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Aerobiology, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 2 articles

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13 pages, 1767 KiB  
Article
Connecting Riparian Phyllospheres to Aquatic Microbial Communities in a Freshwater Stream System
by M. Elias Dueker, Beckett Lansbury and Gabriel G. Perron
Aerobiology 2024, 2(3), 59-71; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2030005 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 669
Abstract
The role that aquatic aerosols might play in inter-ecosystem exchanges in freshwater riparian environments has largely been understudied. In these environments, where freshwater streams are used both as drinking water and for treated waste disposal, water features like waterfalls, downed trees, and increased [...] Read more.
The role that aquatic aerosols might play in inter-ecosystem exchanges in freshwater riparian environments has largely been understudied. In these environments, where freshwater streams are used both as drinking water and for treated waste disposal, water features like waterfalls, downed trees, and increased streamflow can serve as bioaerosol producers. Such water features could have an important role in the bacterial colonization of surrounding surfaces, including the riparian phyllosphere. In this study, we explore the influence of a freshwater stream’s bacterial community composition and micropollution on riparian maple leaves exposed to bioaerosols produced from that stream. Using culture-based and non-culture-based techniques, we compared phylloplane microbial communities in riparian zones, adjacent non-riparian forested zones, and the surface waters of the stream. In this system, riparian zone maple leaf surfaces had higher bacterial counts than non-riparian zone trees. Using metagenomic profiling of the 16S rRNA gene, we found that, while microbial communities on leaves in both the riparian zone and forested sites were diverse, riparian zone bacterial communities were significantly more diverse. In addition, we found that riparian leaf bacterial communities shared more amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with stream bacterial communities than forest leaves, indicating that the riparian zone phyllosphere is likely influenced by bioaerosols produced from water surfaces. Full article
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Study sites near the Saw Kill (solid line, flow is right to left). Locations of <span class="html-italic">A. rubrum</span> used for leaf sampling denoted by white circles. Aerosol-creating waterfalls upstream of both riparian sites noted, along with the location of the outflow for the Bard College wastewater treatment plant.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Culture-based phyllosphere bacteria counts: (<b>A</b>) geometric mean and standard error of culturable bacteria grown from leaf prints and normalized by leaf surface area (riparian <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 60, forest <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 60), (<b>B</b>) geometric mean and standard error of culturable bacteria grown from leaf wash (riparian <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20, forest <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20), and culture-independent (qPCR) abundances of (<b>C</b>) 16S gene copies (riparian <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20, forest <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20), and (<b>D</b>) ARG indicator IntI1 copies per ml leaf wash (riparian <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20, forest <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20). Statistically significant differences denoted by an asterisk (*).</p>
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<p>Alpha-diversity comparisons between forest leaf PMC samples (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 18) and riparian leaf PMC samples (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 20): (<b>A</b>) predicted ASV’s (Chao1 index) and (<b>B</b>) Shannon Diversity index calculated from non-rarefied samples. Boxes and lines denote data range and mean, and black points represent outliers. Green and dark blue points denote by-sample index value. Statistically significant difference denoted with an asterisk (*).</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Phylogenetic tree demonstrating the by-sample abundances of ASV’s identified as sewage-related found on riparian (dark blue), and forest (green) phyllospheres. Each point represents a sample, point size relates to # of ASVs, ranging from 1 to 125.</p>
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<p>Venn diagram demonstrating the number of shared ASVs between forest (green), riparian (dark blue), and water (light blue) microbial communities.</p>
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15 pages, 1839 KiB  
Article
Assessing Characteristics and Variability of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles: Comparison of Two Case Studies in Southeastern Italy Using a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor
by Mattia Fragola, Dalila Peccarrisi, Salvatore Romano, Gianluca Quarta and Lucio Calcagnile
Aerobiology 2024, 2(3), 44-58; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2030004 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 824
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the seasonal variation and source identification of fluorescent aerosol particles at the monitoring site of the University of Salento in Lecce, southeastern Italy. Utilizing a wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS), this research work analyzes data from two specific [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the seasonal variation and source identification of fluorescent aerosol particles at the monitoring site of the University of Salento in Lecce, southeastern Italy. Utilizing a wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS), this research work analyzes data from two specific monitoring days: one in winter (10 January 2024), marked by significant transport of anthropogenic particles from Eastern Europe, and another in early spring (6 March 2024), characterized by marine aerosol sources and occasional desert dust. This study focuses on the seven WIBS particle categories (A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, ABC), which exhibited distinct characteristics between the two days, indicating different aerosol compositions. Winter measurements revealed a predominance of fine-mode particles, particularly soot and bacteria. In contrast, spring measurements showed larger particles, including fungal spores, pollen fragments, and mineral dust. Fluorescence intensity data further emphasized an increase in biological and organic airborne material in early spring. These results highlight the dynamic nature of fluorescent aerosol sources in the Mediterranean region and the necessity of continuous monitoring for air quality assessments. By integrating WIBS measurements with air mass back-trajectories, this study effectively identifies fluorescent aerosol sources and their seasonal impacts, offering valuable insights into the environmental and health implications of aerosol variability in the investigated Mediterranean area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical and Microphysical Properties of Aerosols and Bioaerosols)
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Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>Four-day analytical back-trajectories reaching the monitoring site of Lecce at ground level (red line), at 500 m (blue line), and at 1000 m above ground level (green line) at 12:00 UTC on (<b>a</b>) 10 January and (<b>b</b>) 6 March 2024. The altitude of each back-trajectory as a function of time is also reported in each plot.</p>
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<p>Average (<b>a</b>) particle diameter, (<b>b</b>) mass concentration, (<b>c</b>) number concentration, and (<b>d</b>) asphericity parameter for each of the 7 particle categories identified by the WIBS measurements performed on 10 January 2024 at the monitoring site of Lecce.</p>
Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Average (<b>a</b>) particle diameter, (<b>b</b>) mass concentration, (<b>c</b>) number concentration, and (<b>d</b>) asphericity parameter for each of the 7 particle categories identified by the WIBS measurements performed on 6 March 2024 at the monitoring site of Lecce.</p>
Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Average fluorescence peak as a function of the particle diameter for FL1 (with excitation at 280 nm and detection in the 310–400 nm band), indicated by black bars, FL2 (with excitation at 280 nm and detection in the 420–650 nm band), indicated by yellow bars, and FL3 (with excitation at 370 nm and detection in the 420–650 nm band), indicated by gray bars, determined by the WIBS measurements performed on (<b>a</b>) 10 January and (<b>b</b>) 6 March 2024 at the monitoring site of Lecce.</p>
Full article ">
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