Dealing with Environmental Degradation Caused by Urban Sprawl using Smart Code as a New Approach (Case Study: Qazvin City and its Peri Urban Area
2019, Journal of Geography and Regional Development
Over a period of 26 years, the population of Qazvin has increased by 1.6 times, while its size has become 2.9 times greater. This imbalance between population and urban area growth is called urban sprawl. Sprawl pattern causes many problems, especially in the environmental field. For example, thousand-years-old gardens in the south area of Qazvin is destroying due to urban sprawl pattern. Green belt gardens around Qazvin city purifies south industries pollution and improves air pollutant indexes Thus, finding a solution to dealing with these consequences seems to be necessary. In this study, in order to in front Qazvin sprawl pattern and environmental issues arising from it, based on the smart code instructions, a model is suggested. According to this model, the proposed strategies are listed.
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Journal of Geography and Regional Development Vol 16, No. 2 (2018-2019) – Serial Number 31
Dealing with Environmental Degradation Caused by Urban Sprawl
Uusing Smart Code as a New Approach (Case Study: Qazvin City and
its Peri Urban Area)
Farrokh Moshiri
Assistant Professor in Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran
Asieh Nikbin 1
PhD Candidate in Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran
Received: 26 September 2016
Accepted: 24 October 2017
Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Over a period of 26 years, the population of Qazvin has increased by 1.6 times,
while its size has become 2.9 times greater. This imbalance between population
and urban area growth is called urban sprawl. Sprawl pattern causes many
problems, especially in the environmental field. For example, thousand-years-old
gardens in the south area of Qazvin is destroying due to urban sprawl pattern.
Green belt gardens around Qazvin city purifies south industries pollution and
improves air pollutant indexes Thus, finding a solution to dealing with these
consequences seems to be necessary. In this study, in order to in front Qazvin
sprawl pattern and environmental issues arising from it, based on the smart code
instructions, a model is suggested. According to this model, the proposed
strategies are listed.
2. Review of Literature
Most critics agree that the major problem of general urban growth is urban
sprawl. There is a broad agreement on how to tackle the current patterns and smart
growth option, as anti-sprawl has been accepted. In spite of this convergence and
high advertising, urban growth shift in the United States has slow speed due
to traditional zoning. Smart code is proposed as an alternative for traditional zoning
and solving problems related to urban sprawl. Smart code is a model which
combines the special development code with urban design and land use planning.
This special development code has been proposed by Duany, Plater-Zyberk and Co
(2003) headed by Anders Duany. The smart code principle supports communities
with urban centers, transport, Pedestrian-oriented and mixed residential complex
which encourages natural and environmental protection.
3. Method
According to the proposed model, regional sector codes based on smart code
instructions will be prepared after determining the study area. Since these codes
1. Corresponding author. E-mail: a-nikbin@sbu.ac.ir
7
Journal of Geography and Regional Development Vol 16, No. 2 (2018-2019) – Serial Number 31
are flexible and the definition of each sectors may change with regard to the status
quo . Regional maps can be praperad by using software such as the GIS.
Subsequently, at the local level transect map can be determined according to the
definitions of smart code instruction. Finally, at the smallest level the criteria for
each of the blocks, streets, and buildings can be determined through the transect
map.
4. Results and Discussion
As urban sprawl affects the region which it deals with, it must be planned
beyond the city. Hence, in this study the central city region of Qazvin as
a homogeneous area
was
chosen.
Using
Holdren
model
also
proved that Qazvin has urban sprawl patterns. In this model, the sum of population
Ln (proportion of the end to the beginning of the period) with gross per capita Ln
equals to area Ln:
Ln (402748/248591) +Ln (163.1/88.76) =Ln (6580/2206.7)
0.48+0.61=1.09
0.44+0.56=1
That is to say, 44 % of the growth is related to population growth, while 56 %
of the growth is related to sprawl and horizontal growth, which suggests that
Qazvin has urban sprawl patterns. In the next step, to determine the regional
sectors, this study focuses on Qazvin gardens. Although in the original version of
the smart code, gardens has preserved open code due to the importance of
the gardens and the flexibility of smart code, a reserved open code has been
proposed for this area. Qazvin gardens have an important environmental
performance to deal with industries pollution which is in line with the prevailing
wind direction. In this regard, smart code proposes the transfer of the development
rights to protect such valuable elements. According to the surveys, considering the
ecological power of land for urban and industrial development, there is a capable
area in the south of Qazvin which can be used for the transfer of the development
rights. Choobindar village can be an appropriate choice in this regard. After
determining other sectors, regional map can be finally prepared.
5. Conclusion
After determining regional sectors, regional map can be produced. This plan would
be seen as an upper plan for comprehensive plans. In addition, it cleverly provides
developers a tool for determining lands that must be protected or developed. In
preparing regional map, some strategies has been considered, and the most
important of them are listed below:
- Determining the areas in which development is strictly prohibited in order
to protect the green and open spaces.
- Controlling the physical growth of villages around the city to prevent the
destruction of agricultural land.
- Applying the transfer of development rights in order to protect valuable
elements such as traditional Qazvin gardens.
- Encouraging the creation of high density residential areas in suitable
fabrics.
8
Journal of Geography and Regional Development Vol 16, No. 2 (2018-2019) – Serial Number 31
Keywords: Urban sprawl, Environmental degradation, Smart code, Qazvin
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10. Pazohan, M. (2016). بررسي تطبيقي ديدگاههاي محتوايي طرح جامع شتهر تهتران بتا سياستتها و
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9. Schnabela, A. M., Zhanga, Y., & Serdar, A. (2017). Using parametric modelling
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How to cite this article:
Moshiri, F., Nikbin, A. (2019). Dealing with environmental degradation
caused by urban sprawl using smart code as a new approach (Case study:
Qazvin city and its Peri urban area). Journal of Geography and Regional
Development, 16(2), 27-49.
URL http://jgrd.um.ac.ir/index.php/geography/article/view/ 59108
11
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