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Dentistry Journal
Volume 12
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Dent. J., Volume 12, Issue 12 (December 2024) – 14 articles

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14 pages, 1210 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Periodontal Gap After Long-Term Tooth Movement into Augmented Critical-Sized Defects in the Jaws of Beagle Dogs
by Kathrin Duske, Mareike Warkentin, Anja Salbach, Jan-Hendrik Lenz and Franka Stahl
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120386 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2024
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Extensive and closely coordinated remodeling processes take place in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the adjacent bone during orthodontic tooth movement. In complex orthodontic cases, it is necessary to move teeth into an augmented bony defect, for example, in patients with cleft [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Extensive and closely coordinated remodeling processes take place in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the adjacent bone during orthodontic tooth movement. In complex orthodontic cases, it is necessary to move teeth into an augmented bony defect, for example, in patients with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. The important role of the PDL during tooth movement is well accepted but not fully understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the PDL after 23 weeks of tooth movement into an augmented critical-sized defect. Methods: The second molars of four beagle dogs were moved into a critical-sized defect, which was filled with bovine xenograft or nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Autogenous bone served as control. After 23 weeks, histological samples were microscopically analyzed, and the dimension of the PDL was measured. For statistical calculations, a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used. Results: The PDL was significantly wider on the tension side compared with the compression side for all replacement materials analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). These results apply to both the mesial and distal roots. Conclusions: The remodeling processes reached equilibrium within 23 weeks, resulting in a wider gap on the tension side, which contrasts with the situation a few days after the initial force application. Full article
11 pages, 1759 KiB  
Article
Fracture Resistance and Initial Penetration Time of a Novel Zirconia Crown Design for Simplifying Future Endodontic Treatment: An In Vitro Study
by Mohammed Mashyakhy and Hafiz Ahmed Adawi
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120385 - 26 Nov 2024
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the fracture strength of a novel-designed Zirconia crown before and after access opening, and to evaluate the mode of fracture and the time needed for initial penetration through the crown. Methods: This study involved the [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the fracture strength of a novel-designed Zirconia crown before and after access opening, and to evaluate the mode of fracture and the time needed for initial penetration through the crown. Methods: This study involved the design and testing of 60 zirconia crowns, divided into three groups (20 crowns each) to compare different structural designs. Group 1 (Control) used a conventional full zirconia crown. Group 2 (Novel Design) featured a zirconia crown with an impermeable ceramic-filled opening. Group 3 (Modified Novel Design) included a zirconia crown with a permeable composite-filled opening. Each crown was designed using CAD/CAM technology with digital and cone beam CT scans to locate the pulp chamber accurately. The crowns were tested in two experiments. Experiment (A): Ten crowns from each group underwent a fracture test. Experiment (B): Ten crowns per group underwent an access cavity penetration followed by a fracture test. Key variables assessed included fracture strength, penetration time, and failure mode for each crown design, both before and after access opening. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: The highest value of fracture strength before initial penetration was recorded for zirconia porcelain crowns (760.2 ± 25.2 MPa), while the lowest value was recorded for zirconia composite crowns (652.4 ± 25.9 MPa). The least time for initial penetration was recorded for zirconia composite crowns (2.5 ± 0.8 s). The difference in failure mode among the crowns was significant (p < 0.05) before initial penetration. All zirconia composite crowns showed crown fracture and core cracked, while all full zirconia crowns showed crown fracture only. The difference in failure mode before and after penetration was only significant for zirconia composite crowns. Conclusions: The modified novel-design crown (zirconia composite) could be an excellent choice when placing new prosthesis, since the crown provides easy access and a predictable guide to the root canal system and has good resistance to fracture before and after performing root canal therapy (RCT). Full article
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<p>A schematic representation of (<b>a</b>) the novel design and (<b>b</b>) the modified novel design.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The experimental groups: (<b>a</b>) conventional zirconia crown, (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) zirconia crown with an impermeable hole filled with ceramic, and (<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) zirconia crown with a permeable hole filled with composite (black arrow).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Fracture test using universal testing machine.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Failure modes: (<b>a</b>) crown fracture only, (<b>b</b>) crown fracture and core crack, and (<b>c</b>) fracture crown and core.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Flowchart of the experiment.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 1282 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Assessment of Apically Extruded Debris During Retreatment Procedures Using Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems: An In Vitro Comparative Study
by Luigi Generali, Federica Veneri, Francesco Cavani, Vittorio Checchi, Carlo Bertoldi, Angela Lucia Ingrosso, Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa and Eugenio Pedullà
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120384 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 89
Abstract
Objectives: Apical extrusion of debris can affect the success of endodontic treatments, and the specific performance of certain retreatment systems has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the amount of apically extruded [...] Read more.
Objectives: Apical extrusion of debris can affect the success of endodontic treatments, and the specific performance of certain retreatment systems has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the amount of apically extruded debris produced during retreatment procedures using three rotary NiTi retreatment systems in mature non-resorbed straight roots. Methods: Thirty extracted permanent human teeth with single straight roots were selected. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Next system up to size 30 and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. The samples were stored for 30 days and randomized by computer sequence into three retreatment groups (n = 10): (1) ProTaper Universal Retreatment; (2) HyFlex Remover; and (3) VDW.Rotate Retreatment. Apically extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes and weighed with a microbalance (10−5 g) before and after retreatment procedure. As the data were not normally distributed, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for comparing data among groups, with an alpha level set at α = 0.05. Dunn’s test was considered for post-hoc analyses, if appropriate. Results: Hyflex Remover was associated with the highest amount of extruded debris (0.85 ± 0.82 mg), followed by VDW.Rotate Retreatment (0.78 ± 0.41 mg) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment (0.62 ± 0.28 mg). However, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All the retreatment systems tested were associated with apical extrusion of debris in vitro, with no significant quantitative differences between them, suggesting that clinicians can choose a retreatment system with features appropriate to the specific clinical situation without risk of increasing the amount of apically extruded debris. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endodontics: From Technique to Regeneration)
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<p>Eppendorf tube with root sample and 25 G needle fixed to vial stopper to balance internal and external pressures.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Schematic of the experimental procedures, including primary endodontic treatment and retreatment.</p> Full article ">
13 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Influence of Health System Affiliation and Pain Manifestation on Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Latin American Population
by Alejandro I. Díaz-Laclaustra, Efraín Álvarez-Martínez and Carlos M. Ardila
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120383 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 136
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Oral cavity cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is one of the most common malignancies globally. This study assessed the influence of health system affiliation and pain manifestation on the risk of advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Oral cavity cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is one of the most common malignancies globally. This study assessed the influence of health system affiliation and pain manifestation on the risk of advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in a Latin American population. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed medical records from 2015 to 2016, including data from the past 19 years, of 233 patients with OCSCC treated at a public hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were evaluated, and multivariate regression models incorporated variables significant in bivariate analysis. Results: Among 233 patients, 196 (84.1%) had advanced OCSCC. The sample had a mean age of 63 ± 13 years, 53.6% were male, and 64% came from urban areas with predominantly low socioeconomic levels. Men showed a threefold increased risk of advanced OCSCC (95% CI: 1.3–6.8), while patients referred to pain clinics exhibited a 19.5 times higher risk (95% CI: 2.3–159.5). Patients in the subsidized health system or without health insurance had 2.6 (95% CI: 1.07–6.3) and 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.17–6.4) higher risks, respectively. Conclusions: This study found that male patients, referrals to pain clinics, and subsidized or no health system affiliation significantly increased the risk of advanced OCSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dental Care, Chairside and Beyond)
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6 pages, 1666 KiB  
Commentary
The Importance of Basic Sciences in Dental Education
by Anna Tostrup Kristensen, Noora Helene Thune, Qalbi Khan, Tor Paaske Utheim and Amer Sehic
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120382 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 187
Abstract
The rapid advancements in biomedical sciences, including genomics, microbiome research, and bioinformatics, underscore the need for dental education to evolve to meet future challenges in public oral health and healthcare delivery. The integration of basic sciences into dental curricula is crucial to ensure [...] Read more.
The rapid advancements in biomedical sciences, including genomics, microbiome research, and bioinformatics, underscore the need for dental education to evolve to meet future challenges in public oral health and healthcare delivery. The integration of basic sciences into dental curricula is crucial to ensure that dental professionals are thoroughly prepared in these fundamental areas. Despite the widespread agreement on the necessity of including basic medical sciences in dental education, challenges such as curricular congestion, faculty economics, and infrastructural limits persist, complicating the integration of new scientific knowledge. Furthermore, there remains a significant lack of research concerning the optimal extent, timing, and focus of these subjects, whether biochemical, medical, or dental. Additionally, there is a need to address prevailing conceptions about the irrelevance of basic sciences to the field of dentistry, which necessitates a focus on teaching methodologies and pedagogical strategies. Therefore, it is essential to advance educational research that prepares future educators to integrate basic sciences into dental education through evidence-based teaching methods. The dental curriculum, which encompasses fundamental sciences, laboratory exercises, and clinical practice, must overcome considerable pedagogical challenges to effectively incorporate and balance these basic sciences within its educational structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Education: Innovation and Challenge)
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<p>Integrating medical and dental education to establish an optimal pathway for developing future competent dental professionals presents significant challenges. In many dental schools, the curriculum is structured so that dental students undertake the same foundational medical courses as medical students during the first 1–2 years of their education. Both groups of students concentrate extensively on basic medical sciences before diverging into their respective fields of specialization—medicine and dentistry. The arrows in the figure represent the educational trajectory for both student groups, with numbers indicating the corresponding academic years. This figure illustrates the early interdisciplinary integration of the two programs and raises questions about whether this pattern is ideal.</p> Full article ">
11 pages, 6131 KiB  
Case Report
Dental Implants and Orthodontic Mini-Screws in a Patient with Undiagnosed Von Willebrand’s Disease: A Case Report
by Alessandro Bruni, Francesca Giulia Serra, Andrea Abate, Alessandro Ugolini, Cinzia Maspero, Francesca Silvestrini Biavati and Valentina Lanteri
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120381 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 253
Abstract
Background: Dental implants are commonly employed to address edentulism, while orthodontic treatments often incorporate mini-screws to enhance tooth movement and provide stable anchorage. Both procedures are integral to modern dental practice and frequently interact in comprehensive care scenarios. While oral health professionals routinely [...] Read more.
Background: Dental implants are commonly employed to address edentulism, while orthodontic treatments often incorporate mini-screws to enhance tooth movement and provide stable anchorage. Both procedures are integral to modern dental practice and frequently interact in comprehensive care scenarios. While oral health professionals routinely assess patients’ medical histories before procedures, undiagnosed coagulopathies, such as Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), can present significant challenges when invasive procedures are carried out, such as the insertion of implants or mini-implants. Case description: This case report discusses the surgical placement of dental implants and orthodontic mini-screws in a patient with previously undiagnosed VWD, underscoring the potential complications and the importance of recognizing bleeding disorders in clinical practice, and provides some advice on the management of patients with previously undiagnosed VWD after/during surgical procedures. Conclusions: To prevent the risk of excessive bleeding, before surgery, all patients should be screened through precise questions on bleeding history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors in Implantology)
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<p>Edentulous zone due to the extraction of the first lower right molar.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Orthopantomography of the patients before treatment.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Intra-oral photos of the patient.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Edentulous zone and the overeruption of tooth 1.6.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>CBCT of patient before implant placement.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Full-thickness flap elevation and preparation of the implant site.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Flap was sutured with resorbable suture.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Intra-oral control X-ray.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>TAD-supported intrusion mechanics.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Excessive bleeding after 24 h.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Second-stage surgery: roll flap.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Tissue conditioning.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown placed over implant.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 1281 KiB  
Case Report
Treatment of Young Permanent Avulsed Teeth with Multidisciplinary Approach—A Case Report
by Narda Lorena Rivera-Pimentel, Nadia Phenelope Campos-Lara, Oscar Arturo Benítez-Cárdenas, Verónica Méndez-González, Andreu Comas-García, Marlen Vitales-Noyola and Gabriela Torre-Delgadillo
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120380 - 23 Nov 2024
Viewed by 217
Abstract
Background: Dental trauma very commonly comprises lesions that affect the teeth and their supporting structures. In pediatric ages, the main reasons for dental trauma are falls and accidents at school and while practicing recreative activities and sports. Fortunately, dental avulsions are not common; [...] Read more.
Background: Dental trauma very commonly comprises lesions that affect the teeth and their supporting structures. In pediatric ages, the main reasons for dental trauma are falls and accidents at school and while practicing recreative activities and sports. Fortunately, dental avulsions are not common; however, they are key factors in the loss of teeth if the issue is not adequately treated in a quick way, so is very important for parents, teachers, or any person that is present with a child during the accident to have knowledge about dental trauma, specifically regarding avulsed teeth, since the best treatment is reimplantation. Methods: In this case of dentoalveolar trauma, concerning two avulsed teeth, it was very interesting that the tooth that was reimplanted more quickly (40 min) had a worse prognosis than the tooth that was reimplanted 2 h later, since the tooth that was reimplanted more quickly was transported in a personal wallet, which was a highly contaminated area, unlike the tooth that was reimplanted later, which was transported in a solution as an alternative means of transport. Conclusions: So, it is very important that this type of trauma is adequately managed in an interdisciplinary way across multiple dentistry specialties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Restorative Dentistry and Traumatology)
10 pages, 1011 KiB  
Systematic Review
Prevalence of Surgical Site Infections Following Coronectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Evangelos Kostares, Georgia Kostare, Michael Kostares, Athanasios Tsakris and Maria Kantzanou
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120379 - 23 Nov 2024
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) following coronectomy of mandibular third molars. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to 30 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) following coronectomy of mandibular third molars. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to 30 July 2024. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Observational studies assessing SSI prevalence following coronectomy were included. The pooled prevalence of SSI with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and meta-regression was conducted to explore the influence of continuous variables. Results: A total of 22 studies involving 2173 coronectomy procedures were included. The overall pooled prevalence of SSI was 2.4% (95% CI: 1–4.3%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 81%). Meta-regression showed no significant effect of the examined variables on SSI prevalence. No study was identified as a significant outlier. Quality assessments revealed that all studies had moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity was observed, likely due to variations in study settings, geographical regions, and timeframes, among other factors. Therefore, this study underscores the need for further rigorous research to better understand SSI risk factors and enhance management strategies for this postoperative complication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbiology and Related Research)
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<p>Visual representation illustrating the methodical process of identifying and selecting pertinent studies in the search results.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Forest plot examining the determined prevalence of SSIs following coronectomy of third molas utilizing a random-effects model [<a href="#B7-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">7</a>,<a href="#B14-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">14</a>,<a href="#B15-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">15</a>,<a href="#B16-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">16</a>,<a href="#B17-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">17</a>,<a href="#B18-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">19</a>,<a href="#B20-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">20</a>,<a href="#B21-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">21</a>,<a href="#B22-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">22</a>,<a href="#B23-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">23</a>,<a href="#B24-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">24</a>,<a href="#B25-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">25</a>,<a href="#B26-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">26</a>,<a href="#B27-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-dentistry-12-00379" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</p> Full article ">
8 pages, 514 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a Herbal Toothpaste During Active Periodontal Treatment: A Clinical Study
by La-ongthong Vajrabhaya, Supranee Benjasupattananan, Kraisorn Sappayatosok, Vittawin Dechosilpa, Suwanna Korsuwannawong and Papatpong Sirikururat
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120378 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 221
Abstract
Backgound/Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of a herbal toothpaste containing Aloe vera (test group) compared with a sodium bicarbonate toothpaste (active control group) and a standard toothpaste (benchmark group) on periodontitis treatment outcomes. Methods: Fifty-four periodontitis patients were randomly allocated into three [...] Read more.
Backgound/Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of a herbal toothpaste containing Aloe vera (test group) compared with a sodium bicarbonate toothpaste (active control group) and a standard toothpaste (benchmark group) on periodontitis treatment outcomes. Methods: Fifty-four periodontitis patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The patients received mechanical instrumentation and instruction on oral hygiene using a toothbrush with the toothpastes and dental floss. The patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), week 4 (T1), and week 12 (T2) after complete scaling and root planing. During the visits, the plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed and analyzed. Results: The comparison groups had similar PS and BOP means at baseline. At T1 and T2, both scores were reduced; however, there was no significant difference in PS among the three groups. A significant reduction in BOP among the groups was observed (p < 0.01) at T1. The PDs in all groups were significantly reduced after treatment. The CAL reduction was greater in the test group compared with the benchmark and the active control group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the mean CAL among time points in the benchmark and the active control groups. Conclusions: The herbal toothpaste containing Aloe vera significantly decreased gingival inflammation, PD, and CAL over the standard and active control toothpaste in periodontitis patients during active periodontal treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases)
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<p>RCT flow diagram.</p> Full article ">
8 pages, 1530 KiB  
Article
Changes in Occlusal Contacts upon the Cementation of Zirconia Crowns with Different Cement Spacers
by Yujun Wang, Philip Millstein, Korina Yun-Fan Lu, Jason D. Lee and Sang J. Lee
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120377 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 282
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Occlusion plays a crucial role in the long-term success and functionality of dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal contacts upon the cementation of zirconia crowns with different cement spacer settings in computer-aided design [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Occlusion plays a crucial role in the long-term success and functionality of dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal contacts upon the cementation of zirconia crowns with different cement spacer settings in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) software (3Shape Dental System version 2.102.1.0). Methods: A master model of a prepared abutment for a crown on the right maxillary first molar was scanned, and 30 sets of sample casts and zirconia crowns were fabricated with varying cement spaces (70 μm and 120 μm). These casts were mounted in maximal intercuspation (MIP) on a semi-adjustable articulator. Pre-cementation adjustments were made to fit the crowns and maintain the existing occlusion. Occlusal records were taken before and after cementation using polyvinyl siloxane impression material. These records were analyzed using a DC light box and image analyzer to measure changes in contact area, intensity, and patterns. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-cementation occlusal contact areas of each sample (α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences in occlusal contact areas were found between pre- and post-cementation in both groups (p < 0.001). The mean post-cementation contact surface area for the 70 μm group was 6281 ± 3310 μm2, compared to 2339 ± 1206 μm2 before cementation. For the 120 μm group, the post-cementation area was 5545 ± 3491 μm2, compared to 2071 ± 909 μm2 before cementation. An increase in contact intensity was also observed after cementation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cementation increases occlusal contact surface area and intensity in both cement space groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the First Impact Factor of Dentistry Journal)
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<p>Cementation of the sample. (<b>a</b>) Mounted Casts, (<b>b</b>) sample try-in, (<b>c</b>) cementation with an insertion guide.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Occlusal record scan. (<b>a</b>) Cementation record taking, (<b>b</b>) PVS records scan, (<b>c</b>) DC light box set-up.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Output from occlusal record scan. Red circles show the occlusal contacts. (<b>a</b>) Pre-cementation scan, (<b>b</b>) post cementation scan.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of Gingival Recession According to the Cairo Classification in a Population from the North of Portugal
by Beatriz Moura, Filomena Salazar, Rosana Costa, Cristina Cabral and Cátia Reis
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120376 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in a sample of the population in northern Portugal, according to the classification system proposed by Cairo. The secondary objective is to investigate possible risk factors for the prevalence of gingival recession. Methods: This observational study analyzed 50 patients who met all our inclusion criteria. Participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination and completed a questionnaire. Results: On the lingual/palatine side, recession type 2 (RT2) was the most prevalent (39.1%), and on the buccal side, recession type 3 (RT3) was the most prevalent (37.7%). Statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of RT3 on both sides, buccal and lingual/palatine, which was higher in patients over 65. Buccal side RT2 and buccal and lingual/palatine side RT3 were more prevalent in males. Buccal side RT2 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to nonsmokers. RT3 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to smokers and nonsmokers. Most patients have gingival recession with loss of interproximal attachment. Conclusions: Older age, male gender, high plaque levels, and smoking habits are considered risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)
12 pages, 2079 KiB  
Review
A Review of White Spot Lesions: Development and Treatment with Resin Infiltration
by Alexandra Maria Prada, Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalău and Gabriela Ciavoi
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120375 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 355
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) are demineralized lesions of the enamel that form in the presence of bacterial plaque, affecting the aesthetics by modifying the refractive index of the enamel, giving the characteristic “chalky” aspect. They have various causes, including fixed orthodontic treatments, improper [...] Read more.
White spot lesions (WSLs) are demineralized lesions of the enamel that form in the presence of bacterial plaque, affecting the aesthetics by modifying the refractive index of the enamel, giving the characteristic “chalky” aspect. They have various causes, including fixed orthodontic treatments, improper hygiene, fluorosis and genetic factors. Background/Objectives: Considering the latest need for dental aesthetics and the popularization of fixed orthodontic treatments, the need to effectively treat WSLs has increased. The objective of this research is to review the development of WSLs and their treatment with resin infiltration. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant reviews and studies. Out of all, 56 were included in this research. Results: Prophylactic measures, such as fluorized toothpaste and varnishes, have limited results. Standard caries treatment is too invasive as it removes too much healthy enamel for obturation retentivity. The resin infiltration resin process does not require drilling or tooth structure loss, making it a painless and minimally invasive treatment. The resin used has a refractive index comparable to that of healthy enamel, consequently restoring aesthetics and ensuring the prevention of caries evolvement. The treatment involves five important steps: prophylaxis, acid demineralization, alcohol drying, resin infiltration and UV light curing. Depending on the clinical case, the demineralization and drying steps may need to be repeated. Conclusions: Infiltrations with resin are painless and well tolerated by patients. Out of all minimally invasive treatments, they have an immediate satisfactory outcome, with results stable for a minimum of 45 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)
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<p>Network visualization of the white spot lesion infiltration treatment.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Flow chart of the article selection process.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Chart illustrating the percentage distribution of the articles included according to the number of citations in the literature.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Chart illustrating the distribution of articles based on the journals’ impact factor.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Coauthorship analysis of authors. Network visualization of the authors. The figure is the author’s own creation.</p> Full article ">
7 pages, 2829 KiB  
Brief Report
Evaluating Craniofacial Morphology Ratios as Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Non-Obese Adult Males
by Masasuke Shimatsu, Shigeto Kawashima and Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120374 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 299
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the connection between craniofacial morphology, particularly the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the mandible, and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in non-obese adult males by utilizing a cephalometric analysis and introducing a new skeletal [...] Read more.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the connection between craniofacial morphology, particularly the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the mandible, and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in non-obese adult males by utilizing a cephalometric analysis and introducing a new skeletal ratio index. Methods: A cohort of 44 non-obese adult males with OSA, diagnosed via the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) from polysomnographic recordings, was evaluated using a lateral cephalometric analysis. OSA severity was classified as mild (5 ≤ AHI < 15) in 19 patients, moderate (15 ≤ AHI < 30) in 15 patients, and severe (AHI ≥ 30) in 10 patients. The S-Go distance divided by the N-Me distance (S-Go/N-Me) was used as a vertical ratio of craniofacial morphology, the Go-Me distance divided by the S-N distance (Go-Me/S-N) was used as a horizontal ratio, and the results were compared between groups. Correlations between each ratio and craniofacial morphology based on the five factors from the Ricketts analysis were examined for each group. Results: A significant difference was found in the horizontal ratio Go-Me/S-N between the mild and moderate groups (p < 0.05) and the mild and severe groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in Ricketts analysis factors were observed across OSA severity groups. Correlations between the Go-Me/S-N and Ricketts factors were identified in the mild and moderate groups but not in the severe group. The horizontal skeletal dimension Go-Me/S-N was strongly associated with OSA severity. Conclusions: The horizontal mandibular ratio Go-Me/S-N, independent of body shape, may offer a valuable morphological marker for differentiating OSA severity in non-obese males. Full article
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<p>Skeletal reference points and lines on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Reference points: N—the most anterior point of the frontonasal suture; S—the central point of the pituitary fossa (sella) of the sphenoid bone; Or—the most inferior point on the lower border of the bony orbit; Po—the most superiorly positioned point of the bony external auditory canal; ANS—the most anterior point of the bony nasal floor; PM—the point at which the curvature of the anterior border of the symphysis changes from concave to convex; Pog—the most prominent point of the chin; Gn—the point on the chin determined by bisecting the angle formed by N-Pog and the mandibular plane; Me—the most inferior point of the symphysis; Go—the point on the curvature of the angle of the mandible located by bisecting the angle formed by the tangents to the posterior ramus and the inferior border of the mandible; Ba—the most inferoposterior point of the occipital bone at the anterior margin of the occipital foramen; CC—the point at which Ba-N and CC-Gn intersect; DC—a point selected in the center of the neck of the condyle on the Ba-N; Xi—the point located at the geographic center of the ramus; PT—the intersection point of the inferior border of the foramen rotundum with the posterior wall of the pterygomaxillary fissure; CD—the most posterior superior point on the condyle of the mandible. Reference lines: facial axis—the line connecting CC and Gn; facial plane—the line connecting N and Pog; mandibular plane—the tangent to the inferior border of the body of the mandible that passes through Me; Frankfort plane—the line connecting Po and Or.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Lateral cephalometric radiographs. (<b>a</b>) Mild AHI patient: S-Go/N-Me 65.6% and Go-Me/S-N 102.1%, (<b>b</b>) severe AHI patient: S-Go/N-Me 67.5% and Go-Me/S-N 99.8%, AHI: apnea–hypopnea index.</p> Full article ">
17 pages, 2967 KiB  
Article
Bilateral Symmetry in the Aesthetic Area Achieved by Digital Smile Design on 3D Virtual Patient and Conventional Diagnostic Wax-Up—A Comparative Study
by Maria Hristozova, Mariya Dimitrova and Stefan Zlatev
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120373 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 307
Abstract
Background: Digital diagnostic waxing is a contemporary alternative to the conventional wax-up method. This study aims to evaluate the impact of both techniques on the perceived frontal symmetry in aesthetic treatment planning. Dental symmetry significantly influences smile perception and, consequently, the acceptance [...] Read more.
Background: Digital diagnostic waxing is a contemporary alternative to the conventional wax-up method. This study aims to evaluate the impact of both techniques on the perceived frontal symmetry in aesthetic treatment planning. Dental symmetry significantly influences smile perception and, consequently, the acceptance of treatment outcomes, highlighting its clinical importance in restorative dentistry. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 teeth were measured, with 50 (n = 50) waxed up using traditional modeling techniques and 50 using a face-guided digital approach. The study involved ten patients requiring fixed restorations in the aesthetic zone. Both digital and conventional wax-ups were performed for each participant. Gypsum models with wax-ups were digitized and superimposed onto the digital diagnostic design using 3Shape Dental Designer Studio software, Version 2023 (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Screenshots of the frontal view were captured, and the width of each morphologically altered tooth was measured using ImageJ software Version 1.54 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Results: The results indicated no statistically significant difference in symmetry between the right and left sides achieved by the two diagnostic approaches (t-value = −1.89, p-value = 0.07). The perceived symmetry of morphologically modified frontal teeth, as achieved by digital and conventional waxing, was found to be comparable. Conclusions: Digital diagnostic planning is validated as a reliable alternative to the conventional wax-up method, offering comparable accuracy in achieving dental symmetry while potentially enhancing efficiency and precision in the aesthetic treatment planning process. This result underscores the potential of digital technologies to streamline clinical workflows and improve patient outcomes. Clinically, achieving symmetry in the aesthetic zone is crucial for patient satisfaction and acceptance of restorative procedures, emphasizing the need for continued integration of digital tools in dental practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Digital Dentistry)
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<p>Step-by-step comparison of conventional and digital wax-up methods.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Face Camera Bellus 3D connected with tablet Huawei MediaPad M3 BTV-W09 (Huawei, Shenzhen, China).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Superimposition of facial and intraoral scans for 3D virtual patient creation in 3D CAD software (Dental Systems; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark): 3D digital reproduction of the scanned patient (Patient ID No.3).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Maximum alignment of the alternative wax-ups. A real size measurement from point to point using the tools in “2D cross section”. (This measurement is used for calibration of the dimensions of the saved images (Patient ID No.4).</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Screenshots of (<b>a</b>) digital wax-up and (<b>b</b>) digitized analog wax pattern captured in the same position and magnification.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Calibration instrument in ImageJ: (<b>a</b>) tools and properties for calibration; (<b>b</b>) steps of the calibration process.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Measurements of mesiodistal dimensions of anterior teeth in ImageJ obtained by (<b>a</b>) digital diagnostic waxing and (<b>b</b>) conventional wax-up.</p> Full article ">Figure 7 Cont.
<p>Measurements of mesiodistal dimensions of anterior teeth in ImageJ obtained by (<b>a</b>) digital diagnostic waxing and (<b>b</b>) conventional wax-up.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Values of the measured MD diameters in mm.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The differences were obtained by subtracting the values for “left-right” variables for the two modeling groups—conventional and digital.</p> Full article ">
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