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Many healthcare providers and the public are paying very special attention to the outbreak of the Ebola Virus in West Africa and the subsequent infection of the two critical care nurses at Texas. Many healthcare professionals expressed their confusion about the virus and the seeming stigmatization of nurses. Currently with the outbreak in Texas, nurses and other healthcare providers were encountered the same dilemmas as Central Africa nurses years ago.
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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a zoonotic disease that has affected humans especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the past four decades with case fatality rate up to about 90%. As at September 2015, the recent EVD in West Africa has led to a record number of 11 306 deaths out of 28 200 cases reported from 10 countries. This paper examines the clinical presentation and management of Ebola virus disease in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review of Ebola virus disease in sub-Saharan Africa published in EBSCOhost (Discovery), Academic Search Complete, JSTOR, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Health Source, Scopus, Biomedical and reference lists of relevant papers.The finding shows that initialEVD manifestations include high fever, headache, malaise, fatigue but the most common symptoms were gastrointestinal symptomsand general pains. However, the less frequent symptoms are haemorrhagic fever which is associated with mortality. Also the finding suggests that management of Ebola virus disease includes supportive care (oral rehydration solution, intravenous fluid, therapy antibiotics, anti malarial and analgesia), experimental therapy (Brincidofivi, ZMapp, TKM-Ebola and convalescent whole blood) and combined therapy. Our review showed that, although initial symptoms of EVD mimic many of the tropical diseases, the common manifestation of EVD were gastrointestinal symptoms and general body pains. Hemorrahagic symptoms were less common and only occur at the terminal stage of the disease. Combinational therapy of supportive care and approved medication as well as intensive care, early diagnoses and prompt initiation are keys to an EVD patient's survival.
Review of 2014-2015 W.Africa Ebola epidemic and previous Ebola epidemics. Epidemiology of transmission to health workers.
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