Potential C storage through the recycling of organic residues: experimental evidence and potential efficiency at the french national scale

Potential C storage through the recycling of organic residues: experimental evidence and potential efficiency at the french national scale Sabine Houot, Camille Resseguier, Aurélia Michaud, Florent Levavasseur, Alexandra Albuquerque Monteiro, Maelenn Poitrenaud, Thierry Morvan, Laure Bamière, Julie Constantin, Camille Launay, et al. To cite this version: Sabine Houot, Camille Resseguier, Aurélia Michaud, Florent Levavasseur, Alexandra Albuquerque Monteiro, et al.. Potential C storage through the recycling of organic residues: experimental evidence and potential efficiency at the french national scale. Food security and climate change: 4 per 1000 initiative new tangible global challenges for the soil, Jun 2019, Poitiers, France. ฀hal-02788895฀ HAL Id: hal-02788895 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02788895 Submitted on 5 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License POTENTIAL C STORAGE THROUGH THE RECYCLING OF ORGANIC RESIDUES: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE AND POTENTIAL EFFICIENCY AT THE FRENCH NATIONAL SCALE Sabine Houot1, C. Resseguier1, A. Michaud1, F. Levavasseur1, M. Albuquerque2, M. Poitrenaud2, Thierry Morvan3, Laure Bamiere4, Julie Constantin5, Camille Launay5, Michele Schiavo6, Olivier Rechauchere6, Sylvain Pellerin7 (1) INRA ECOSYS Grignon, (2) VEOLIA, (3) INRA SAS Quimper, (4) INRA ECOPUB Grignon, (5) INRA AGIR Toulouse, (6) INRA DEPE Paris, (7) INRA ISPA Bordeaux Organic residue recycling in agriculture 6% other - 94% animal manures - 6% Urban and industrial 121 106 tons FM 12 106 tons of organic C 94% manures (Survey of agricultural practices, 2011 in Houot et al, 2014) • Potential ressource increase ? • Increase of urban organic residue recycling organic C and nutrient recycling Part of circular economy  What is the potential C storage in soils? • Other crop and practice efficiencies for C storage  Pellerin et al. .02 Evidence of the potential efficiency Network of long-term field experiments http://www6.inra.fr/valor-pro .03 Evidence of C storage with regular organic residue application: QualiAgro site • France, Ile de France, started in 1998 • Loamy soil, temperate climate, Wheat- Maize succession • OR Application: Every 2 years , 4 t C/ha  Twice usual application rates Treatments: Composted sludge (DVB) Biowaste compost (BIO) Municipal solid waste compost (OMR) Farmyard manure (FUM) Control (CN) Evolution of C stocks: +1.5 to 2.5% /year Levavasseur et al., in preparation .04 Parameterisation of the STICS crop model Crop development Cropping practices Water balance Soil characteristics C and N balance (Brisson et al., 2008) Climate Water, nitrates, heat transferts • Organic residue decomposition • Good simulation of crop production, evolution of soil organic C stocks …. • Long-term experiments (QualiAgro) or laboratory incubations Levavasseur et al., in preparation .05 Simulations with STICS model Climate safran 8 987 units Soil map units Cropping practices (survey) UPC : soilclimate units 30 966 UPC Crop succession map Seq. 1 UPC agricultural 23 149 UPC UPC Arable crops 12 060 UPC Seq. 2 187 671 simulations 1 to 3 dominant successions 3 489 units ≈ 6 000 000 units Large UPC > 100 ha Dominant cropping systems in UPC  > 10% surface (Pellerin et al.) • Crop succession with organic residues (sugarbeet, rapeseed, wheat, maize) • Slurry: 30 m3/ha; manure: 15 to 30 tons/ha…. • 5 106 ha: 29% total agricultural surface • Baseline: + 8 kgC/ha year in crop successions with OR compared to successions without OR .06 Actual and potential additionnal sources of organic residues (1) Different sources of data: • Manures : Marsac et al., 2018: ELBA, evaluation of agricultural biomass and survey of farmer practices • Industrial Residues, collected greenwastes (GW), Sewage sludges (SS), biowastes (BIOW): SOLAGRO & INDDIGO, 2013. Potential biomass for anaerobic digestion (ADEME) • Total greenwastes: SOLAGRO, 2014. Potential greenwastes (France Agrimer) • Already recycled sewage sludges and biowastes : ADEME 2017 Data in 106 tons of fresh matters Total manures Industrial residues Total GW Collected GW (9 % of total) total SS (20% MS) Recycled SS (70% total) Total BIOW Collected BIOW (10% total) 120.3 16.2 52.1 4.8 5.9 4.1 11.6 1.0 .07 Actual and potential additionnal sources of organic residues (2) Objective  Produce more composts and digestates Data in 106 tons of fresh matters Total manures 120.3 Industrial Collected residues GW 16.2 4.8 Total GW (9% total) total SS (20% MS) 52.1 5.9 Recycled Collected BIOW SS (70% total) (10% total) 4.1 1.0 Total BIOW 11.6 Already recycled Increase of GW collection to 35% Increase SS composting to 70% (30% today) Increase BIOW separate collection to 50% of potential: 50% anaerobic digestion and 50% composting .08 Actual and potential additionnal sources of organic residues (3) Potential additionnal production of composts and digestates (106 tons) GW composts BIOW composts SS composts Today Additionnal 1 1.9 1.2 2.9 2 4.8 BIOW digestates 4.3 Total FM 4.2 13.9 Total C associated 0.6 1.6 Today, 12 106 tons of C, mostly in manures  Additionnal 1.6 106 tons of C .09 Additionnal C storage (kg/ha/year) with the new sources of organic residues (0-30 cm) • Crop successions without organic residues • Composts: 15 t FM/ha; Digestates: 25 m3/ha, every 2.5 years Additionnal 4.2 106ha  + 25% of total agricultural surface C stocks in soils Average C storage 245 kg C/ha/year .010 Additionnal relative C storage (‰/ha/year) with the new sources of organic residues (0-30 cm) Average relative C storage 4.5‰/ha/year .011 But…. • GW used to produce the additionnal composts already largely returned to soils • Additionnal C only coming from sludge or biowaste was calculated  average of 26% of additionnal C storage • 0.243 0.059 tC/ha/year • 4.5 ‰/ha/year  1.1 ‰/ha/year Total additionnal C storage Additional C Surface 0.059 tC/ha/year 4.2 106 ha 0.257 106 t C/year 4.4 % Including GW 0.243 tC/ha/year 4.2 106 ha 1.023 106 t C/year 15.6 % Without GW additionnal stored C % of total* * Total= 5.78 106 t C/year. Cover crops > agroforestry > longer meadows > direct sowing and new organic ressources (Pellerin et al., 2019) .012 Take home message • Additionnal sources of organic residues: composts and digestates  1.6 106 tons of C per year • Much lower than animal manures (12 106 tons of C per year) but necessary to recycle and interesting where animal breeding is lacking • Additionnal storage : 0.3  1.0 106 tons of C/year stored depending if GW are included or not (4 à 15% of total potential additionnal C storage considering different practices) • Associated increase of crop yields but also of N leaching • One of the cheapest practices for farmers to increase C stocks in soils • Global mass balance of GHG has to be considered to calculate climate change mitigation (OK at field scale, impact of process?) • Safe use of these new organic sources must be guaranteed .013