of their small lethal dose, cheapness, and ease of production. Therefore, the highly sensitive and rapid detection of CWAs at room temperature (RT = 25 °C) is essential. In this paper, we [...] Read more.
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are known as poor man’s bombs because of their small lethal dose, cheapness, and ease of production. Therefore, the highly sensitive and rapid detection of CWAs at room temperature (RT = 25 °C) is essential. In this paper, we have developed a resistive semiconductor sensor for the highly sensitive detection of CWAs at RT. The gas-sensing material is SnS2/rGO nanosheets (NSs) prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The lower detection limits of the SnS2/rGO NSs-based gas sensor were 0.05 mg/m3 and 0.1 mg/m3 for the typical chemical weapons sarin (GB) and sulfur mustard (HD), respectively. The responsivity can reach −3.54% and −10.2% in 95 s for 1.0 mg/m3 GB, and in 47 s for 1.0 mg/m3 HD. They are 1.17 and 2.71 times higher than the previously reported Nb-MoS2 NSs-based gas sensors, respectively. In addition, it has better repeatability (RSD = 6.77%) and stability for up to 10 weeks (RSD = 20.99%). Furthermore, to simplify the work of later researchers based on the detection of CWAs by two-dimensional transition metal sulfur compounds (2D-TMDCs), we carried out calculations of the SnS2 NSs-based and SnS2/rGO NSs-based gas sensor-adsorbing CWAs. Detailed comparisons are made in conjunction with experimental results. For different materials, it was found that the SnS2/rGO NSs-based gas sensor performed better in all aspects of adsorbing CWAs in the experimental results. Adsorbed CWAs at a distance smaller than that of the SnS2 NSs-based gas sensor in the theoretical calculations, as well as its adsorption energy and transferred charge, were larger than those of the SnS2 NSs-based gas sensor. For different CWAs, the experimental results show that the sensitivity of the SnS2/rGO NSs-based gas sensor for the adsorption of GB is higher than that of HD, and accordingly, the theoretical calculations show that the adsorption distance of the SnS2/rGO NSs-based gas sensor for the adsorption of GB is smaller than that of HD, and the adsorption energy and the amount of transferred charge are larger than that of HD. This regularity conclusion proves the feasibility of adsorption of CWAs by gas sensors based on SnS2 NSs, as well as the feasibility and reliability of theoretical prediction experiments. This work lays a good theoretical foundation for subsequent rapid screenings of gas sensors with gas-sensitive materials for detecting CWAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) Sensor electrode physical picture; (<b>b</b>) SEM images of the SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs; (<b>c</b>) TEM images of the SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs; (<b>d</b>) the high-resolution TEM image.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO (<b>a</b>) XRD characterization; (<b>b</b>) Raman spectra; (<b>c</b>) EDS elemental mapping.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The response–recovery curve of the SnS<sub>2</sub> and SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs-based gas sensor was exposed to various concentrations of (<b>a</b>) GB and (<b>b</b>) HD vapor ranging from 0.05 to 1.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. (<b>c</b>) Three successive sensing cycles of the SnS<sub>2</sub> NSs-based and SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs-based gas sensors were continuously exposed to 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> GB. (<b>d</b>) Long-term stability of the SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs-based gas sensor was exposed to 0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> GB for ten weeks.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Sensing schematic diagram of SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs (<b>a</b>) in air and (<b>b</b>) adsorption GB.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Structural modeling of (<b>a</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub>; (<b>b</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO; (<b>c</b>) GB; and (<b>d</b>) HD. Optimal adsorption sites of GB on (<b>e</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub> and (<b>f</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO surfaces. Optimal adsorption sites of HD on (<b>g</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub> and (<b>h</b>) SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO surfaces.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Differential charge-density plots of SnS<sub>2</sub> adsorption on (<b>a</b>) GB and (<b>b</b>) HD; differential charge-density plots of SnS<sub>2</sub>/GO adsorption on (<b>c</b>) GB and (<b>d</b>) HD. (The isosurfaces take the value of 0.02 eV/Å. Green is the region of concentration of electrons. Light blue is the region of dissipation of electrons).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) Energy band structure and (<b>b</b>) density-of-state plots for SnS<sub>2</sub>. (<b>c</b>) Energy band structure and (<b>d</b>) density-of-state plots for SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO. (<b>e</b>) Energy band structure and (<b>f</b>) density-of-state plots of SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs-adsorbed GB. (<b>g</b>) Energy band structure and (<b>h</b>) density-of-state plots of SnS<sub>2</sub>/rGO NSs-adsorbed HD.</p> Full article ">
14 pages, 7374 KiB  
Article
Revealing Enhanced Optical Modulation and Coloration Efficiency in Nanogranular WO3 Thin Films Through Precursor Concentration Modifications
by Pritam J. Morankar, Rutuja U. Amate, Namita A. Ahir and Chan-Wook Jeon
Crystals 2024, 14(11), 915; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110915 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) materials allow for dynamic tuning of optical properties via an applied electric field, presenting great potential in energy-efficient technologies, such as smart windows for effective light and temperature regulation. The precise control of precursor concentration has proven to be a powerful [...] Read more.
Electrochromic (EC) materials allow for dynamic tuning of optical properties via an applied electric field, presenting great potential in energy-efficient technologies, such as smart windows for effective light and temperature regulation. The precise control of precursor concentration has proven to be a powerful approach in tailoring the physicochemical properties of semiconducting metal oxides. In this study, we employed a one-step electrodeposition technique to fabricate tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films, systematically exploring how varying precursor concentrations influence the material’s characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed significant changes in diffraction patterns, reflecting subtle structural modifications due to concentration variations. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the microstructure, showing a progression from small nanogranules to larger agglomerations within the film matrix. The W-25 mM thin film delivered exceptional EC performance, efficiently accommodating lithium ions while showcasing superior EC properties. The optimized electrode, denoted as W-25 mM, showcased exceptional EC metrics, featuring the highest optical modulation at 82.66%, outstanding reversibility at 99%, and a notably high coloring efficiency of 83.01 cm2/C. These findings emphasize the importance of precursor concentration optimization in enhancing the EC properties of WO3 thin films, contributing to the advancement of high-performance, energy-efficient materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>(<b>a</b>) XRD and (<b>b</b>) combined Raman spectra of W-20 mM, W-25 mM, and W-30 mM samples prepared by electrodeposition technique.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>FE-SEM and cross sectional images of (<b>a1</b>,<b>a2</b>) W-20 mM, (<b>b1</b>,<b>b2</b>) W-25 mM, and (<b>c1</b>,<b>c2</b>) W-30 mM samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) High-resolution XPS survey spectra; (<b>b</b>) W 4f spectra; (<b>c</b>) O 1s XPS core level of W-25 mM thin film.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Cyclic voltammetry of (<b>a</b>) W-20 mM, W-25 mM, and W-30 mM thin films at scan rate of 10 mV/s (<b>b</b>–<b>d</b>) CV plot of W-20 mM, W-25 mM, and W-30 thin films at different scan rates (10–100 mV/s). (<b>e</b>) Plot of peak current versus (scan rate)<sup>1/2</sup> of all samples for the diffusion coefficient.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Transmittance spectrum of (<b>a</b>) W-20 mM, (<b>b</b>) W-25 mM, and (<b>c</b>) W-30 mM thin films at the colored and bleached states from 300 to 1100 nm range over potential window ±1 versus Ag/AgCl and (<b>d</b>) digital photographs of W-25 mM thin film in both its colored and bleached states.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) Chronocoulometry (CC) trace. (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>) Chronoamperometric response time with in situ transmittance measurements of W-20 mM, W-25 mM, and W-30 mM thin films.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Plot of the long-term in-situ optical response as a function of time of (<b>a</b>) W-20 mM, (<b>b</b>) W-25 mM, and (<b>c</b>) W-30 mM thin films.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 8157 KiB  
Article
Molybdenum-Modified Niobium Oxide: A Pathway to Superior Electrochromic Materials for Smart Windows and Displays
by Rutuja U. Amate, Pritam J. Morankar, Aviraj M. Teli, Sonali A. Beknalkar and Chan-Wook Jeon
Crystals 2024, 14(10), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100906 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 685
Abstract
Electrochromic materials enable the precise control of their optical properties, making them essential for energy-saving applications such as smart windows. This study focuses on the synthesis of molybdenum-doped niobium oxide (Mo-Nb2O5) thin films using a one-step hydrothermal method to [...] Read more.
Electrochromic materials enable the precise control of their optical properties, making them essential for energy-saving applications such as smart windows. This study focuses on the synthesis of molybdenum-doped niobium oxide (Mo-Nb2O5) thin films using a one-step hydrothermal method to investigate the effect of Mo doping on the material’s electrochromic performance. Mo incorporation led to distinct morphological changes and a transition from a compact granular structure to an anisotropic rod-like feature. Notably, the MN-3 (0.3% Mo) sample displayed an optimal electrochromic performance, achieving 77% optical modulation at 600 nm, a near-perfect reversibility of 99%, and a high coloration efficiency of 89 cm2/C. Additionally, MN-3 exhibited excellent cycling stability, with only 0.8% degradation over 5000 s. The MN-3 device also displayed impressive control over color switching, underscoring its potential for practical applications. These results highlight the significant impact of Mo doping on improving the structural and electrochromic properties of Nb2O5 thin films, offering improved ion intercalation and charge transport. This study underscores the potential of Mo-Nb2O5 for practical applications in energy-efficient technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Photonics: Organic Optical Functional Materials and Devices)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Detailed depiction of the Mo-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> synthesis process.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) XRD spectra of Mo-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> samples synthesized via the hydrothermal method; (<b>b</b>) XPS survey spectra of MN-3 sample; (<b>c</b>) Nb 3d spectra; (<b>d</b>) Mo 3d spectra; and (<b>e</b>) O 1s spectra.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>FE-SEM images of (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>a<sub>3</sub></b>) MN-0, (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>b<sub>3</sub></b>) MN-1, (<b>c<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>c<sub>3</sub></b>) MN-3, and (<b>d<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>d<sub>3</sub></b>) MN-5 samples at different magnifications.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>EDS and elemental mapping analysis of (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>a<sub>3</sub></b>) MN-0, (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>b<sub>4</sub></b>) MN-1, (<b>c<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>c<sub>4</sub></b>) MN-3, and (<b>d<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>d<sub>4</sub></b>) MN-5 samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Cyclic voltammetry of Mo-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> samples at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, cyclic voltammetry plot of (<b>b</b>) MN-0 (<b>c</b>) MN-1, (<b>d</b>) MN-3, and (<b>e</b>) MN-5 samples at different scan rates (10–100 mV/s), (<b>f</b>) Plot of peak current vs. (scan rate)<sup>1/2</sup>.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>In situ optical transmittance spectrum of the (<b>a</b>) MN-0, (<b>b</b>) MN-1, (<b>c</b>) MN-3, and (<b>d</b>) MN-5 thin films in the colored and bleached states in the range from 350 to 1100 nm; (<b>e</b>) digital photographs of the MN-3 thin film in its colored and bleached states.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Chronocoulometry (CC) plots of (<b>a</b>) MN-0, (<b>b</b>) MN-1, (<b>c</b>) MN-3, and (<b>d</b>) MN-5 Mo-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> thin films.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>EC response time with the in situ transmittance cycle of (<b>a</b>) MN-0, (<b>b</b>) MN-1, (<b>c</b>) MN-3, and (<b>d</b>) MN-5 thin films in the colored and bleached state in a 40 s cycle.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>(<b>a</b>) The long-term transmittance cycles (<b>b</b>) chronoamperometry curves as a function of time measured over 5000 s duration of MN-3 sample, the long-term transmittance cycles of (<b>c</b>) MN-0, (<b>d</b>) MN-1, and (<b>e</b>) MN-5 samples measured for 1000 s.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>(<b>a</b>) Photograph of the MN-3 EC device in its colored and bleached states. (<b>b</b>) In situ transmittance spectra of the device. (<b>c</b>) Long-term transmittance spectra at 600 nm detailing the device’s stability performance.</p> Full article ">
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