为多个供应商创建备选报价单¶
有时，公司可能希望同时向多个供应商询价，邀请这些供应商同时提交类似商品或服务的报价。这有助于公司根据具体业务需求选择最便宜（和最快捷）的供应商。
在 Odoo 中，可以通过为不同供应商添加备选询价单（RFQ）来实现这一目的。一旦收到每个供应商的回复，就可以比较每个:abbr:`RFQ（询价单）`中的产品系列，并决定从哪个供应商处购买哪些产品。
有时也称为*招标*，这一流程主要由公共部门的组织使用，在进行采购时受到法律约束。不过，私营公司也可以使用:abbr:`RFQ（询价单）`来有效地管理资金支出。
配置采购协议设置¶
要直接从报价单创建备选的:abbr:RFQ（询价单），首先需要在*采购*应用程序的设置中启用*采购协议*功能。要执行此操作，请进入 ，在 订单 部分下，点击 采购协议 旁边的复选框。这样做将启用创建替代 RFQ（询价单） 功能，以及创建 *空白订单*功能。
小訣竅
为节省招标时间，可在产品表单的 采购 选项卡中设置自定义供应商、价格和交货周期。要执行此操作，请导航至 ，然后选择要编辑的产品。在产品表单中点击 采购选项卡，然后点击 添加行。从下拉菜单中，在 供应商 列下选择要设置的供应商，并根据需要设置 价格 和 交货周期。点击 其他选项（两点） 图标，可为该行项目添加其他可见性选项。
创建一个:abbr:RFQ（询价单）¶
要创建新的:abbr:RFQ（询价单），请导航至 应用程序，然后点击 新建。
然后，在 RFQ（询价单） 中添加信息：从 供应商 字段旁边的下拉菜单中添加供应商，并点击 添加产品，从 产品 列的下拉菜单中选择产品。然后，在:guilabel:`数量`栏中设置所需的购买数量，并根据需要在:guilabel:`单价`栏中更改购买价格。
点击 其他选项（双点） 图标可为该行项目添加更多可见性选项。重复这些步骤可添加任意选项，包括购买产品的 UoM （计量单位）和 :guilabel:`预计到达`日期。
准备就绪后，点击 通过电子邮件发送。这将弹出 撰写电子邮件 窗口，可在其中自定义发送给供应商的信息。准备就绪后，点击 发送。这将把 RFQ（询价单） 变成采购订单（PO），并向采购订单表格上列出的供应商发送电子邮件。
備註
向每个供应商发送电子邮件在创建替代性报价单（RFQ）时非常有用，因为供应商可以确认他们过去的价格现在是否仍然有效，这可以帮助公司选择最合适的报价。
Create alternatives to an RFQ¶
Once a PO is created and sent by email to a vendor, alternative RFQs can be created and sent to additional, alternate vendors to compare prices, delivery times, and other factors to make a decision from which vendors to order which products.
To create alternative RFQs, click the Alternatives tab from the purchase order form, then click Create Alternative. When clicked, a Create alternative pop-up window appears.
From this window, select a new/different vendor from the drop-down menu next to the Vendor field to assign this alternative quotation to.
Next to this, there is a Copy Products checkbox that is selected by default. When selected, the product quantities of the original PO are copied to the alternative. For this first alternative quotation, leave the checkbox checked. Once finished, click Create Alternative. This creates (and navigates to) a new PO.
Since the Create Alternative checkbox was left checked, this new purchase order form is already populated with the same products, quantities, and other details as the previous, original PO.
備註
When the Copy Products checkbox is selected while creating an alternative quotation, additional products do not need to be added on the purchase order form unless desired. However, if a chosen vendor is listed in the Vendor column under the Purchase tab on a product form included in the purchase order, the values set on the product form carry over to the PO, and have to be changed manually, if desired.
Once ready, create a second alternative quotation by clicking the Alternatives tab, and once again, click Create Alternative. This causes the Create alternative pop-up window to appear again. This time, choose a different vendor from the drop-down menu next to Vendor, and this time, uncheck the Copy Products checkbox. Then, click Create Alternative.
小訣竅
If an alternative quotation needs to be removed from the Alternatives tab, they can be individually removed by clicking on the Remove (X) icon at the end of their row.
This creates a third, new purchase order. But, since the product quantities of the original PO were not copied over, the product lines are empty, and new products need to be added by clicking Add a product, and selecting the desired products from the drop-down menu. Once the desired number of products are added, click Send by Email.
This causes a Compose Email pop-up window to appear, wherein the message to the vendor can be customized. Once ready, click Send to send an email to the vendor listed on the purchase order form.
From this newest purchase order form, click the Alternatives tab. Under this tab, all three purchase orders can be seen in the Reference column. Additionally, the vendors are listed under the Vendor column, and the order Total and Status of the orders are in the rows, as well.
Link a new RFQ to existing quotations¶
Creating alternative quotations directly from a purchase order form under the Alternatives tab is the easiest way to create and link quotations. However, separate RFQs can also be linked after the fact, even if they are created completely separately at first.
要创建新的:abbr:RFQ（询价单），请导航至 应用程序，然后点击 新建。
然后，在 RFQ（询价单） 中添加信息：从 供应商 字段旁边的下拉菜单中添加供应商，并点击 添加产品，从 产品 列的下拉菜单中选择产品。然后，在:guilabel:`数量`栏中设置所需的购买数量，并根据需要在:guilabel:`单价`栏中更改购买价格。
Once ready, click Send by Email. This causes a Compose Email pop-up window to appear, wherein the message to the vendor can be customized. Once ready, click Send to send an email to the vendor listed on the purchase order form.
Then, click the Alternatives tab once more. Since this new PO was created separately, there are no other orders linked yet. To link this order with the alternatives created previously, click Link to Existing RfQ on the first line in the Vendor column.
This causes an Add: Alternative POs pop-up window to appear. Select the three purchase orders created previously, and click Select. All of these orders are now copied to this PO under the Alternatives tab.
小訣竅
If a large number of purchase orders are being processed and the previous POs can’t be located, try clicking under the search bar at the top of the pop-up window to group by the vendors selected on the previous orders.
比较产品明细行¶
When there are multiple RFQs linked as alternatives, they can be compared side-by-side in order to determine which vendors offer the best deals on which products. To compare each quotation, go to the app, and select one of the quotations created previously.
Then, click the Alternatives tab to see all the linked RFQs. Next, under the Create Alternative tab, click Compare Product Lines. This navigates to a Compare Order Lines page.
The Compare Order Lines page, by default, groups by Product. Each product included in any of the RFQs is displayed in its own drop-down, along with all of the PO numbers in the Reference column.
Additional columns on this page include the Vendor from which products were ordered, the Status of the quotation (i.e., RFQ, RFQ Sent); the Quantity of products ordered from each vendor; the Unit Price per product and Total price of the order, and more.
備註
To remove product lines from the Compare Order Lines page, click Clear at the far right end of that product line’s row. This removes this product as a chooseable option from the page, and changes the Total price of that product on the page to 0. On the purchase order form in which that product was included, its ordered quantity is changed to 0, as well.
Once the best offers have been identified, at the end of each row, individual products can be selected by clicking Choose. Once all the desired products have been chosen, click Requests for Quotation (in the breadcrumbs, at the top of the page) to navigate back to an overview of all RFQs.
取消（或保留）替代品¶
Now that the desired products have been chosen, based on which vendors provided the best offer, the other RFQs (from which no products were chosen) can be canceled.
Under the Total column, at the far right of each row, the orders from which no products were chosen have automatically had their total cost set to 0. Although they haven’t been canceled yet, this means that they can ultimately be canceled without repercussions, after the desired purchase orders have been confirmed.
To confirm a quotation that contains the chosen product quantities, click into one. Then, click Confirm Order. This causes an Alternative Warning pop-up window to appear. From there, either Cancel Alternatives or Keep Alternatives can be clicked. If this PO should not be confirmed, click Cancel.
Cancel Alternatives automatically cancels the alternative purchase orders. Keep Alternatives keeps the alternative purchase orders open, so they can still be accessed if any additional product quantities need to be ordered. Once all products are ordered, Cancel Alternatives can be selected from whichever PO is open.
To view a detailed form of one of the RFQs listed, click the line item for that quotation. This causes an Open: Alternative POs pop-up window to appear, from which all details of that particular quotation can be viewed. Click Close when finished.
From the Alternative Warning pop-up window, click Keep Alternatives to keep all alternative quotations open for now. Then, click Requests for Quotation (in the breadcrumbs, at the top of the page) to navigate back to an overview of all RFQs.
Click into the remaining quotation(s) that contain products that need to be ordered, and click Confirm Order. This causes the Alternative Warning pop-up window to appear again. This time, click Cancel Alternatives to cancel all other alternative RFQs linked with this quotation.
Finally, click Requests for Quotation (in the breadcrumbs, at the top of the page) to navigate back to an overview of all RFQs. The canceled orders can be seen greyed out and listed with a Cancelled status under the Status column at the far right of their rows.
Now that all product quantities have been ordered, the purchase process can be followed, and continued to completion, until the products are received into the warehouse.