Last week, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released its interim report on pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs). The report’s unsubtle subtitle revealed how the agency views PBMs:
The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies. ICYMI, the FTC's report relied extensively on the Drug Channels Institute's (DCI's)
2024 Economic Report on U.S. Pharmacies and Pharmacy Benefit Managers.
PBMs’ negotiating leverage against pharmaceutical manufacturers has been a key factor inflating the
gross-to-net bubble—the ever-growing dollar gap between sales at brand-name drugs’ list prices and their sales at net prices after rebates, discounts, and other reductions.
For 2023, DCI estimates that the total value of manufacturers’ gross-to-net reductions for all brand-name drugs was $334 billion. (As we describe below, our latest estimates make a crucial change in the presentation of these figures compared with previous editions.)
Multiple forces are poised to pop the gross-to-net bubble for high-list/high-rebate products. This will force PBMs to further evolve their business models, while challenging plan sponsors and the FTC to follow the dollars.
Alas, patients remain caught in the drug channel's murky waters. I still can’t predict when SpongeBob SquarePants departs from
Drug Channels—although I wish him a happy 25th birthday!