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T echnical guidance on the implementation of cooperation with
overseas institutions for T akalar Regency Government staff
Darwis a,1, Aswin Baharuddin a,2,*, Munjin Syafik Asyari a,3, Ishaq Rahman a,4, Bama Andika Putra a,5,
Nurjannah Abdullah a,6
a
Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
darwis1962b@gmail.com; 2 sawingbahar@gmail.com*; 3 munjin.asyari@gmail.com; 4 saya.ishaq@gmail.com; 5 bama.andika@gmail.com;
6
nurjannah.abdullah89@gmail.com
* Corresponding Author
1
Received December 1, 2021; accepted December 6, 2021; published December 26, 2021
AB S T R AC T
Although substantively foreign policy is the authority of the central
government, local governments must also deal with its implementation.
Regional governments must anticipate opportunities to increase cooperation
with parties abroad after the Government of Indonesia agrees on economic
integration through the ASEAN Economic Community and other multilateral
cooperation. In order to maximize these opportunities, the Takalar District
Government must prepare government staff who will substantively and
technically deal with the process. Responding to these problems, Hasanuddin
University together with the Protocol and Communication Section of the
Takalar Regency Government Leaders carried out a community service
program. This activity aims to provide knowledge and technical skills to
respond, analyze and assess cooperation between local governments and
institutions abroad. The method used is technical guidance for the staff of the
Takalar Regency Government. This activity is carried out in 4 stages, namely
elaboration of priority issues with partners, training, mentoring and
evaluation. This activity was attended by 15 staff from 5 work units. These
work units include the Regional Secretariat, the Protocol and
Communications Section of the Leaders, the Investment Office, the Regional
Research and Development Agency, and the Cooperatives, MSMEs and
Trade Office. The materials presented related to Globalization and Regional
Autonomy, Diplomacy Transformation in the Digital Era and Procedures for
Implementing Cooperation with foreign parties by Regional Governments
were understood by 73.3 percent of the participants.
KEYWO RD S
Paradiplomacy
Regional Autonomy
Local Goverment
Takalar
South Sulawesi
This is an open-access article under the CC–BY-SA license
1. Introduction
Achieving national interests is the essence of diplomacy, both in the traditional and modern sense. As
is well known, foreign policy is a series of policy formulations and government actions abroad that are
intended to achieve national interests. diplomacy is a tool or instrument of foreign policy. Essentially,
foreign policy is the policies and practices carried out by the government. T hus, any study of diplomacy,
both in theory and practice, always places the government at its core [1], [2]. T here is a tendency that the
discussion of national interests is a "business" of the central government, and is the domain of the
institution that is formally responsible for foreign relations, namely the ministry of foreign affairs [3], [4].
T his view is now being challenged as concepts and practices related to the dynamics of contemporary
international relations, diplomacy is constantly shifting and adjusting, following developments in the
global environment [5], [6]. Various adaptations were carried out to achieve the objectives of diplomatic
activities, namely the achievement of national interests. T his can be seen from the adoption of various
new forms and models of diplomacy. T his is needed to respond to changes in the mode of interaction
between countries in globalization. Globalization comes with various consequences for global society. T he
10.12928/jpm.v5i3.5250
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Vol. 5. No. 3, December 2021, pp. 189-196
development of information technology supported by an open and interdependent global political
economy regime has made national boundaries increasingly blurred [7] [9]. T he consequence is that
people, goods, services, capital and ideas are increasingly free to move from one territory to another. In
Indonesia, changes in the global political order through globalization are intersected with processes of
democratization and decentralization [10] [14]. T his intersection has indirectly encouraged sub-national
actors such as local governments.
Although substantively foreign policy is the authority of the central government, local governments
must also deal with its implementation. For example, the Indonesian government's policy to actively
participate in global trade through liberalization of the trade, investment and financial sectors requires
local governments to have direct contact with investment, goods, services and capital from abroad, both
from state and non-state actors such as multinational corporations (MNCs) [15] [18]. Based on this
description, regulations related to regional autonomy open up opportunities for local governments to
collaborate with third parties in providing public services. T he third party in question is not only from
within the country but also from abroad [19], [20]. T heoretically, the involvement of local governments
as sub-national actors in foreign cooperation activities can be classified as paradiplomacy. Paradiplomacy
is the decentralization of political power and administrative authority in a process that occurs in subnational actors, political institutions and public policies of a Central Government in the authority to carry
out foreign relations, because Regional Government is a tangible form of Public Policy Implementation
[21], [22]. Paradiplomacy is one source of national strength, in its implementation refers to international
relations carried out by subnational, regional and local institutions in order to achieve its goals. In the era
of globalization, this phenomenon is very strong along with the opening of access and the increasing role
and influence of non-state actors in the arena of International Relations, regions have the opportunity to
benefit from investment, trade and various potential collaborations from abroad [23] [25]. Efforts to
encourage the active involvement of local governments in supporting Indonesia's foreign policy can be
seen through various government policies, especially post-reform. T he policy in question is related to the
decentralization process which can be traced since the issuance of the Law on Regional Autonomy Number
22 of 1999 which was then followed by Law Number 32 of 2004 and refined through Law no. 23 of
2014. T his policy provides ample space for local governments to advance the region by building
international networks. Based on the above law, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs then issued a General
Guideline for Procedures for Foreign Relations and Cooperation by Regional Governments in 2006 [26].
More specific and up-to-date policies have also been issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and have
been widely disseminated to local governments. T he policy in question is Minister of Internal Affairs
Regulation Number 25 of 2020 concerning Procedures for Regional Cooperation with Regional
Governments Abroad and Regional Cooperation with Overseas Institutions [27]. T his regulation is the
current basis for local governments to cooperate with parties abroad.
T he potential of the region is so large that it becomes an opportunity to encourage the development
of T akalar Regency as well as to attract investors both from within and outside the country. T his is needed
to support the T akalar Integrated Industrial Park (TIIP) project. T his project is part of the 2020-2024
National Medium-T erm Development Plan (RPJMN) and the National Strategic Project in accordance
with Presidential Regulation 109 of 2020. In 2020, a total of 16 Chinese companies under the CMRA
banner have declared their readiness to join the new industrial area, T akalar. Integrated Industrial Park
(T IIP). T his area will absorb an investment of more than IDR 42 trillion [28], [29]. From the results of
discussions with the Protocol Section of T akalar Regency, one aspect that needs special attention is the
matter of human resources who will be involved and technically handle the implementation of diplomacy
at the local government level. T his program will be implemented in T akalar Regency which is one of the
buffer areas of Makassar City. Opportunities to increase international cooperation and foreign investment
to the region are of course increasingly wide open after the Government of the Republic of Indonesia
agreed to open the faucet for cooperation through the ASEAN Economic Community and other
multilateral cooperation [30]. T he challenge faced by the T akalar Regency Government related to the
above problems is the readiness of the T akalr Regency government staff who will deal with the process
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both substantively and technically. Responding to these problems, the Hasanuddin University
Community Service T eam together with the Protocol and Communication Section of the T akalar
Regency Government Leaders will hold technical guidance on cooperation between local governments
and institutions abroad. T hrough this Community Partnership Program, participants are expected to gain
technical knowledge and skills to respond, analyze and provide an assessment of the cooperation of local
governments with parties abroad.
2. Method
T his activity will be carried out in 4 stages, namely elaboration of priority issues with partners, training,
mentoring and evaluation. In the first stage, the preparation and elaboration of problems with partners is
carried out. At this stage, identification of the partner's specific needs and method preferences is carried
out according to the partner. Information related to problem identification was obtained from the Regent
and Head of Protocol and Communications for the T akalar Regency Government. In addition,
questionnaires were distributed to the technical implementers of the T akalar Regency protocol. In the
second stage, training and technical guidance are carried out. At this stage, lectures, interactive discussions
and simulations are carried out both online and offline. T he material provided includes Diplomacy
T ransformation in the Digital Era, Globalization and Regional Autonomy, Guidelines for Implementing
Cooperation with Parties Abroad by Regional Governments and Protocol T echniques. In the third stage,
mentoring activities are carried out. T his activity is carried out by visiting the work unit of the training
participants. At the evaluation stage, participants fill out a form related to their perception and
understanding of the material. In addition, we also asked for an assessment of the direct supervisor of the
participants who took part in this training. T he stages of implementing the activities can be seen in Figure
1.
Stage 1 (Preparation)
Activities: Discussion with partners and distribution of questionnaires
Objective: Identification of partner problems, preferred method of partner and
partner baseline
Stage 2 (Training)
Activities: Lectures, interactive discussions and simulations (online and offline)
Objectives: Participants have knowledge and skills related to Globalization and
Regional Autonomy, Guidelines for Implementing Cooperation between Regional
Governments and Institutions abroad and Protocol Techniques
Stage 3 (Mentoring)
Activities: Assisting participants in their respective work units
Objective: Participants can implement the results of the training in their
respective work units
Stage 4 (Evaluation)
Activities: Distribution of evaluation forms and listening to the assessment of the
direct supervisor of the participants
Objective: To know the progress of the participants after the activity
Fig. 1. Stages of implementing activities
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2.1. Results and Discussion
T he relevant local government officials who will be involved in this activity include 15 staff from 5
work units. T hese work units include the Regional Secretariat, the Protocol and Communications Section
of the Leaders, the Investment Office, the Regional Research and Development Agency, and the
Cooperatives, MSMEs and T rade Office. T his activity will take place in June-September 2021. T he results
that have been achieved in the Community Service Program are as follows. First, the implementation of
activities is preceded by coordination regarding the implementation of activities with partners. T his
activity took place on June 2, 2021. T his coordination activity was carried out with an audience with the
T akalar Regent and technical discussions on the implementation of activities with the Head of the
Protocol and Communications Section for the T akalar Regency Regional Secretariat, Figure 2. In the
implementation of this activity, an agreement was reached regarding the participants, time, place and
contribution of each party in the implementation of the activity.
Fig. 2. Discussion with the Regent of Takalar
In addition, identification of partners' prior knowledge related to the theme was also carried out. As
many as 75 percent of participants did not know about government regulations related to the
implementation of cooperation with foreign parties by local governments. However, all participants
thought that having knowledge and skills related to the implementation of international cooperation for
local government officials was important. After that, an explanation regarding the design of the activity
was carried out through a video that had been prepared by the team, Figure 3.
Fig. 3. Explanation regarding the design of the activity (Online)
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T he second stage of the implementation of the activity will be held on September 6, 2021 at the
T akalar Regency Regent's Office. In this activity, material related to Globalization and Regional
Autonomy was carried out. In this material, participants get an overview related to how globalization has
changed the management of state administration, including in the aspect of relations between the center
and the regions. Participants were given an explanation regarding the implications that must be faced by
both Central and Regional Governments in facing globalization, Figure 4, lectures and interactive
discussion on globalization and regional autonomy. T his material also explains historically the
implementation of regional autonomy in post-reform Indonesia, which has decentralized the authority of
the central government. T he indicator of the achievement of this material is that participants can
understand the basic concepts of globalization and regional autonomy and their impact on local
governments.
Fig. 4. Lectures and Interactive Discussion on Globalization and Regional Autonomy
T he second material given is Diplomacy T ransformation in the Digital Age. T his material is an
introduction to introduce the basic concepts of diplomacy and its changes in the digital era. In this
material, participants gain an overview of diplomacy as an effort by the government to achieve its national
interests. Participants gain knowledge regarding new actors and methods that emerge and affect the
achievement of Indonesia's national interests in the digital era. T he indicator of the achievement of this
material is that participants can understand the impact of diplomatic transformation in the digital era for
their role as local government staff, Figure 5.
Fig. 5. Interactive Discussion and Simulation on Procedures for Implementing Local Government Cooperation with
Institutions Abroad
After that, it was continued with technical explanations and simulations related to the Procedures for
Implementing Regional Government Cooperation with Overseas Institutions for T akalar Regency
Government Apparatus by Ishaq Rahman, S.IP., M.Sc. In this activity, participants received material
related to government regulations related to the implementation of cooperation with parties abroad by
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local governments. In addition, participants also received an explanation regarding the stages that must be
taken by local governments in carrying out cooperation with parties abroad. T hese stages are based on the
Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs (Permendagri) Number 25 of 2020. After knowing the
regulations and general stages. Participants then simulated the preparation of the Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) for the implementation of cooperation with foreign parties by the regional government.
T he achievement indicator of this activity is that participants can understand the regulations and stages in
the preparation of cooperation with parties abroad by local governments. Figure 6 closing ceremony
activity.
Fig. 6. Closing ceremony
After the series of materials and simulations are completed, participants fill out the evaluation form
that has been prepared. T his form contains participants' perceptions regarding the method of service
carried out, evaluation of participants' basic knowledge regarding the material presented and participant
suggestions regarding the implementation of this activity. From the form, participants showed progress in
terms of knowledge of cooperation with parties abroad by local governments. 11 out of 15 participants
(73.3%) could provide a good explanation regarding the linkages between local government, diplomacy
and international cooperation. In addition, all participants were aware of the regulations related to the
implementation of cooperation with parties abroad by local governments. In terms of perceptions related
to the method of implementing the activity, 8 out of 15 participants (53.3%) hoped that the duration of
this activity could be increased so that participants could have more time to discuss their roles based on
work units in the implementation of cooperation with foreign parties by local governments.
4. Conclusion
T he implementation of the activity has answered the basic problems expressed by partners regarding
the need for capacity building, both knowledge and skills in implementing cooperation with parties abroad
by local governments. In general, the materials presented related to Globalization and Regional
Autonomy, Diplomacy T ransformation in the Digital Era and Procedures for Implementing Cooperation
with overseas parties by Regional Governments have been accepted by 73.3 percent of the participants.
Acknowledgment
T hank you to LP2M Hasanuddin University for funding this community service activity. We also
thank the T akalar Regency Government for being a partner in this activity.
Declarations
Author contribution. All authors contributed equally to the main contributor to this paper. All authors
read and approved the final paper.
Conflict of interest. T he authors declare no conflict of interest.
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