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Biosensors
Special Issues
Bioelectronics and Biosensors Using Novel Metal-Oxide and Semiconductor Materials
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Bioelectronics and Biosensors Using Novel Metal-Oxide and Semiconductor Materials

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 1915

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ateet Dutt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Interests: optical biosensors; silicon; nanowires; ZnO; material science; optics; luminescence; solar cells; CVD; spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge biosensors that use novel metal oxide and semiconductor materials to detect microorganisms and related diseases. Advances in microfluidics, nanofluidics, IoT, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have made biosensors more accessible, affordable, and efficient for patient diagnosis. The integration of AI is propelling the design and implementation of next-generation biosensors, presenting both exciting opportunities and unique challenges. Additionally, innovations in bioreceptor technology, such as molecular imprinting, are becoming key drivers of biosensor development. We invite contributions of original research, reviews, and expert perspectives to enhance this collection and advance the field of biosensing, with topics of interest including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Novel Materials: Synthesis and characterization of new metal oxide or semiconductor materials for biosensors or bioelectronic applications;
  • Device Design and Fabrication: Innovative fabrication techniques for biosensors and bioelectronics and innovative techniques, like IoT and AI, combined with biosensors and bioelectronics.
  • Biosensing Mechanisms: Mechanistic studies on the interaction of biomolecules with metal oxide and semiconductor materials.
  • Applications: Clinical applications of bioelectronics and biosensors disease diagnosis and monitoring; environmental monitoring; and food safety applications utilizing novel materials.

Dr. Ateet Dutt
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensors
  • pathogens
  • biomarkers
  • analytes
  • IoMT
  • AI
  • transducer
  • POC
  • MIP
  • wearable sensors
  • optical
  • electrochemical

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3000 KiB  
Article
The Effect of GO Flake Size on Field-Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensor Performance for Detection of Ions and PACAP 38
by Seungjun Lee, Jongdeok Park, Jaeyoon Song, Jae-Joon Lee and Jinsik Kim
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020086 - 5 Feb 2025
Viewed by 439
Abstract
The performance development of rGO-FET biosensors by analyzing the influence of GO flake size on biosensing efficacy. GO flakes of varying sizes, from 1 µm to 20 µm, were prepared under controlled conditions, followed by characterization through SEM and XPS to evaluate their [...] Read more.
The performance development of rGO-FET biosensors by analyzing the influence of GO flake size on biosensing efficacy. GO flakes of varying sizes, from 1 µm to 20 µm, were prepared under controlled conditions, followed by characterization through SEM and XPS to evaluate their size, surface area, and C/O ratio. The biosensing performance was systematically assessed by rGO-FET biosensors, examining the effects of GO flake size, C/O ratio, and film thickness. PACAP38 was employed as a biomarker for receptor-mediated detection, while chlorine ions served as model analytes for receptor-free small molecule detection. The results indicate that decreasing the GO flake size enhanced the performance for both target biomolecules. These findings highlight the crucial importance of selecting GO flake sizes specific to target analytes and detection strategies, thereby optimizing biosensor efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioelectronics and Biosensors Using Novel Metal-Oxide and Semiconductor Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic showing the utilization of ≈1, ≈10, and ≈20 μm size of graphene flakes to verify rGO-FET biosensor sensitivity differences by controlling the graphene flake size.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Size analysis of as-prepared GO flakes. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) show the size and area distributions of the ≈10 and ≈20 μm GO flakes, respectively. The scale bar of each SEM image is 10 μm. (<b>C</b>) Morphological characteristics of prepared GO flakes. Variation values of the major axis, minor axis, area, and aspect ratio of the GO flakes.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>PACAP38 and chlorine detection using a controlled GO flake. (<b>A</b>) Resistance changes according to receptor immobilization depending on the GO flake size. (<b>B</b>) PACAP38 detection in the concentration range of 10 pg/mL~10 ng/mL for GO flakes of different sizes. (<b>C</b>) Linear slope of chlorine detection within a certain concentration range. (<b>D</b>) PACAP38 and chlorine detection slope of the linear function analysis with ≈1, ≈10, and ≈20 μm size of GO flakes.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>PACAP38 and chlorine detection analysis by GO flake surface area and C/O ratio. (<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) Normalized PACAP38 detection results by surface area and C/O ratio of GO flakes, respectively. (<b>C</b>) Normalized chlorine detection results based on the GO flake surface area. (<b>D</b>) The sensitivity from the normalized result of each GO flake.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>PACAP38 and chlorine detection with controlled GO flake 30 depositions. (<b>A</b>) Resistance changes according to receptor immobilization depending on GO flake size. (<b>B</b>) PACAP38 detection in the concentration range of 10~100 ng/mL in GO flakes of different sizes. (<b>C</b>) The linear function slope of chlorine detection in a certain range of concentrations. (<b>D</b>) PACAP38 and chlorine detection slope of linear function analysis with ≈1, ≈10, and ≈20 μm size of GO flakes.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Thirty depositions condition of the graphene biosensor for PACAP38 and chlorine detection analysis based on GO flake surface area and C/O ratio. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Normalized PACAP38 detection result by surface area and C/O ratio of GO flake, respectively. (<b>C</b>) Normalized chlorine detection results for GO flake surface area. (<b>D</b>) The sensitivity from the normalized result of each GO flake.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Analysis of the effect of the graphene C/O ratio or surface area through sensitivity derived from the measured values of PACAP38 and chlorine measured in 20 and 30 depositions condition sensors implemented using graphene flakes of sizes ≈1, ≈10, and ≈20 μm. The <span class="html-italic">p</span>-values based on the number of depositions and flake sizes were determined using <span class="html-italic">t</span>-tests and are represented as follows: *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, and ns (not significant) for <span class="html-italic">p</span> &gt; 0.05. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Analysis of the sensitivity values obtained by measuring PACAP38 in 20 and 30 deposition sensors as surface area and C/O ratio. (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) Sensitivity values obtained by measuring chlorine as surface area and C/O ratio analyzed by value.</p> Full article ">
14 pages, 3204 KiB  
Article
Role of en-APTAS Membranes in Enhancing the NO2 Gas-Sensing Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube/ZnO-Based Memristor Gas Sensors
by Ibtisam Ahmad, Mohsin Ali and Hee-Dong Kim
Biosensors 2024, 14(12), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14120635 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 692
Abstract
NO2 is a toxic gas that can damage the lungs with prolonged exposure and contribute to health conditions, such as asthma in children. Detecting NO2 is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for NO [...] Read more.
NO2 is a toxic gas that can damage the lungs with prolonged exposure and contribute to health conditions, such as asthma in children. Detecting NO2 is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for NO2 gas sensors due to their excellent electronic properties and high adsorption energy for NO2 molecules. However, conventional CNT-based sensors face challenges, including low responses at room temperature (RT) and slow recovery times. This study introduces a memristor-based NO2 gas sensor comprising CNT/ZnO/ITO decorated with an N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylene diamine (en-APTAS) membrane to enhance room-temperature-sensing performance. The amine groups in the en-APTAS membrane increase adsorption sites and boost charge transfer interactions between NO2 and the CNT surface. This modification improves the sensor’s response by 60% at 20 ppm compared to the undecorated counterpart. However, the high adsorption energy of NO2 slows the recovery process. To overcome this, a pulse-recovery method was implemented, applying a −2.5 V pulse with a 1 ms width, enabling the sensor to return to its baseline within 1 ms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of en-APTAS decoration and pulse-recovery techniques in improving the sensitivity, response, and recovery of CNT-based gas sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioelectronics and Biosensors Using Novel Metal-Oxide and Semiconductor Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic illustration of (<b>a</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor; (<b>b</b>) sensing mode in HRS; (<b>c</b>) pulse-recovery process. The pink line shows the schematics of transient response curve; the blue line shows a pulse with an amplitude of −2.5 V with a pulse width of 1 ms and recovery mode in HRS.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) COMSOL simulation of CNTs-CFH gas sensor; (<b>b</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Cross-sectional FE-SEM image of device. High-resolution XPS spectra of (<b>b</b>) Zn 2P and (<b>c</b>) O 1s from ZnO film. (<b>d</b>) XPS spectra of N1s peak with bare CNTs and en-APTAS-decorated CNTs; (<b>e</b>) XPS spectra of C 1s peaks of bare CNTs sample and (<b>f</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>I-V curve of the gasistor with (<b>a</b>) CNTs-CFH gas sensor and (<b>b</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor. (<b>c</b>) Schematics of pulse recovery; (<b>d</b>) sensor stabilities of CNTs-CFH gas sensor and en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH-based gas sensor in ambient environment under constant V<sub>sensing</sub>; (<b>e</b>) endurance of the en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor; (<b>f</b>) retention of 10<sup>4</sup> s of the en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Gas sensing characteristics of (<b>a</b>) CNTs-CFH gas sensor and (<b>b</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor. (<b>c</b>) Evaluated gas sensing response % of CNTs-CFH and en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensors. (<b>d</b>) Evaluated gas sensing response time of CNTs-CFH and en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensors.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) Transient response of gas sensing measurements of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> gas and (<b>b</b>) NO gas to evaluate the selectivity of the gas sensors; (<b>c</b>) evaluated response percentages comparison with response percentage of NO<sub>2</sub> gas; (<b>d</b>) transient response curves of en-APTAS-decorated CNTs-CFH gas sensor at relative humidity levels of 50%, 70%, and 90%. Inset shows the evaluation of response degradation due to relative humidity effect.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Schematics of interaction of NO<sub>2</sub> gas with (<b>a</b>) CNTs and (<b>b</b>) en-APTAS-decorated CNTs.</p> Full article ">
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