Parenting styles (PS) are parents’ attitudes towards their children’s overall development and education. By establishing the family’s environment and parents’ behaviours, PS have been the focus of developmental psychology and family studies, namely in relation to child outcomes. This cross-sectional study analyses the impact of perceived PS by adolescents regarding their school achievement. 110 boys and 118 girls in years 5-9 of schooling (M= 12.60, SD= 1.82) from a state school in Lisbon answered a demographic form and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for both parents. Their grades and the number of retentions were analysed. Results show that authoritative parenting correlates to higher grades and better school achievement. Permissive and authoritarian styles correlate to worse school results (grades and number of years held back). Although PS may vary according to cultural contexts, these results are in line with previous international research findings that show that parents’ authoritativeness is associated with better children outcomes and school achievement. Age and school level have a significant effect on PS. Older and more educated parents are perceived as less permissive and authoritarian. No level of agreement between the PS of mother/father-teenager was found, suggesting that the parents perceive themselves differently than their children. The results contribute to parenting styles’ knowledge within the Portuguese cultural context. They are also useful for organizing future, evidence-based interventions regarding parenting programmes and school underachievement and dropout preventing programmes.

Why do some students consistently achieve high grades, while others do not? What are the underlining factors that could determine differences in development? Previous research has aimed to answer these questions in order to understand why students achieve differently, even when subjected to the same classes and teachers (Zhang, 2001). In the past few decades, researchers have acknowledged parenting styles as a potential factor that could influence a child’s social, behavioural and psychological development (Ishak, Low, & Lau, 2011; Matestic, 2008; Myers, 2012; Turner, Chandler, & Heffer, 2009). This essay aims to relate and compare Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem and mesosystem stages, and Baumrind’s authoritative parenting typology, to explore how authoritative parenting may influence a child's academic achievement.

The study determined the parenting styles affected the academic achievement of Junior High School Learners in the West I District of the Division of Iligan City. The study's goal was to ascertain parental participation and parenting style in relation to Junior High School learners' academic achievement as measured by their overall average during the second quarter of the academic year 2022-2023. The study used a descriptive-correlational research approach that was adopted by the researchers. The respondents to the study were chosen at random from the West I District of the Division of Iligan City. Findings showed that the respondents' parents tended to parent authoritatively most of the time. The outcome revealed that the weighted mean was occasionally misconstrued. Additionally, the respondents' parents exercised an authoritarian parenting style. The outcome showed that the weighted mean was occasionally misconstrued. The respondents' parents used a lenient parenting approach. Additionally, the outcome demonstrated that the weighted mean was occasionally viewed as inattentive parenting on the part of the respondents' parents. In contrast to authoritative parenting methods, the null hypothesis, which claimed there was no significant correlation between respondents' academic achievement and their demographic profile in terms of authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles, was not rejected. This implied that authoritative parenting style was the only predictor that affected the respondents' academic performance.

This research determined the influence of parents and their parenting styles on children’s behavior. The author examined different parenting styles to understand which style leads the children to be juvenile delinquent, that ultimately makes the children low academic achievers. In this paper, the researcher attempts to bring an original contribution through the identification of what is missing in the literature thus offering recommendations for future research on the role of parents in shaping the future of their children. Much research has been done on the role of parents in shaping the future of their children; however, more comprehensive research needs to be conducted on the role of parents and different parenting styles on their children’s behavior. A qualitative paradigm was preffered using in-depth interviews with two mothers of children with delinquent behavior. The findings revealed that authoritarian parenting style leads the children to become rebellious and adopt problematic behavior due tomore than necessary power exercised on children by parents. In contrast, authoritative parenting style is effective for children, as it encourages moderate parenting style. There is a demonstrated need reported in the literature that parents who spend maximum time with their children reduce the probability of developing delinquent behavior among their children. Spending more time together with the adolescents reciprocate through reducing their problematic behaviors. This study is based on a limited data and refers to the experience of only two mothers.

Confronted with a Covid-19 epidemic all the more frightening for its rapid spread while its origins remained mysterious, scholars responded to the general need for meaning by placing world disasters in historical perspective. It led to a renewed interest in the relationship between religion and disease, while religious orders as specific actors, victims or voices during epidemics remained overlooked. Based on a symposium organized at DePaul University, this is precisely what this book explores. It discusses how religious orders positioned themselves between collective salvation and individual survival. It considers the contribution of religious orders to a spiritual awakening in the face of epidemics, both as intercessors responding to appeals from lay people and civil authorities and as religious ready to offer their lives for the victims. It compares male and female religious orders in the modern era, which was more globalized, medicalized and secularized than medieval societies. Facing disease, both consecrated men and women took original paths and even invented new and provocative theologies of illness. A comparative approach, from the Black Death in the fourteenth century to AIDS in the twentieth century, and wide geographical coverage on a global scale, from transnational congregations to specific care establishments, enable comparisons to be make but also clearly distinguish different historical configurations. Building on a renewed scholarship into Catholic religious orders, this book is a major contribution to the history of societies shaped by religion and disease.

La complejidad de los factores intervinientes en los procesos de salud requiere de la multiplicidad disciplinar en términos de abordaje y prevención. En las ciencias sociológicas, la Sociología de la Salud (SS) describe el aporte social en la salud y la enfermedad. Atentos a que un área de conocimiento se circunscribe a campos del saber especializados por la homogeneidad de su objeto de conocimiento, por una común tradición histórica y por la presencia de colectividades de investigadores, la relación posible entre la sociología de la salud y la Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología (PNIE) propone una visión superadora e integrativa reuniendo y acogiendo aportes de las diversas disciplinas.