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Hydra with bud Stock Photos and Images
RMAKCHE7–Green hydra with bud Chlorohydra viridissima
RMBMA0EK–Hydra with bud
RMHRJ7E5–Hydra, LM
RM2XKX8AY–Hydra: bud
RMABEA1B–Green Hydra Chlorhydra viridissima with bud and testes Live Darkground Illumination Flash
RMH41F5N–Microscope recording, Green, freshwater polyp, hydra viridissima, bud microcosm, germ, polyp, polyp, green, freshwater polyps, Hydridae, nettle animal, nettle animals, animal, animals Ä, ä, Ö, ö, Ü, ü, ß
RF2JP2T9M–Hydra with bud, Chlorohydra viridissima, showing asexual reproduction.
RMCRNR0N–Green Hydra (Chlorohydra viridissima) adult, in process of asexual reproduction with new bud just forming, attached to piece of
RMH3XE9B–Microscope recording, freshwater polyp, brown, hydra oligactis, bud, entry loudly originator, near, spectral filter, nettle animals, polyp,
RF2GXA1GB–Freshwater hydra
RM2PGPPKJ–Green (Chlorohydra viridissima) Hydra adult, in process of asexual reproduction with new bud just forming, attached to piece of gravel underwater
RMCP8ME5–A green hydra (Chlorohydra viridissima) in the process of asexual reproduction with a new bud just forming. Belvedere, Kent. May
RF2GTRPC1–Hydra
RF2J2HWBY–A close up shot of a cut out bud of cauliflower plant
RF2R5PEFY–Hydra budding. Asexual Reproduction. Vector ilustration.
RF2WG78AR–Budding. Yeast Asexual reproduction. Fungi growth. Cell division. Vector diagram.
RF2G2J9C9–Life cycle of jellyfish
RF2B76YNP–Represents, A, Longitudinal section through the body of Hydra (diagrammatic). B, small portion of the wall more highly magnified; and other, vintage l
RF2XX3PRG–Vector isolated illustration of hydra structure on white background.
RMRHRKJ1–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. BUDDING IN HYDRA. 213 (Fig. 8, cct). They become more narrow, elongated and present the appearance of glandular cells. They have the power to. FIG. 7. Longitudinal section at junction of parent hydra and bud, taken at a in Fig. 6. end., endoderm. X 100. FIG. 8. Longitudinal section through base of mature bud and wall of parent hydra. ;»,, mesoglea of bud; -m, mesoglea of parent; ect., glandular ectoderm ; ent.. enteron of bud. FIG. 9. Longitudinal section showing change of mesoglea in separation of parent and bud at a, and f
RM2BP8RJ7–Light photomicrograph of Hydra with bud
RMHRJ7E7–Hydra, LM
RFEW45CY–Hydroid freshwater, Colony Cordylophora lacustris, of Edmond after Perrier, vintage engraved illustration. Earth before man – 1886.
RMPG3PGW–. A manual of zoology. THE METAZOA 73 place in a number of different classes of animals. In this form of reproduction a process or bud (Fig. 32, fid) is given off from some part of the parent animal; this bud sooner or later assumes the form of the complete animal, and may become detached from the parent either before or after its M*. Fig. 32. — Fresh-water polype (hydra), two specimens, the one expanded the other contracted, showing multiplication by budding. bdl bd- bd'6, buds in various stages of growth. (From Parker's Biology.) development has been completed, or may remain in perma- nent v
RMMA76PY–. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life . Fig. 155. Hydromedusa {Boiigainvillea 7'ai)iosa) a, enlarged view of portion of colony, showing feeding individuals and reproduction individuals. New individuals are here produced asexually, by budding. /', the medusa stage, which originates as a bud on the hydra colony and reproduces by means of gametes thrown into the water
RMRWPDYK–Elements of comparative anatomy (1878) Elements of comparative anatomy elementsofcompar00gege Year: 1878 FORM OF BODY OF CGELENTERATA. 93 Colonies (coruii) are formed from single animals by gemmation. This may either occur at any point of the surface of the body (Hydra), and end by the bud breaking off, or it may take place in the stalk- like part. The creeping cormi of the Syncorynida), Hydractinias, etc., are formed by processes of the basal part, which give off new animals, attached here and there to it. When gemmation occurs in the free part of the stalk we get free, branched colonies, wh
RMCRNR14–Green Hydra (Chlorohydra viridissima) adult, in process of asexual reproduction by budding off new animal, attached to piece of
RF2D8MG8X–Beautiful Cereus Jamacaru Spirales cactus plant in the garden
RF2J2HWF5–A close up shot of a cut out bud of cauliflower plant
RM2AKRDBM–Regeneration . was, however, somewhat delayed. In anothei: experiment a bud was split in two lengthwise, and thecut was extended so that the body of the parent was separated intotwo pieces. Twenty-four hours later it was found that each half-budhad closed in, and was much larger than when first cut. The half-bud, that was attached to the posterior end of the anterior piece, wasconstricting at its base, and subsequently it separated at its point of 1 Rand found that when a posterior piece was grafted by its cut, oral end to the sideof another hydra that it was absorbed into the stock. In one ca
RMHRF8C7–Hydra, LM
RMPG22BH–. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. 54 ZOOLOGY. The process of budding is but a modification of tliat in- volved in natural self-division, and it is carried on to a great extent in Hydra, a mucli larger number of individuals being produced in this way than from eggs. Our figure (3G) shows two individuals budding out from the parent Hydra ; the smaller bud («) is a simple bulging out of the body-walls, the bud enveloping a por- tion of the stomach, until it becomes con- stricted and drops off, the tentacles mean- while budding out from the distal end, and a mouth-opening ari
RMMA70FA–. Elementary lessons in zoölogy : a guide in studying animal life and structure in field and laboratory . Hydra (X 6): m, mouth; sp, spermaries; ov, ovary; b, bud. variable number. In the transparent apex of a ripe sper- mary, the sperms may be seen swimming actively about or breaking out into the surrounding water. (5) Ovaries^ — rounded, obtuse elevations nearer the foot, rather larger than spermaries when ripe, usually fewer in number, and each containing but a single ovum. Both spermaries and ovaries are developed from the ectoderm, as might be inferred from their position and from their t
RMRWRC9T–Elements of biology; a practical Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology elementsofbiolog00hunt Year: [c1907] 198 ZOOLOGY or by the production of new animals by means of eggs and sperms, sexually. The bud appears on the body as a little knob, some- times more than one coming out on the same hydra. At first the bud is part of the parent animal, the body cavity extending into it. After a short time (usually a few days) the young hydra separates from the old one and begins life anew in another place. This is asexual reproduction. The hydra als
RM2AWEE7M–An introduction to the study of the comparative anatomy of animals . mes these may produce secondary buds before theydrop off from the parent stem. Now if a Hydra were togrow to a considerable length and produce a single budwhich did not drop off but lengthened out and in turn pro-duced another bud, and if this secondary bud produceda tertiary and the tertiary a quaternary, and so on, a simplecolony of hydriform persons would result, all of whosemembers would be united together and have theirgastrovascular cavities in connection. This condition isrealised in Obelia. There are several species i
RMHRF74E–Brown Hydra with Buds (LM)
RMPFH8YF–. Darwin, and after Darwin. An exposition of the Darwinian theory and a discussion of post-Darwinian questions. Evolution; Heredity. Embryology. Ill said that some of the higher Protozoa foreshadow this state of matters in forming cell-colonies, it must now be noted that the cells composing such colonies are all of the same kind ; and, therefore, that the principle. Fig. 28.—Hydra viridis, partly in section. M, mouth; O, ovary, or bud containing female reproductive cells; T, testis, or bud containing male reproductive cells. In addition to these buds containing ger- minal elements alone, there
RM2AJJYNK–A reference handbook of the medical sciences, embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . was brought to the attentionof the scientific world by the epoch-making researchesof Trembley (1744) on Hydra. The present articlerefers to the process in animals only. Budding may result in the multiplication of freeindividuals, or in the formation of colonies consistingof individuals more or less intimately connected.When there is complete separation, the bud may befreed (1) in a condition differing little from that ofits parent except in size, as in Hydra, Fig.
RMHRF6E4–Brown Hydra with Buds (LM)
RM2ANG604–Beginners' zoology . FlG. 43.— A JELLVKIbH. ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-hke, itbecomes the large and complex creature called jellyfish(Fig. 43). Butthe egg of theJellyfish pro-duces a smallhydra-like ajii-wrt/which givesrise by buddingto a hydroid,and the cycle iscomplete. The bud (or -reproductivehydranth) ofthe hydroid Fig. 44. —a jellyfish (medusa).. POLYPS {CUPLIKE ANIMALS) 31 does not produce a hydroid, but a jellyfish; the Qgg of thejellyfish does not produce a jellyfish, but a hydroid. This iscalled by zoologists, alternation of generations. A completeindividual is
RMHRF74D–Brown Hydra Feeding (LM)
RM2ANG8NG–Beginners' zoology . Fig. 38. — Hydras on the under sur-face of pondweed. 26 BEGINNERS ZOOLOGY scarce. Asexual generation (by budding) is common withthe hydra when food supply is abundant. After the bud grows to a cer-tain size, theouter layer ofcells at the baseof the bud con-stricts and theyoung hydra isdetached. Compare thesponge and thehydra in the fol-lowing respects:— many celled,or one celled;obtaining food ;breathing; tubesand cavities;openings; re-production ; loco-motion. Whichranks higher. ECTODERM CELLSINTERSTITAL 00MUSCLE LAYER FLAGELLA • •ENTERIC CAVITY* Fig. 39. ? • Longitudinal
RM2ANG6T5–Beginners' zoology . Fig. 41. — Portuguese Man-o*-war (compare with Fig. 40). A floatinghydroid colony with long, stinging (andsensory) streamers. Troublesome tobathers in Gulf ot Mexico. Noticeballoon-like float. POLYPS {^CUPLIKE ANIMALS) 29. eats and digests for the group, another defends by nettlingcells, another produces eggs. Each hydra-like part of ahydroid is called a liydranth. Sometimes the buds on thehydra remain attached so long that a bud forms upon thefirst bud. Thus three generations are represented in oneorganism. Such growths show us that it is not alwayseasy to tellwhat consti
RM2AKY659–First lesson in zoology : adapted for use in schools . ts former stomach-lining having now become its skin.The Hydra reproduces by budding as well as by eggs. The process of budding is but a modification of that in-volved in natural self-division, and it is carried on to agreat extent in Hydra, a much larger number of individualsbeing produced in this way than from eggs. Our figure(^1) shows two individuals budding out from the parent 28 FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY. Hydra; the smaller bud (q) is a simple bulging out of thebody-wallsj the bud enTeloping a portion of the stomach,until it becomes co
RM2CE54HH–. Beginners' Zoology . FiG. 43. — A Jellyfish. ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-Hke, itbecomes the large and complex creature called jellyfish(Fig. 43). Butthe egg of theJellyfish pro-duces a smallhydra-like ani-mal which, givesrise by buddingto a hydroidyand the cycle iscomplete. The bud (orreproductivehydranth) ofthe hydroid Fig. 44. —a jellyfish (medusa).. POLYPS iCUPUKE ANIMALS) 31 does not produce a hydroid, but a jellyfish ; the egg of thejellyfish does not produce a jellyfish, but a hydroid. This iscalled by zoologists, alternation of generations. A completeindividual is
RM2CE54GA–. Beginners' Zoology . Fig. 41. — PoRTiTGUESE Man-o*-war (compare with Fig. 40). A floatinghydroid colony with long, stinging (andsensory) streamers. Troublesome tobathers in Gulf ot Mexico. Noticeballoon-like float. POLYPS iCUPLIKE ANIMALS) 29. eats and digests for the group, another defends by nettHngcells, another produces eggs. Each hydra-like part of ahydroid is called a hydmntli. Sometimes the buds on thehydra remain attached so long that a bud forms upon thefirst bud. Thus three generations are represented in oneorganism. Such growths show us that it is not alwayseasy to tellwhat consti
RMRHK4HD–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. 328 THE BIOLOGY OF HYDRA : 1961 The animals represented by the filled chcles were fed every third day. These animals demonstrate that the rate of hydranth bud- ding is not significantly decreased by the lowered nutritional level but that frustule production is differentially affected. Therefore, this experiment provides direct evidence of a physiological interac- tion between medusa budding and frustule budding and further indicates that this interaction is at least partially nutritional
RMRHNT7P–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. HYDRAMOEBA AND CHLOROHYDRA 327 attempt to supply quantitative support for these observations the following perti- nent features were recorded during the experiments: day on which each host stopped feeding, the total number of days the host did not feed if it still survived to the end of the tenth day, the day on which each hydra produced its last bud, and the day of death (disintegration) of the host. These data, represented by averages ± the standard error for each treatment combination, are given in Table III. Xot all repl
RMRHK4PA–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. fh hr5 Fig. 10. The left half of the upper portion of a late hydranth bud of Campanularia is cut off. Both parts differentiate just what they would have produced normally, and there is no later restoration of missing parts. In another series of experiments we cut off and isolated very young hydranth buds of Campanularia, as shown in Figure 11. These were of such small mass that it would be impossible for them to develop a normal hydranth. Had these been athecate hydranth buds one would h
RMRHK4TY–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. Fig. 8. Two examples of the irregular structures which differentiated when tissues from a late hydranth bud were dissociated and allowed to re- aggregate. There are patches of well developed tentacles, and in the example at the right there is a hypostome (From Hartman, ref. 9). each region of the scrambled tissues was already set in the course of its differentiation. A further test of the distal tissues of buds at this age showed that they were like the whole in making irregular structur
RMRHK4YB–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. 300 THE BIOLOGY OF HYDRA : 1961 no more. The photograph of Campamdaria (Fig. 4) shows that all hydranths are of the same size. The bud of the hydranth which will be produced next is at the top, and proximal to this is the begin- ning of the outgrowth of the next pedicel. Some species of both thecate and athecate hydroids are solitary, and there are other species in which all hydranths arise only from the attaching stolon (e.g. Htjclractinia). Yet another pattern of colonial growth, in wh
RMRHK4NW–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. SEARS CROWELL 309. Fig. 11. Profile sketches of the morphogenesis of an isolated early hy- dranth bud of Campanularia. The finally differentiated disk consists of little more than a hypostome surrounded by a full circle of tentacles. The outer line represents the secreted perisarc; the tissue is stippled. buds of Campamdaria, however, showed an extraordinary ability to continue to perform the activities ordinarily performed by the distal-most tissues of a normally developing hydranth. Th
RMRDX6G9–. Natural history. Zoology. 696 COELENTERATAn. CNIDARIA. of the body, the digestion of food by the walla of the body cavity, the capture of prey, and defence against enemies, by means of the formidable stinging threads. The Hydra we have described is not an entirely stationary animal; it can detach its disc and creep along by using alternately its tentacles and its disc, and sometimes even casts its body loose, using the expanded Hydroid Colonies disc as a float and the tentacles for swimming. Most other —Zoophytes. Hydroids, however, unite to form stationary colonies, the young, which bud fr
RMRDJ2R8–. Evenings at the microscope : or, researches among the minuter organs and forms of animal life. Microscopy; Microscopes; Medical microscopy. 372 EVENINGS AT THE MIGBOSCOPE. eight; these in like manner increase progressively to sixteen, thirty-two, and sixty-four. It now possesses a close resemblance to the Hydra of our ditches, only having more tentacles; and, like it, the Medusa-larva buds forth from its sides young Hydra-like polypes, which take the form of their immediate parent, fall off, attach themselves, bud forth more, and so on. All these catch living prey with their tentacles, swall
RMRDHCJR–. Elements of zoology, to accompany the field and laboratory study of animals. Zoology. HYDRA 275 The coral polyp does not differ essentially from Metridium. But it has the habit of secreting lime at its base, so that, in com-se of time, a high cup is built up. The top of the cup bears radial septa,' which are laid down in the interspaces between the fleshy partitions such as are found in jIctridiian. Since most corals, like hydroids, bud freely, and since every bud secretes coral at its base, an extensive and complicated limy mass may be produced. This is the way in which the brain corals an
RMRDGHT2–. An introduction to zoology, with directions for practical work (invertebrates). COELENTERA TA 33 The medusa ^ is transparent and of a jelly-like consistence, owing to the great thickness of the gelatinous layer, known as the mesogloea, which lies between the skin and digestive cells. (Compare Hydra, p. 25.) In the wall of the bell there is at first a continuous. Fio. 14.—Bongainvillea. A, Colony natural size; B, colony enlarged; C, single reproductive individual or medusa; Pt nutritive polyp; ^, a medusa bud. cavity, lined with digestive cells; but, after a while—by the closing together of t
RMRDHM54–. Elementary text-book of zoology. CCELENTERATA. On agitation of the water, Hydra contracts its body and tentacles till it becomes a round knob, but if left to itself it will soon expand again to its normal condition. Very often the body appears to fork into two parts each of which has a ring of tentacles. One of these is a bud which is destined later to drop off the parent. Interoal Structures. Fig. 46.âTransverse Section of Hydra (Magnified). (Aditai.) Endoderm. Coalenteron. -If the animal be killed and preserved and cut into trans- verse sections, a low-power examination of such sections re
RMRDR7K8–. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. 20 BRANCH CCELENTERATA pillar-like looping it is able to change its position or perform slight locomotion. Dispersal.—^While the mature Hydra has very limited powers of locomotion, or direct dispersal, its offspring may be widely. Fig. 11.—A, Part of the colony of BougaiiivU'lea iiuis'cua, one of the com- pound Hydrozoa, of the natural size. B, Part of the same enlarged: p, A polypitc fully expanded; m, an incompletely developed reproductive bud; m', a more completely developed reproductive bud; /, coenosare with its investing periderm and
RMREPE05–. An elementary course in practical zoölogy [microform]. Zoology; Zoologie. of the body walls, or by the action of cilia lining the body cavity. Look for knob-like extensions of thu side of the body. Buds are formed as outgrowths of the body walls with a cavity continuous with the body cavity. Place in a dish by itself with some aquatic plants, a hydra bearing buds, and watch from day to day the development of the bud into the form of the parent. Observe the free circulation of food material from the parent to the bud. Watch the formation of tentacles. Look also for a thinnino- away of the fre
RMRHKJ79–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Marine biology. EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON HYDRA. 51 (The Hydra had been collected in a pond having a temperature of 12° C.) When removed from the ice box both body and tentacles were about one half contracted. The bud was about the same size it was when the experiment was begun. Sections showed body, tentacles and bud all with distinct cell structure, Figs. 1-4. The minute changes in structure shown by these sec-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorati
RMRENCFG–. Zoölogy [microform] : descriptive and practical. Zoology; Zoologie. Spermary Bud : — Middle layer i — Endoderm. Crou section Fig. i8a Hydra, Longitudinal Section. fl tions are called muscle processes and are the chief agents in shortening and moving the body. Between the nar- rowed bases of the larger ectoderm cells are smaller cells, which are supposed to be sensitive, and may perhaps be properly called nerve cells. Stinging Cells. — Among the cells of the ectoderm, both of the body and of the tentacles, are peculiar bodies called. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pa
RMRE85H9–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. HrBOCODON PROLIFEn, Ag. St*m of a single Hydra. —o Its moutk sur- rounded with tentacles. — 11 Its marginal tentacles. — ddd The most advanced of its Medusas buds.. Medusa bud of Hybocodon trolifer, Ag. t Base of attachment to the Hydra stock. — o Proboscis. — c Circular chymife- rous tube. — b Kadiating chymiferous tube. — d t Proliferous Medusa with its single tentacle. — t Single tentacle of the primary Medusa. — Near c An- other small proliferous Meduaa-bud, and
RMRHYNGK–. Beginners zoology. Zoology. 26 BEGINNERS' ZOOLOGY ECTODERM CELLS INTERSTITAL 00 MUSCLE LAYER OVARY- OVUM scarce. Asexual generation (by budding) is common with the hydra when food supply is abundant. After the bud grows to a cer- tain size, the outer layer of cells at the base of the bud con- stricts and the young hydra is detached. Compare the sponge and the hydra in the fol- lowing respects: — many celled, or one celled; obtaining food ; breathing; tubes and cavities; openings; re- production ; loco- motion. Which ranks higher among the metazoa ? The metazoa, or many celled ani- mals, incl
RMRHKAD9–. Biology. Biology. 84 ORGANISMS OF TISSUES ing is made up of the epithelio-muscle cells, while sensory cells are rare and limited to the regions about the mouth and the pedal disc. The nettle or stinging cells are superficially placed on the epithelial cells and partly embedded in them. The nerve and interstitial cells lie between the bases of the epithelial cells and upon the supporting lamella.. FIG. 34.—Hydra fusca as seen in optical section through the enteric cavity; two testes are shown just below the tentacles and an ovary farther down; on the opposite side a well-developed bud. (Modif
RMRDR7K4–. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. HYDROZOA 21 waves, or the transporting, by the same means, of the debris to whieh they are attached in later hfe. Symbiosis is exemplified by Hyd'ra vir'iili.s, or the green Hxjdra, the color probably being due to the presence of small green algce. Another species found in Russia, Polypo'dium hydrifor'jne, of which little is known, is parasitic on sturgeon eggs.' A Hydroid Colony (Fig. 11).—Suppose a hydra-hke animal to bud and branch until it looked like a tiny bushy shrub. This will give you some idea of these plant-like hydroids. These h
RMRHK4K5–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. 322 THE BIOLOGY OF HYDRA : 1961 A similar sequence of events was also observed in colonies reared at 20° and at 19-23 : At 20° {± 1°) (Fig. 5) the frequency of all three types of budding was reduced though the same basic bud- ding pattern was observed: an obvious initial peak of hydranth production, a phase of rapid frustule production followed by a slight decline, and a phase of medusa budding. At 19-23' (Fig. 6) all three types of budding were increased and the three phases of asexual
RMRHRC0P–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ANIMAL TISSUES. 45 temperature of 4°C. a fusion of the partially divided halves takes place. Among Hydra the formation of buds, which finally become distinct individuals, may be considered analogous to the process of cell division among Protozoa. It was found that if a Hydra in the earlier stages of the process of budding be placed. FIG. 2. The same Hydra as in Fig. I, after an exposure of six days to a tem- perature of 6°C. The absorption of the tentacles and bud is nearly complete. at a temperature
RMRJNDRH–. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. OBELIA. 119 justified, as it first arises as a single polype individual which buds like Hydra, but in this case the bud does not become detacherl. It remains in continuity with the parent and later buds in its turn. Obetm is therefore a hydroid (or hydra-like) colony produced by asexual budding. The perisarc is secreted by the outer layer or ectoderm and is evidently a necessity to a colonial form to give support. Occasionally, at the base of the colony, there may be noticed large ovoid masses completely enveloped in perisarc. T
RMRHR62K–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. MIGRATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN HYDRA. 419 are developing. Those on the border line, often migrate towards the buds but never reach them. That is, they remain on the parent. The place occupied by the reproductive organs on the completely formed bud is determined by their position in the. FIG. i. Hydra with 5 buds and 13 spermaries. Spermaries have migrated from parent to buds 2, 4 and 5. growth region (R-G) of the parent hydra at the time the bud starts. Spermaries or ovaries found near the tip or center of the distal en
RMREYTBX–. A manual of elementary zoology . Zoology. HYDRA AND OBELIA. POLYPS AND MEDUSA. 175. --ect. -end. perith. Fig. 109.—Part of a colony of Obelia, magnified. bl., Blastostyle ; ect., ectoderm ; end., endoderm ; gtk., gonotheca ; hyth., hydrotheca med., medusa bud ; p.b., polyp bud ; ferith., peritheca.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Borradaile, L. A. (Lancelot Alexander), 1872-1945. London : H. Frowde, Hodde
RMRDHM4E–. Elementary text-book of zoology. OBELI A. 119 justified, as it first arises as a single polype imlividual which buds like Hydra, but in this case the bud does not become detached. It remains in continuity with the parent and later buds in its turn. Obelia is therefore a hydroid (or hydra-like) colony produced by asexual budding. The perisarc is secreted by the outer layer or ectoderm and is evidently a necessity to a colonial form to give support. Occasionally, at the base of the colony, there may be noticed large ovoid masses completely enveloped in perisarc. These sporosacs contain modifi
RMRE85GX–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. COEYNE MIKABILIS, Ag. Hydra with a Jledusa bud. The buds when freed become Sarsiie. See fig. 21. a Stem of the Hydra. —v Its club-shaped body. — o Its mouth. — 11 Tentjiclea scattered over the body. — d Medusa bud. Medusa bud of CORYNE MIKABIUS, Ag. The bud represented here sepa- rately, with its base of attachment a ctit thi'ough, is younger than that represented in its natural con- nection in fig. 19 (/. The free lledusa is represented Fig. 21, and described as Sa
RMRN5NGF–. Animal biology; Human biology. Parts II & III of First course in biology. Biology. 26 ANIMAL BIOLOGY scarce. Asexual generation (by budding) is common with the hydra when food supply is abundant. After the bud grows to a cer- tain size, the outer layer of cells at the base of the bud con- stricts and the young hydra is detached. Compare the sponge and the hydra in the fol- lowing respects: - many celled, or one celled; obtaining food ; breathing; tubes and cavities; openings; re- production ; loco- motion. Which ranks higher ECTODERM CELLS INTERSTITAL DO MUSCLE LAYER MESOGLCEA ENDODERM C
RMRHN1GD–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. About 2 - 3 days B. Separation of Secondary Axis. About 3 - 6 weeks Figure 5. Difference between budding (A) and separation of a secondary axis of polarity (B) in hydra. The secondary axis of polarity can be established by the induction method of Browne described in the text, or by a kind of longitudinal fission, which can occur naturally or be initiated by cutting the upper half a hydra partway down the middle of the body column. this bud starts to form, it will normally develop a basal disc at the point of junction between
RMRHR62A–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 420 GEORGE W. TANNREUTHER. I, 2, 3 and 4 shows the position of the spermary at different periods of growth on the bud, and its final position when the bud is completely formed. Note the position of the spermary Spermary /< 1 .a. DIAGRAMS A, B, C and D to show the migration of reproductive organs from parent hydra to the forming buds. before its migration began. In Diagram C, I, 2, 3 and 4 the spermaries were located near the outer edge of the region of grov/th (R-G). The time required for the development of the. Please no
RMRHNYFP–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL IN A HYDRA CLONE 289 occurred within 2 days and by the end of the eighth day some of the specimens in the culture were bearing one bud, some were single and a few were bearing 2 buds. Specimens bearing 4, 5 and 6 buds appeared rapidly during the next 2 days but on the last day of the 17 day period there was an increase in the number of single specimens which were not budding. Increase in numbers was very high from the tenth to the fourteenth day but the rate of increase declined slightly from the four-
RMRHN3P1–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SWfc**.*-^ b //. FIGURES 1-4: Experimental procedures leading to successful grafts between portions of hydra (Artist: Leslie Wolcott). FIGURE 1. Mature bud grafting to a cut opening in inverted parental body column. See text for explanation. Hydra at right is inside out except for the bud protruding through the cut opening. FIGURE 2. An intact hydra is inserted into another one that has had its foot removed. See text. FIGURE 3. Inserting an inverted hydra (left) into one that was not inverted (center). See text. FIGURE 4. Se
RMRN5NCC–. Animal biology; Human biology. Parts II & III of First course in biology. Biology. FIG. 43- - A JELLYFISH. ance changes entirely and instead of being hydra-like, it becomes the large and complex creature called jellyfish (Fig. 43). But the egg of tJie jellyfish pro- duces a small hydra- like ani- mal 'which gives rise by budding to a hydroid) and the cycle is complete. The bud (or reproductive hydranth) of the hydroid FIG. 44. — A JELLYFISH (medusa).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration an
RMRE85DA–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. Hybocodon prolifeb, Ag. '. stem of a single Hydra. — o Its mouth sur- rounded with tentacles. — / / Its marginal tentacles. — d dd The most advanced of its Medusae bud.s. Fig. G5. Fin. CO. Fig. 67.. Medusa bud of Hybocodon prolifer, Ag. t Base of attachment to the Hydra stock. .— 0 Proboscis. — c Circular chymife- rous tube. — b Radiating chymiferous tube. — d t Proliferous Medusa with its single tentacle. — t Single tentacle of the primary Medusa. — Near c An- othe
RMRHRBYY–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIG. 2. The same Hydra as in Fig. I, after an exposure of six days to a tem- perature of 6°C. The absorption of the tentacles and bud is nearly complete. at a temperature of 4°C., not only does the growth of the bud stop instantly, but an absorption of the bud into the body of the parent commences, and continues until all traces of the bud have disappeared. (See Figs. I and 2.) In order to demonstrate this absorption of the bud, great care is needed in lowering the. FIG. 4. FIG. 3. FIG. 3. The final resting stage of Hydra, f
RMRHNYET–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL IN A HYDRA CLONE 291 animal was reproducing at a low rate when, in fact the parent animal was in a state of depression and did not form a new hud for seven days. Because of these ap- parent discrepancies between the number of buds attached or detached on any one day and the number of new buds formed on the same day, the rate of new bud forma- tion was selected as the best criterion of an index for reproduction rate.. 10 DAYS FIGURE 3. Block graph showing the daily production of buds by the single paren
RMRJNDYD–. Elementary text-book of zoology [electronic resource]. Zoology. 112 CCELENTEKATA. On agitation of the water, Hydra contracts its body and tentacles till it becomes a round knob, but if left to itself it Internal ^"^^ ^oon expand again to its normal condition. â. Very often the body appears to fork into two structures, ^ r ^ â -x k ⢠r 1 parts, each or which has a rmg of tentacles. One of these is a bud which is destined later to drop off the parent. Fig. 46.âTransverse Section of Hydra (Magnified).. If the animal be killed and preserved and cut into trans- verse sections, a low-power e
RMRN5MKH–. Animal biology. Zoology; Biology. HYDRA 137 they are spermaries, or testes; if they are more knobUke and are situated nearer the base they are ovaries (Fig. 58). 163. Internal Structure.—When studied by means of sections (Fig. 58) in which the structure is brought out by appropriate staining, the hydra is seen to be made up of a body wall surrounding a large central Nemorhcysfs. Older bud flagellated cell Oi/ary Fig. 58.—Somewhat diagrammatic longitudinal section of a hydra, showing two buds differing in age on the left, and a spermary and ovary on the right. Batteries of nemato- cysts are t
RMRDR7KA–. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. 18 BRANCH CCELBNTERATA CLASS I. HYDROZOA In this class are found the worldwide fresh-water Hydras and the marine Hydroid Colonies, such as Campa?iula'ria or Obe'lia. The Hydras are small fresh-water Hydrozo'a from ^ to j or possibly J inch in length. They may be white or colorless, or green or brown. The body is a simple cylinder (Fig. 10) or sac, closed at one end, and near the other surrounded ])y six or eight tentacles,. Fig. 10.—Hydra: Longitudinal section of animal, showing m, mouth; ;, tentacle; il, digestive cavity; b, bud; s, sperma
RMRDHN8K–. A junior course of practical zoology. Zoology. 14 HYDRA It is uncertain, however, how far these species are really distinct from one another, and the following description will apply to any one of them.. Fig. 4.—Hydra. A diagrammatic longitudinal section of a specimen with ripe reproductive organs, and with a fully formed bud ; x 12. (a. m. m.) A, mouth. B, hypostome. C, body-cavity. D, ectoderm. E, mesoderm. p, endoderm. Cr, cavity of one of the tentacles. H, testis. I, ripe ovum in the ovary. K, fully-formed hud, with mouth and tentacles. It, foot by which the Hydra is attached to a piece
RMRE85H5–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. 46 ACALEPHS IN GENERAL. Part I. coinbiiuHl Thaninoenidiii (Xo]. 4, PI. XXII.) has lour distinct teiitack's and a large proboscis, but neither radiating nor circular tubes. Paryidia (Vol. 4, PL XXIII.) fg. 15.. Trochopyxis, Ag. New genus of Cnmpanuhiria'. aa Common basis of the community. â 4 Fertile Hydra, âcd Stems of sterile liyiiTW. â e g Sterile Ilyilia> expanded. â/ Secondary sterile llydra bud. f;-j. 16. Fis. 17 also has tentacles, but of a very diflerent
RMRD9KJX–. Zoology : for students and general readers . Zoology. 54 ZOOLOGY. The process of budding is but a modification of tliat in- volved in natural self-division, and it is carried on to a great extent in Hydra, a mucli larger number of individuals being produced in this way than from eggs. Our figure (3G) shows two individuals budding out from the parent Hydra ; the smaller bud («) is a simple bulging out of the body-walls, the bud enveloping a por- tion of the stomach, until it becomes con- stricted and drops off, the tentacles mean- while budding out from the distal end, and a mouth-opening ari
RMRN5NE4–. Animal biology; Human biology. Parts II & III of First course in biology. Biology. POLYPS {CUPLIKE ANIMALS}. eats and digests for the group, another defends by nettling cells, another produces eggs. Each hydra-like part of a hydroid is called a hydranth. Sometimes the buds on the hydra remain attached so long that a bud forms upon the first bud. Thus three generations are represented in one organism. Such growths show us that it is not always easy to tell what consti- tutes an indi- vidual animal. Hydro ids may be con- ceived to have been developed by the failure of budding hy- QraS LO S
RMRDHDEX–. A manual of zoology. THE METAZOA 73 place in a number of different classes of animals. In this form of reproduction a process or bud (Fig. 32, fid) is given off from some part of the parent animal; this bud sooner or later assumes the form of the complete animal, and may become detached from the parent either before or after its M*. Fig. 32. — Fresh-water polype (hydra), two specimens, the one expanded the other contracted, showing multiplication by budding. bdl bd- bd'6, buds in various stages of growth. (From Parker's Biology.) development has been completed, or may remain in perma- nent v
RMRHMGWE–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 1234 nauplii consumed per meal Figure 1. I stimatcd masses of given (D) and aposymhiolic (O) hy- dra at various steads state feeding rates for hydra fed three times weekly (A) and six times weekly IB). Masses were derived from photographic size estimates of parental tissue only (exclusive of bud tissue) by the method described in Slobodkinand Dunn( 1983). Plotted values repre- sent the means of determinations made at the beginning, middle, and end of the 21-day experiment. Least squares regressions (shown) yielded R; alues
RMRDGHW7–. An introduction to zoology, with directions for practical work (invertebrates). 26 INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY From some of tlie "packing cells" of the skin there develop certain highly specialised cells known as dart cells or thread cells—also called nematocysts (nema, a thread) —which work their way through to the outer surface of an ordinary skin cell (Fig. 11, B, d), and there perform. Fig. 11.—Hydra. A, Longitudinal section of the whole hody; m, mouth; 6, bud; sp, spennary ; o, egg cell inside ovary. B, A few cells of the body-wall enlarged; s, skin cells or ectoderm; d, dart cell
RMRHK4WX–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. SEARS CROWELL 303 In a day or two in Coidijloplwra and other athecate forms a small bud (sometimes several) appears on the upper side of the cellular ball and quickly develops four or so tentacles. If fed, it will grow. In Campaniihha, a growth zone appears on the ball and produces either a stolon or a pedicel. This grows out for several days using the materials in the ball. Finally, after about a week, in exactly the same sequence as in ordinary hydranth development, a new small but com
RMRE85D8–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. Medusa bud of Hybocodon prolifer, Ag. t Base of attachment to the Hydra stock. .— 0 Proboscis. — c Circular chymife- rous tube. — b Radiating chymiferous tube. — d t Proliferous Medusa with its single tentacle. — t Single tentacle of the primary Medusa. — Near c An- other small proliferous Medusa-bud. Fig. 68.. Cory'ne mikabilis, Ag. Hydra with a Medusa bud. This bud when freed becomes a Sarsia, Fig. 70. a Stem of the Uyin. — v Its club- shaped body.—o Its mouth.—w
RMRE85D0–. Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Zoology; Chelonia (Genus); Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Animals. Cory'ne mikabilis, Ag. Hydra with a Medusa bud. This bud when freed becomes a Sarsia, Fig. 70. a Stem of the Uyin. — v Its club- shaped body.—o Its mouth.—w Ten- tacles scattered over the body —d Medusa bud. Free Medusa of Hybocodon pkolifek, Ag. The longest vertical tube being seen in profile. 1' Proboscis. —TO Kadiating tubes. — s Circular tube. — t Tentacle.—m Buds of Medusa*, proliferous from its base. Medusa bud of COBYNE MIRABILIS, Ag. The bud represented here
RMRHK3Y8–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. LI AND LENHOFF 447. -1 120 Isf feeding 2nd feeding 3rd feeding DAYS BUDS ARE GROWING 100 80 60 40 O en 20 Q. Fig. 6. DNA, RNA, and protein content of buds during growth to small bud stage Hydra. owing to an increase in protein, the bud's DNA/protein ratio dimin- ished to that of the parent (Fig. 6). These experiments suggest that in bud cells the amount of nuclear material is high relative to the cytoplasm, and that subsequent growth of the detached bud involves an increase in cytoplasmi
RMRE0B0M–. Zoology for high schools and colleges. Zoology. 54 ZOOLOGY. The process of bndding is but a modification of that in- volved in natural self-division, and it is carried on to a great extent in Hydra, a much larger number of individuals being produced in this way than from eggs. Our figure (36) shows two individuals budding out from the parent Hydra; the smaller bud (a) is a simple bulging out of the body-walls, the bud enveloj)ing a por- tion of the stomach, until, it becomes con- stricted and drops off, the tentacles mean- while budding out from the distal end, and a mouth-opening arising be
RMRHK3YH–. The biology of hydra and of some other coelenterates, 1961. Hydra; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Cnidaria; Hydra. 444 THE BIOLOGY OF HYDRA : 1961. 10 SB 20 30 MB 40 50 60 ST HOURS AFTER FEEDING 70 LT Fig. 3. DNA, RNA, and protein content of Hydra in different stages of budding. The symbols SB, MB, ST, and LT represent the small bud, medium bud, short tentacled, and long tentacled stage animals. These data reveal the first major chemical difference between par- ent and bud tissues, the DNA/ protein ratio of the bud being three times that of the parent Hydra. Since the experiments in Figure 3 gave no
RMREKWYX–. A civic biology : presented in problems. Biology; Sanitation. T.B Different forms of tissue cells. <', bone making cells ; E, epi- thelial cells; F, fat cells; L, liver cells; M, muscle cell; i, invol- untary; r, voluntary; N, nerve cell; CB, cell body; N.F., nerve fiber; T.B., nerve endings ; 11', colorless blood cells.. Enlarged lengthwise section of the hydra, a very simple animal which shows slight division of labor. hn, base ; b, bud ; m, mouth; or. ovary; sp, spermary. is called physiological division of labor. As we have seen, the higher plants are made up of a vast number of cells
RMRHMGXD–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 1% K. V. Dl - E c c re CL 13 £ eo E 130 110 90 70- 50 30- 10 (A) 3 meals/week D o - 130 110- 90- 70 50- 30- tc (B) 6 meals/week. 1234 nauplii consumed per meal Figure 1. I stimatcd masses of given (D) and aposymhiolic (O) hy- dra at various steads state feeding rates for hydra fed three times weekly (A) and six times weekly IB). Masses were derived from photographic size estimates of parental tissue only (exclusive of bud tissue) by the method described in Slobodkinand Dunn( 1983). Plotted values repre- sent the means of
RMRHM99T–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. HYDRA NEURONS DURING EMBRYOGENESIS 350 300 250 200 ISO 100 50 0 •J-S 1 D 20 d Cuticle • Minus? 0 Cigar B Tentacle Bud S5d B Adult B B n20d Cuticle • 0Cigar H Tentacle Bud H5d a Adult Ganglion Cells Sensory Cells Neuron Class Unclassifiable Neurons Figure 3. Mean (± SEM) numbers (a) and population densities (h) ot RFamide-positive ganglion cells, sensory cells, and unclassifiable neurons in different developmental stages of Hydra vulgaris (n = 5). One-way ANOVA tor numbers and population densities of ganglion cells across all