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    Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver
    Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver
    Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver
    Ebook328 pages3 hours

    Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver

    By Fouad Sabry

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    About this ebook

    What Is Concentrated Solar Power


    Concentrated solar power systems create solar electricity by focusing a huge area of sunlight onto a receiver via the use of mirrors or lenses to concentrate the sunlight. The focused light is turned into heat, which either drives a heat engine that is coupled to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical process. This heat then drives an electrical power generator, which results in the generation of electricity.


    How You Will Benefit


    (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:


    Chapter 1: Concentrated solar power


    Chapter 2: Solar thermal energy


    Chapter 3: Parabolic trough


    Chapter 4: Nevada Solar One


    Chapter 5: Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert


    Chapter 6: Solar power in Spain


    Chapter 7: Solar power


    Chapter 8: Solana Generating Station


    Chapter 9: SolarReserve


    Chapter 10: Torresol Energy


    Chapter 11: eSolar


    Chapter 12: Compact linear Fresnel reflector


    Chapter 13: Sierra SunTower


    Chapter 14: Solar Euromed


    Chapter 15: Concentrator photovoltaics


    Chapter 16: Solar power in Italy


    Chapter 17: Outline of solar energy


    Chapter 18: Copper in renewable energy


    Chapter 19: Ouarzazate Solar Power Station


    Chapter 20: Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant


    Chapter 21: Termosolar Borges


    (II) Answering the public top questions about concentrated solar power.


    (III) Real world examples for the usage of concentrated solar power in many fields.


    (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of concentrated solar power' technologies.


    Who This Book Is For


    Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of concentrated solar power.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherOne Billion Knowledgeable
    Release dateOct 16, 2022
    Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver

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      Book preview

      Concentrated Solar Power - Fouad Sabry

      Copyright

      Concentrated Solar Power Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

      Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

      This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

      Bonus

      You can send an email to 1BKOfficial.Org+ConcentratedSolarPower@gmail.com with the subject line Concentrated Solar Power: Using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

      Fouad Sabry

      Visit 1BK website at

      www.1BKOfficial.org

      Preface

      Why did I write this book?

      The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

      It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

      STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

      There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

      In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

      So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

      I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

      My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

      This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

      The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

      365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

      Introduction

      How did I write this book?

      In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

      There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

      Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

      In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Concentrated Solar Power, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Concentrated Solar Power.

      It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

      People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Concentrated Solar Power, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

      The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Concentrated Solar Power, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

      So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Concentrated Solar Power. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

      It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

      I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

      Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

      Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

      Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

      The building block for writing this book include the following:

      (1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

      (2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

      (3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

      It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

      I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

      Acknowledgments

      Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

      Dedication

      To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

      Epigraph

      Concentrated solar power systems create solar electricity by focusing a huge area of sunlight onto a receiver via the use of mirrors or lenses to concentrate the sunlight. The focused light is turned into heat, which either drives a heat engine that is coupled to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical process. This heat then drives an electrical power generator, which results in the generation of electricity.

      Table of Contents

      Copyright

      Bonus

      Preface

      Introduction

      Acknowledgments

      Dedication

      Epigraph

      Table of Contents

      Chapter 1: Concentrated solar power

      Chapter 2: Compressed-air vehicle

      Chapter 3: Parabolic trough

      Chapter 4: Nevada Solar One

      Chapter 5: Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert

      Chapter 6: Solar power in Spain

      Chapter 7: Solar power

      Chapter 8: Solana Generating Station

      Chapter 9: SolarReserve

      Chapter 10: Torresol Energy

      Chapter 11: eSolar

      Chapter 12: Compact linear Fresnel reflector

      Chapter 13: Sierra SunTower

      Chapter 14: Solar Euromed

      Chapter 15: Concentrator photovoltaics

      Chapter 16: Solar power in Italy

      Chapter 17: Outline of solar energy

      Chapter 18: Copper in renewable energy

      Chapter 19: Ouarzazate Solar Power Station

      Chapter 20: Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant

      Chapter 21: Termosolar Borges

      Epilogue

      About the Author

      Coming Soon

      Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

      Chapter 1: Concentrated solar power

      Concentrated solar power (also known as concentrating solar power and concentrated solar thermal) systems create solar electricity by focusing a huge amount of sunlight onto a receiver using a series of mirrors or lenses.

      In 2018, the total installed capacity of CSP systems around the globe was 5,500 MW, increase from 354 MW in the year 2005.

      Nearly half of the world's total capacity was accounted for by Spain, at 2,300 MW, despite the fact that no new commercial capacity has been brought online in the nation since 2013,.

      The United States of America comes in second with 1,740 MW.

      In addition, there is a significant amount of interest coming from North Africa and the Middle East, together with the countries of China and India.

      In the beginning, parabolic-trough plants had a predominant share of the worldwide market, which at one time made up almost ninety percent of all CSP plants.

      Since about the year 2010, central power tower CSP has been favored in new plants due to its higher temperature operation – up to 565 °C (1,049 °F) vs.

      trough's maximum of 400 °C (752 °F) – which promises greater efficiency.

      Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW) in the United States is one of the larger CSP projects. It utilizes solar power tower technology but does not have any thermal energy storage. The Ouarzazate Solar Power Station (510 MW) in Morocco is another one of the larger CSP projects. It combines trough and tower technologies for a total of 510 MW and has several hours of energy storage.

      CSP is a thermal energy producing power station, hence it has more similarities with other thermal power stations like coal, gas, and geothermal. Thermal energy storage, which can store energy either in the form of sensible heat or as latent heat (for example, by using molten salt), can be incorporated into a CSP plant. This enables these plants to continue to generate electricity whenever it is required, regardless of the time of day or night. Because of this, CSP is considered to be a dispatchable kind of solar. In regions like California, where there is already a significant penetration of photovoltaics (PV), dispatchable renewable energy is especially attractive because of its versatility. However, concentrated solar power has an easier time storing energy throughout the night, which gives it an advantage over dispatchable generators and baseload plants in terms of competitiveness. for its 700 MW combined trough and tower project: 600 MW of trough capacity, 100 MW of tower capacity, and daily thermal energy storage for 15 hours. The base-load CSP cost in Chile's Atacama area, which is known for its severe aridity, dropped below $50/MWh in 2017 auctions.

      According to one version of the story, Archimedes used a device called a burning glass to focus the sun's rays on an invading Roman fleet and drive them away from Syracuse. Dr. Ioannis Sakkas, a Greek scientist, conducted an experiment in 1973 to determine whether Archimedes could have really destroyed the Roman fleet in 212 BC. He did this by lining up nearly 60 Greek sailors, each holding an oblong mirror tipped to catch the sun's rays and direct them at a tar-covered plywood silhouette 49 meters (160 feet) away. The scientist was curious about whether Archimedes could really have done this. However, historians continue to have doubts about the Archimedes myth despite the fact that the ship caught fire after just a few minutes. The parabolic-trough technique used by the neighboring Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS), which got their start in 1984, was more practically applicable. Before 2014, the 354-megawatt Solar Energy Generating System (SEGS) was the biggest solar power facility in the world.

      Between the completion of SEGS in 1990 and the construction of the Compact linear Fresnel reflector system at the Liddell Power Station in Australia in 2006, there was a gap of 24 years during which no commercial concentrated solar facilities were developed. There have been very few additional plants constructed using this concept, however one, the 5 MW Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant, was opened in 2009.

      The first significant plant to be constructed after SEGS was the 75 MW Nevada Solar One facility, which was designed in a trough configuration and completed in 2007. Spain constructed more than 40 parabolic trough systems, each of which was standardized in 50 MW blocks, between 2009 and 2013.

      Because Solar Two proved so successful, in 2011 Spain constructed a commercial power plant that was first referred to be the Solar Tres Power Tower but was subsequently renamed the Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant. The findings of Gemasolar made it possible for further plants of its kind to be developed. The Ivanpah Solar Power Facility was built at the same time, but it does not have any thermal storage. Instead, it utilizes natural gas to heat water every morning.

      Instead of power towers or Fresnel systems, parabolic trough designs are used in the construction of the majority of concentrated solar power facilities. There have also been variants of the parabolic trough system, such as the integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC), which mixes troughs with the more traditional fossil fuel heating systems.

      At first, solar thermal power was considered to be in competition with photovoltaics, Ivanpah, on the other hand, was constructed without any energy storage, despite the fact that Solar Two had included a number of hours of thermal storage.

      By 2015, prices for photovoltaic plants had fallen and PV commercial power was selling for ¹⁄3 of recent CSP contracts.

      As such, Increasingly, it is viewed as competing with natural gas as well as photovoltaics and batteries for flexible, dispatchable power.

      CSP is put to use in the generation of energy (sometimes called solar thermoelectricity, usually generated through steam). Mirrors or lenses along with tracking systems are used in concentrated solar technology systems. This focuses sunlight

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