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Bioengineering
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The Use of Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics in Sports Monitoring...
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The Use of Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics in Sports Monitoring and Health Promotion

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomechanics and Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 4033

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mário Jorge Costa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 420-540 Porto, Portugal
2. Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
Interests: sport sciences; swimming; aquatic exercise; training effects; performance; testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Catarina Costa Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: biomechanics; swimming; water fitness; performance; monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human movement is somehow complex and adaptive considering the degree of the external stimulus. The large spectrum of sport sciences and medicine requires the definition of tools that can expand our ability to non-invasively obtain accurate information and redefine movement patterns. Biomedical engineering and biomechanics are key disciplines that contribute with the most suitable or reliable methods for regular assessments and help uncover sports injuries, enhance performance or promote healthy habits throughout life. Those are key disciplines that serve the daily practice of sport physicians, coaches and other health-related professionals, and help in defining training loads or exercise prescription, if appropriate. For this Special Issue, we encourage authors to contribute their most recent findings using cutting-edge technology in sports monitoring and health promotion across biomedical engineering and biomechanical areas. Specific topics of interests for this Special Issue include (but are not limited to):

  • Biomedical engineering;
  • Sports biomechanics;
  • Sports engineering;
  • Valid and reliable methodologies for testing and analysis;
  • Wearable devices and sensors for biomechanical analysis;
  • Effects in health- and performance-related parameters;
  • Monitoring physical activity and exercise;
  • Biomechanical diagnostics in rehabilitation.

Dr. Mário Jorge Costa
Dr. Catarina Costa Santos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioengineering
  • biomedical
  • biomechanics
  • sports monitoring
  • health promotion

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3156 KiB  
Article
Alterations in the Neuromuscular Control Mechanism of the Legs During a Post-Fatigue Landing Make the Lower Limbs More Susceptible to Injury
by Penglei Fan, Youngsuk Kim, Dong-Wook Han, Sukwon Kim and Ting Wang
Bioengineering 2025, 12(3), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030233 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 309
Abstract
Fatigue causes the lower limb to land in an injury-prone state, but the underlying neuromuscular control changes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate lower limb muscle synergies during landing in basketball players, both before and after fatigue, to examine alterations in neuromuscular [...] Read more.
Fatigue causes the lower limb to land in an injury-prone state, but the underlying neuromuscular control changes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate lower limb muscle synergies during landing in basketball players, both before and after fatigue, to examine alterations in neuromuscular control strategies induced by fatigue. Eighteen male recreational basketball players performed landing tasks pre- and post-fatigue induced by 10 × 10 countermovement jumps. Electromyographic (EMG) data from eight muscles, including the erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominus (RA), gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SM), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, were analyzed using non-negative matrix factorization to extract muscle synergies. Post-fatigue results revealed significant changes: synergy primitive 1 decreased before landing (18–30% phase) and synergy primitive 2 decreased after landing (60–100% phase). Muscle weights of the LG and SM in synergy module 2 increased. Fatigue reduced synergistic muscle activation levels, compromising joint stability and increasing knee joint loading due to greater reliance on calf muscles. These changes heighten the risk of lower limb injuries. To mitigate fatigue-induced injury risks, athletes should improve thigh muscle endurance and enhance neuromuscular control, fostering better synergy between thigh and calf muscles during fatigued conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics in Sports Monitoring and Health Promotion)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic diagram of the experimental flow.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>EMG sensor placement position and experimental setup. ES: erector spinae; RA: rectus abdominus; GM: gluteus maximus; RF: rectus femoris; BF: biceps femoris; LG: lateral gastrocnemius; SM: soleus; TA: tibialis anterior.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Flowchart of EMG signal processing to obtain the EMG matrix. ES: erector spinae; RA: rectus abdominus; GM: gluteus maximus; RF: rectus femoris; BF: biceps femoris; LG: lateral gastrocnemius; SM: soleus; TA: tibialis anterior.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Synergy modules and synergy primitives pre- and post-fatigue intervention in 18 participants (M1 is synergy module 1, M2 is synergy module 2, P1 is synergy primitive 1, and P2 is synergy primitive 2; mean ± SD). In the M-plot, the Y-axis is the weight of the muscle, and the X-axis is the muscle name. In the P-plot, the Y-axis represents the degree of activation of the module, and the X-axis represents the normalized 101 data points, with the 50% dashed line in the middle indicating the moment of initial contact with the ground.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Paired <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test results for each muscle in synergy module 1 and synergy module 2 for pre and post-fatigue intervention. Pre-fatigue intervention in blue and post-fatigue intervention in red, * is a significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), ** is a very significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>SPM paired samples <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test comparing differences between synergy primitives in pre- and post-fatigue interventions. The blue line as pre-fatigue intervention, the red line as post-fatigue intervention, with shading denoting the stage in which the difference occurred.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 1710 KiB  
Article
Swimming Velocity Analysis Using Wearable Inertial Sensors and Speedometer: A Comparative Study
by Leandro Vieira, Mário J. Costa, Catarina C. Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Susana Soares, Márcio F. Goethel and João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Bioengineering 2024, 11(8), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080757 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1851
Abstract
The speedometer is widely used to evaluate swimming velocity but has some constraints. With the constant development of inertial units (IMUs), it is expected that they will become a good alternative to the speedometer. This study aimed to compare the data retrieved by [...] Read more.
The speedometer is widely used to evaluate swimming velocity but has some constraints. With the constant development of inertial units (IMUs), it is expected that they will become a good alternative to the speedometer. This study aimed to compare the data retrieved by an IMU and a speedometer when breaststroke is performed at maximum speed. Sixteen swimmers, nine males and seven females (20.3 ± 3.3 vs. 18.7 ± 1.1 years old, 65.8 ± 11.2 vs. 57.7 ± 9.1 kg of body mass and 1.75 ± 0.07 vs. 1.61 ± 0.10 m of height, respectively), performed 4 × 25 m of breaststroke sprint. They were equipped with an IMU fixed to the sacrum and with the line of an electromechanical speedometer (acquisition frequency of 50 Hz) fixed at the central point in the lumbar region. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the velocity curves, IBM SPSS was used for descriptive statistics and Bland–Altman plots were used for agreement of measurements. The results show that the IMU and speedometer do not show similar patterns, and the velocity values measured by the IMU are lower (p < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots presented a larger bias in terms of coefficient of variation and intracycle velocity variation. It can be concluded that IMUs and speedometers are not substitutes for each other as methods for evaluating intracycle velocity variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics in Sports Monitoring and Health Promotion)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Average male and female breaststroke cycle and respective Statistical Parametric Mapping representation (upper and lower panels, respectively). In red and marked with an asterisk is the value of the t statistic for the upper and lower significance thresholds.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Set of eight average breaststroke swimming cycles (male and female) and respective Statistical Parametric Mapping to compare measurements (upper and lower panels, respectively). In red and marked with an asterisk is the value of the t statistic for the upper and lower significance thresholds. The time elapsed in the different cycles is standardized, expressing a temporal uniformity in percentage (Time%). Eight mean cycles, being 100% to each, correspond to 800% total time.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Agreement between IMU and speedometer data for IVV female, IVV male and CV female, CV male (upper and lower panels, respectively).</p> Full article ">
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