墨西哥¶

网络研讨会¶

还提供了墨西哥本地化视频。该视频介绍了如何从零开始实施本地化，包括如何设置配置、如何完成常见的工作流程，并深入介绍了几个具体的使用案例。

• 完整演示的网络视频。

介绍¶

Odoo 墨西哥本地化模块允许根据 CFDI <http://omawww.sat.gob.mx/ tramitesyservicios/Paginas/documentos/Anexo_20_Guia_de_llenado_CFDI.pdf> 版本 4.0 的 SAT 规范签署电子发票，这是一项法律要求，自 2022 年 1 月 1 日起生效。这些模块还增加了相关会计报告（如：DIOT，支持外贸和创建交货指南）。

配置¶

要求¶

在 Odoo 中配置墨西哥本地化模块之前，必须满足以下要求：

1. Be registered in the SAT, with a valid RFC.

2. Have a Certificate of Digital Seal (CSD).

3. Choose a PAC (Proveedor Autorizado de Certificación / Authorized Certification Provider). Currently, Odoo works with the following PACs: Solución Factible, Quadrum (formerly Finkok) and SW Sapien - Smarter Web.

4. Have knowledge and experience with billing, sales, and accounting in Odoo. This documentation only contains the necessary information needed to use Odoo.

Installing modules¶

Install the following modules to get all the features of the Mexican localization. The Accounting and Contacts modules are required to be installed for this configuration:

以下模块为可选模块。建议*仅*在满足特定需求时安装。请确保这些模块是业务所需的。

Configure your company¶

After installing the correct modules, the next step is to verify that your company is configured with the correct data. To do so, go to Settings ‣ General Settings ‣ Companies, and select Update Info under your company name.

Enter the full Address in the resulting form, including: ZIP code, State, Country, and RFC (VAT number).

According to the requirements of the CFDI 4.0, the name of the main company contact must coincide with your business name registered in the SAT, without the legal entity abbreviation.

Next, go to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX) ‣ Fiscal Regime, then select the regime that applies to your company from the drop-down list, and click Save.

联系人¶

To create a contact that can be invoiced, go to Contacts ‣ Create. Then, enter the contact name, full Address including: ZIP code, State, Country, and RFC (VAT number).

税¶

Some additional configurations for factor type and tax objects need to be added to the sales taxes in order to properly sign invoices.

Factor type¶

The Factor Type field is pre-loaded in the default taxes. If new taxes are created, you need to make sure to configure this field. To do so, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Taxes, then enable the Factor Type field in the Advanced Options tab for all records, with the Tax Type set as Sales.

Tax object¶

CFDI 4.0 的一个要求是，生成的 XML 文件需要（或不需要）细分操作的税额。在 XML 文件中会添加三种不同的可能值：

• 01: 不含税 - 如果发票行不含任何税项，则自动添加此值。

• 02: 含税 - 这是任何含税发票行的默认配置。

• 03: 含税，不强制分解 - 某些客户可按需触发此值，以取代 02。

要使用 03 值，请导航至 联系人 ‣ 您的客户发票 ‣ MX EDI 选项卡，并激活 无税款明细 复选框。

其他税项配置¶

在记录付款时，Odoo 会将税款从现金基准转换账户转移到在 定义`选项卡中设置的账户。对于这种转移，在重新分类税款的日记账分录中会使用一个税基账户: (`Base Imponible de Impuestos en Base a Flujo de Efectivo) 。请不要删除这个账户。

如果您在 会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 税款`中创建了一个新的税款，您需要为其添加正确的 :guilabel:`税网（`IVA、 ISR 或 IEPS)。 Odoo 仅支持这三种税种组。

产品¶

To configure products, go to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Products, then select a product to configure, or Create a new one. In the Accounting tab, and in the UNSPSC Product Category field, select the category that represents the product. The process can be done manually, or through a bulk import.

电子开票¶

PAC凭证¶

After you have processed your Private Key (CSD) with the SAT, you must register directly with the PAC of your choice before you start creating invoices from Odoo.

Once you’ve created your account with any of these providers, go to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX). Under the MX PAC section, enter the name of your PAC with your credentials (PAC username and PAC password).

.cer and .key certificates¶

The digital certificates of the company must be uploaded within the MX Certificates section. To do so, navigate to Settings ‣ Accounting ‣ Electronic Invoicing (MX). Under the MX Certificates section, select Add a line, and a window will open. Click Create, and from there, upload your digital Certificate (.cer file), your Certificate Key (.key file), and your Certificate Password. To finish, click on Save & Close.

工作流¶

电子开票¶

The invoicing process in Odoo is based on Annex 20 version 4.0 of electronic invoicing of the SAT.

客户开票¶

To start invoicing from Odoo, a customer invoice must be created using the standard invoicing flow.

While the document is in draft mode, changes can be made to it (the correct Payment Way or Usage that the customer might require can be added, for example.)

After you Confirm the customer invoice, a blue message appears stating: The invoice will be processed asynchronously by the following E-invoicing service: CFDI (4.0).

Pressing the Process Now button sends the document to the government so it can be signed. After receiving the signed document back from the government, the Fiscal Folio field appears on the document, and the XML file is attached in the chatter.

To send the signed invoice to your client by mail, you can send both the XML and PDF files together, directly from Odoo, by clicking the Send & Print button. You can also download the PDF file to your computer, by clicking the Print button, and selecting the desired print option.

贷记单¶

While an invoice is a document type “I” (Ingreso), a credit note is a document type “E” (Egreso).

The only addition to the standard flow for credit notes is that, as a requirement of the SAT, there has to be a relation between a credit note and an invoice through the fiscal folio.

Because of this requirement, the field CFDI Origin adds this relation with a 01|, followed by the fiscal folio of the original invoice.

Payment complements¶

付款政策¶

One addition of the Mexican localization is the Payment Policy field. According to the SAT documentation, there are two types of payments:

• PUE (Pago en una Sola Exhibición/Payment in a Single Exhibition)

• PPD (Pago en Parcialidades o Diferido/Payment in Installements or Deferred)

  参见

  落地成本

The difference lies in the Due Date or Payment Terms of the invoice.

To configure PUE invoices, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and either select an invoice Due Date within the same month, or choose a payment term that does not imply changing the due month (immediate payment, 15 days, 21 days, all falling within the current month).

To configure PPD invoices, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and select an invoice with a Due Date after the first day of the following month. This also applies if your Payment Term is due in the following month.

支付流¶

In both cases, the payment process in Odoo is the same, the main difference being payments related to PPD invoices trigger the creation of a document type “P” (Pago).

If a payment is related to a PUE invoice, it can be registered with the wizard, and be associated with the corresponding invoice. To do so, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and select an invoice. Then, click the Register Payment button. The invoice status changes to In Payment, since the payment is effectively validated when it is bank reconciled.

While this process is the same for PPD invoices, the addition of the creating an electronic document means some additional requirements are needed to correctly send the document to the SAT.

From an invoice, you need to confirm the specific Payment Way where you received the payment. Because of this, the Payment Way field cannot be set as 99 - Por Definir (To Define).

If you are going to add a bank account number in the Accounting tab of a customer’s contact card, it must have a valid account number.

If a payment is related to a signed invoice with the Payment Policy PPD, Odoo generates the corresponding payment complement automatically, once you click Process Now.

Invoice cancellations¶

It is possible to cancel the EDI documents sent to the SAT. According to the Reforma Fiscal 2022, since January 1st, 2022, there are two requirements for this:

• With all cancellation requests, you must specify a cancellation reason.

• After 24 hours have passed since the creation of the invoice, the client must be asked to accept the cancellation.

There are four different cancellation reasons. In Odoo, you can cancel invoices with the reasons 01 Invoices sent with errors with a relation, and 02 Invoices sent with errors without a relation.

The following sections break down the process of canceling invoices for each cancellation reason in Odoo.

01 - invoices sent with errors with a relation¶

This cancellation reason must be used when a new invoice needs to substitute the original one, due to an error in any field.

Begin by navigating to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and select the old invoice. Copy the Fiscal Folio from the old invoice. Then, navigate to the new invoice, and in the CFDI Origin field, add the value 04| and paste the Fiscal Folio of the old invoice after the value. Finally, sign the new document.

Next, navigate back to the old invoice, and notice the Substituted By field is now available. Click the Request EDI Cancellation button on the old invoice, and then click Process Now in the blue section that appears. The invoice status changes to Canceled, and a confirmation is logged in the chatter.

Now, the invoice should be canceled in the SAT as well. You can confirm this was done correctly, by pressing Retry in the SAT status field.

If the document was canceled more than 24 hours after its creation, you may need to ask the client to accept the cancellation in their “Buzón Tributario” directly from the SAT website.

02 - invoices sent with errors without a relation¶

This cancellation reason has to be used when an invoice was sent with an error in any field, and does not need to be replaced by another one.

For this case, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Invoices, and select the old invoice. From here, the only requirement is to click the Request EDI Cancellation button, and then click the Process Now button.

Because the field Substituted By does not appear when using this cancellation reason, the SAT should automatically detect that the cancellation reason is 02.

Payment cancellations¶

It is also possible to cancel Payment Complements. For this, go to the payment, via Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Payments, and select Request EDI Cancellation. As with invoices, a blue button will appear. Click Process now, and the document will be sent to the SAT. After a few seconds, you can click Retry to confirm the current SAT status.

Finally, the payment status is moved to Cancelled.

Invoicing special use cases¶

CFDI to public¶

If the customer you are selling goods or services to does not require an invoice, a CFDI to Public has to be created.

If you use the Customer name PUBLICO EN GENERAL, an error will be triggered. This is a main change in the CFDI 4.0 that requires invoices with that specific name to need additional fields, which Odoo does not currently support. So, for a CFDI to Public to be created, you need to add any name to your customer that is not PUBLICO EN GENERAL. (For example: CLIENTE FINAL).

In addition to this, it is required that the ZIP code of your company is added, the generic RFC is set as XAXX010101000, and the Fiscal Regime of your customer must be set as: Sin obligaciones fiscales.

多币种¶

The main currency in Mexico is MXN. While this is mandatory for all Mexican companies, it is possible to send and receive invoices (and payments) in different currencies. To enable the use of multicurrency, navigate to the Accounting ‣ Settings ‣ Currencies, and set Mexican Bank as the Service in the Automatic Currency Rates section. Then, set the Interval field to the frequency you wish to update the exchange rates.

This way, the XML file of the document will have the correct exchange rate, and the total amount, in both the foreign currency and in MXN.

It is highly recommended to use a bank account for each currency.

Down payments¶

There can be cases where you receive a payment in advance from a customer that needs to be applied to an invoice later. In order to do this in Odoo, it is required to properly link invoices to each other with the CFDI Origin field. To do so, it is necessary to have the Sales app installed.

First, navigate to the Sales app to create a product Anticipo and configure it. The Product Type must be Service, and use the UNSPSC Category must be: 84111506 Servicios de facturación.

Then, go to Sales ‣ Settings ‣ Invoicing ‣ Down Payments, and add the Anticipo product as the default.

Create a sales order with the total amount, and create a down payment (either using a percentage or fixed amount). Then, sign the document, and Register the Payment.

When the time comes for the customer to get the final invoice, create it again from the same sales order. In the Create Invoices wizard, select Regular Invoice, and uncheck Deduct down payments.

Then, copy the Fiscal Folio from the first invoice, and paste it into the CDFI Origin of the second invoice, adding the prefix 07| before the value. Then, sign the document.

After this, create a credit note for the first invoice. Copy the Fiscal Folio from the second invoice, and paste it in the CFDI Origin of the credit note, adding the prefix 07|. Then, sign the document.

With this, all electronic documents are linked to each other. The final step is to fully pay the new invoice. At the bottom of the new invoice, you can find the credit note in the Outstanding credits - add it as payment. Finally, register the remaining amount with the Register Payment wizard.

External trade¶

The external trade is a complement to a regular invoice that adds certain values in both the XML and PDF, to invoices with a foreign customer according to SAT regulations, such as:

• The specific address of the receiver and the sender

• The addition of a Tariff Fraction that identifies the type of product

• The correct Incoterm (International Commercial Terms), among others (certificate of origin and special units of measure).

This allows the correct identification of exporters and importers, in addition to expanding the description of the merchandise sold.

Since January 1, 2018, external trade is a requirement for taxpayers, who carry export operations of type A1. While the current CFDI is 4.0, the external trade is currently on version 1.1

In order to use this feature, the modules l10n_mx_edi_extended and l10n_mx_edi_extended_40 have to be installed.

配置¶

联系人¶

To configure your company contact for external trade, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Customers, and select your Company. While the CFDI 4.0 requirements ask you to add a valid ZIP code in your contact, the external trade complement adds the requirement that your City and the State must also be valid. All three fields must coincide with the Official SAT Catalog, or you will receive an error.

The fields Locality and Colony Code are optional and can be added in the company directly in Settings ‣ General Settings ‣ Companies. These two fields have to coincide with the data in the SAT.

To configure the contact data for a foreign receiving client, navigate to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Customers, and select the foreign client’s contact. The contact must have the following fields completed to avoid errors:

1. The entire company Address, including a valid ZIP code and the foreign Country.

2. The format of the foreign VAT (tax identification number, for example: Colombia 123456789-1)

3. In the MX EDI tab, you need to address if the customer receives goods for a period of time temporarily (Temporary) or permanently (Definitive).

产品¶

All products involved with external trade have four fields that are required, two of them exclusive to external trade.

1. The Internal Reference of the product is in the General Information tab.

2. The Weight of the product must be more than 0.

3. The correct Tariff Fraction of the product in the Accounting tab.

4. The UMT Aduana corresponds to the Tariff Fraction.

Invoicing flow¶

Before creating an invoice, it is important to take into account that external trade invoices require to convert the amounts of your product into USD. Therefore, multicurrency must be enabled and USD must be activated in the Currencies section. The correct Service to run is Mexican Bank.

Then, with the correct exchange rate set up in Accounting ‣ Settings ‣ Currency, the only fields left are Incoterm and the optional Certificate Source in the Other Info tab.

Finally, sign the invoice with the same process as a regular invoice, and click the Process Now button.

发货指南¶

A Carta Porte is a bill of lading: a document that states the type, quantity, and destination of goods being carried.

On December 1st, 2021, version 2.0 of this CFDI was implemented for all transportation providers, intermediaries, and owners of goods. Odoo is able to generate a document type “T” (Traslado), which, unlike other documents, is created in a delivery order instead of an invoice or payment.

Odoo can create XML and PDF files with (or without) ground transport, and can process materials that are treated as Dangerous Hazards.

In order to use this feature, the modules l10n_mx_edi_extended, l10n_mx_edi_extended_40, l10n_mx_edi_stock and l10n_mx_edi_stock_40 have to be installed.

In addition to this, it is necessary to have the Inventory and Sales apps installed, as well.

配置¶

Odoo manages two different types of CFDI:

• No Federal Highways: Is used when the Distance to Destination is less than 30 KM.

• Federal Transport: Is used when the Distance to Destination exceeds 30 KM.

Other than the standard requirements of regular invoicing (The RFC of the customer, the UNSPSC code, etc.), if you are using No Federal Highways, no external configuration is needed.

For Federal Transport, several configurations have to be added to contacts, vehicle setups, and products. Those configurations are added to the XML and PDF files.

Contacts and vehicles¶

Like the external trade feature, the Address in both the company and the final customer must be complete. The ZIP code, City, and State must coincide with the Official SAT Catalog for Carta Porte <sat-catalog_>_.

Another addition to this feature is the Vehicle Setups menu found in Inventory ‣ Settings ‣ Mexico. This menu lets you add all the information related to the vehicle used for the delivery order.

All fields are mandatory to create a correct delivery guide.

In the Intermediaries section, you must add the operator of the vehicle. The only mandatory fields for this contact are the VAT and Operator Licence.

产品¶

Similar to regular invoicing, all products must have a UNSPSC category. In addition to this, there are two extra configurations for products involved in delivery guides:

• The Product Type must be set as Storable Product for stock movements to be created.

• In the Inventory tab, the field Weight should have more than 0.

Sales and inventory flow¶

To create a delivery guide, first, you need to create and confirm a sales order from Sales ‣ Sales Order. This generates a Delivery smart button. Click it, and Validate the transfer.

After the status is set to Done, you can edit the transfer, and select the Transport Type (either No Federal Highways or Federal Transport).

If your delivery guide has the type No Federal Highways, you can save the transfer, and then click Generate Delivery Guide. The resulting XML can be found in the chatter.

If your delivery guide has the type, Federal Transport, the tab MX EDI appears. There, enter a value in Distance to Destination (KM) bigger than 0, and select the Vehicle Setup used for this delivery.

Dangerous hazards¶

在 官方 SAT 目录 <http://omawww.sat.gob.mx/tramitesyservicios/Paginas/complemento_carta_porte.htm>`_中，:guilabel:`UNSPSC 类别`中的某些值被视为*危险危害*。在使用 :guilabel:`联邦运输 创建交货指南时，需要额外考虑这些类别。

首先，从 库存 ‣ 产品 ‣ 产品中选择产品。然后，在 :guilabel:`会计 选项卡中，危险品指定代码（MX） 和 危险包装（MX） 字段必须填写 SAT 目录中的正确代码。

在 库存‣ 设置 ‣ 墨西哥 ‣ 车辆设置 中，还必须填写 环境保险 和 环境保险政策 中的数据。之后，继续按照常规流程创建交货指南。

海关编号¶

*海关申报单*（Pedimento Aduanero）是一份财务文件，证明已向财政实体（SAT）支付所有缴款，包括货物进出口。

根据 CFDI 4.0 的 附件 20，在发票货物来自一手进口业务的单据中，海关编号 字段需要添加到业务涉及的所有产品行中。

要执行此操作，必须安装 l10n_mx_edi_landing 模块，以及 库存、采购 和 销售 应用程序。

配置¶

In order to track the correct customs number for a specific invoice, Odoo uses landed costs. Go to Inventory ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings ‣ Valuation. Make sure that Landed Costs is activated.

首先创建一个*服务*类型的产品，名为 Pedimento。在 采购 选项卡中，激活 为到岸成本 并选择 默认分割方法。

然后，配置保存海关编号的*可储存产品*。要执行此操作，请创建可储存产品，并确保 产品类别 具有以下配置。

• 成本计算方法：选择 FIFO 或 AVCO

• 库存估值：自动

• 库存估值账户: 115.01.01 Inventario。

• 库存日记账: 库存估值

• 库存输入账户: 115.05.01 Mercancías en tránsito

• 库存输出账户: 115.05.01 Mercancías en tránsito

采购和销售流程¶

配置产品后，请按照标准 采购流程。

从 采购 ‣ 订单 ‣ 采购订单 创建采购订单。然后，确认订单，显示 收货 智能按钮。点击 收货 智能按钮以 验证 收据。

进入 库存 ‣ 操作 ‣ 落地成本，创建新记录。添加刚创建的转账，以及：产品 Pedimento 和 海关编号。

可选择添加成本金额。然后，验证到岸成本。一旦 已发布，与该收据相关的所有产品都会分配到海关编号。

Now, create a sales order, and confirm it. This should trigger a Delivery smart button. Validate it.

Finally, create an invoice from the sales order, and confirm it. The invoice line related to your product has a customs number in it. This number should match the customs number added in the Landed Costs record you created earlier.

Electronic accounting¶

For Mexico, Electronic Accounting refers to the obligation to keep accounting records and entries through electronic means, and to enter accounting information on a monthly basis, through the SAT website.

It consists of three main XML files:

1. The updated list of the chart of accounts that you are currently using.

2. A monthly trial balance, plus a closing entry report, also known as: Trial Balance Month 13.

3. Either optional, or for a compulsory audit, an export of the journal entries in your general ledger.

The resulting XML files follow the requirements of the Anexo Técnico de Contabilidad Electrónica 1.3.

In addition to this, you can generate the DIOT: A report of vendor’s journal entries that involve IVA taxes that can be exported in a .txt file.

In order to use these reports, the modules l10n_mx_reports, l10n_mx_reports_closing, l10n_mx_xml_polizas and l10n_mx_xml_polizas_edi have to be installed, as well as the Accounting.

科目表¶

The chart of accounts in México follows a specific pattern based on SAT’s’ Código agrupador de cuentas.

You can create any account, as long as it respects SAT’s encoding group: the pattern is NNN.YY.ZZ or NNN.YY.ZZZ.

When a new account is created in Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Chart of Accounts, with the SAT encoding group pattern, the correct grouping code appears in Tags, and your account appears in the COA report.

Once you create all your accounts, make sure the correct Tags are added.

Once everything is set up, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Trial Balance, click the (down arrow) next to the PDF button, and select COA SAT (XML). This generates an XML file with your accounts, which you can upload directly to the SAT website.

试算表¶

The trial balance reports the initial balance, credit, and total balance of your accounts, provided that you added their correct encoding group.

To generate this report in an XML format, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Trial Balance. Select the month you want to download in the calendar, then click the (down arrow) next to the PDF button, and select SAT (XML).

Month 13 trial balance¶

The Month 13 report is a closing balance sheet that shows any adjustments or movements made in the accounting to close the year.

To generate it, proceed as follows:

1. Go to Accounting ‣ Accounting ‣ Journal Entries and create a new entry for all the amounts to be changed, balancing the debit and/or credit of each one.

2. In the Other Info tab, enable the Month 13 Closing option.

3. Go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Trial Balance, click the calendar, and select Month 13.

4. Click the (down arrow) next to the PDF button, and select SAT (XML).

总账¶

By law, all transactions in Mexico must be recorded digitally. Since Odoo automatically creates all the underlying journal entries of your invoicing and payments, you can export your journal entries to comply with SAT’s audits and/or tax refunds.

To create the XML, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ General Ledger, click the (down arrow) next to the PDF button, and select XML (Polizas). In the XML Polizas Export Options window, choose between four different Export types:

• Tax audit

• Audit certification

• Return of goods

• Compensation

For Tax audit or Audit certification, you need to write the Order Number provided by the SAT. For Return of goods, or Compensation, you need to write your Process Number, also provided by the SAT.

DIOT报告¶

The DIOT (Declaración Informativa de Operaciones con Terceros / Informative Declaration of Operations with Third Parties) is an additional obligation with the SAT, where the current status of creditable and non-creditable payments, withholdings, and refunds of VAT from your vendor bills, are provided to the SAT.

Unlike other reports, the DIOT is uploaded to a software provided by the SAT that contains the A-29 form. In Odoo, you can download the records of your transactions as a .txt file that can be uploaded to the form, avoiding direct capture of this data.

The transactions file contains the total amount of your payments registered in vendor bills, broken down into the corresponding types of IVA. The VAT and Country is mandatory for all vendors.

To generate the DIOT report, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Tax Reports. Select the month you want to download in the calendar, then click the (down arrow) next to the PDF button to select Report: DIOT (MX) and download the .txt file.

重要

You need to fill the L10N Mx Type of Operation field in the Accounting tab of each one of your vendors to prevent validation errors. Make sure that your foreign customers have their country set up for L10N Mx Nationality to appear automatically.