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2024, Kontrak Perkuliahan31Oktober
Kontrak Perkuliahan31Oktober
Game Studies, 2019
Is there a right or wrong way to play a game? Many think not. Some have argued that, when we insist that players obey the rules of a game, we give too much weight to the author's intent. Others have argued that such obedience to the rules violates the true purpose of games, which is fostering free and creative play. Both of these responses, I argue, misunderstand the nature of games and their rules. The rules do not tell us how to interpret a game; they merely tell us what the game is. And the point of the rules is not always to foster free and creative play. The point can be, instead, to communicate a sculpted form of activity. And in games, as with any form of communication , we need some shared norms to ground communicative stability. Games have what has been called a "prescriptive ontology." A game is something more than simply a piece of material. It is some material as approached in a certain specified way. These prescriptions help to fix a common object of attention. Games share this prescriptive ontology with more traditional kinds of works. Novels are more than just a set of words on a page; they are those words read in a certain order. Games are more than just some software or cardboard bits; they are those bits interacted with according to certain rules. Part of a game's essential nature is the prescriptions for how we are to play it. What's more, we investigate the prescriptive ontology of games, we will uncover at least distinct prescriptive categories of games. Party games prescribe that we encounter the game once; heavy strategy games prescribe we encounter the game many times; and community evolution games prescribe that we encounter the game while embedded in an ongoing community of play.
El léxico y la fraseología en el aprendizaje de español como segunda lengua, 2024
El rol del léxico y la fraseología en el aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua ha dejado de ser un debate filológico para convertirse en una realidad cotidiana. Sin embargo, tanto desde el punto de vista teoríco como desde la práctica misma de la enseñanza, docentes y alumnos aun no concuerdan de qué modo debe incluirse y, menos, en qué proporción debe utilizarse una herramienta tan necesaria en el aprendizaje de una lengua para el estudiante extranjero. Asimismo, en este trabajo intentamos echar luz sobre cuestiones metodológicas, con el fin de acercarles a los profesionales de la enseñanza de idiomas pautas lingüísticas sistematizadas y eficientes.
2024
Support Open Access: Please download this book for free at https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni4/libri/978-88-6969-782-1/ How does syntax interact with context to convey subtle meanings beyond expectations? A branch of the Arabic-Islamic study of rhetoric (balāġat) known as ‘the science of meanings’ (ʿilm-i maʿānī) discusses this point. This discipline studies the appropriateness of an utterance and its parts to the speaker’s intent and the context in which the utterance is used. Although some of its findings are similar to those of pragmatics and semantics, its domain does not fully overlap with any Western categories. This book examines the Persian science of meanings as expressed in a selection of textbooks published in Iran over the last hundred years. It consists of 11 chapters and a bibliography. Chapter 1 provides a historical background, a review of sources and secondary literature, and the aims and scope of the study. Chapter 2 introduces and clarifies the meanings of certain notable terms commonly used in Persian textbooks. The general organisation of the discipline, which is traditionally divided into eight parts, is also discussed. Chapters 3 to 10 each address one of these eight domains. Chapter 11 draws some conclusions, includes a tentative evaluation of the merits and limits of maʿānī in analysing classical Persian poetry, and discusses the relation of the Persian discipline with the Arabic model. It offers insights into how the Arabic model was adapted to Persian and eventually transformed into a literary theory of how Persian poets made the best use of syntactical possibilities. With its comprehensive account of the contents of the Persian science of meanings, a clarification of this field’s jargon, and comments on dozens of examples taken mainly from classical Persian poetry, this monograph will interest graduate students and researchers working on Persian poetry, Arabic-Islamic rhetoric, and literary theory.
The Ibn Haldun University (IHU) Summer Language School Program offers intensive instruction in Modern Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and Chinese for students and professionals. https://summer.ihu.edu.tr/en
Dissertação de Mestrado, 2024
Defendo que a linguagem, em Thomas Hobbes, por ser o fundamento de sua filosofia, pode ser entendida, em última instância, como um pacto de entendimento e de vontades. Sendo assim, não apenas os nomes e a verdade decorrem da convenção linguística, mas todos os tipos de regras e princípios são fruto de um contrato linguístico que atende às necessidades, às convenções e às vontades dos humanos. Com o objetivo de provar esta hipótese, foi necessário provar, primeiro, como a linguagem ocupa o lugar de fundamento na filosofia de Hobbes. Sendo assim, partiu-se de uma investigação dos primeiros escritos do filósofo, passando pelos ecos que a tradição e os seiscentos podem ter proporcionado para seus argumentos maduros, bem como pela forma como o filósofo pode ter incorporado a geometria em seu método. Desse percurso (e, no geral, ao longo dele), foi possível apresentar não apenas como a linguagem recebe uma crescente atenção e aprofundamento da parte do filósofo de Malmesbury, como a sua filosofia da linguagem se estabelece, mas, também, extrair que a própria linguagem é um pacto — do que se abre uma nova entrada para investigar os argumentos a respeito da natureza propostos por Hobbes.
Проблема майбутнього розглядається в припущенні існування генеральної лінії розвитку людства в напрямку його подальшої гуманізації. Проблема будущего рассматривается в предположении существования генеральной линии развития человечества в направлении его дальнейшей гуманизации. The problem of the future is considered in the assumption of the existence of a general line of human development in the direction of its further humanization
RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
European journal of teaching and education, 2024
Quantum Information and Measurement VI 2021