Oil Gold Sizes and Gum Anime as Described in English technical Books Published from the 17th to 20th Centuries

Minerals Engineering, 2004

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Gold Bulletin, 1988

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Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2022

An adhesive is any substance that bonds different materials together. This broad definition includes materials used in everything from hafted stone tools to monumental architecture. In addition, the combination of bonding, plasticity, and insolubility meant that some adhesives were exploited for waterproofing and sealing of materials, as self-adhering inlays and putties, and as paints, varnishes, and inks. Adhesives have a history of at least 200,000 years. Throughout (pre)history and around the world, people used materials, including bitumen/asphalt, carbohydrate polymers such as starches and gums, natural rubbers, mortars, proteins (from casein, soy, blood, and animal connective tissue), insect and plant resins, and tars made from various barks and woods. Adhesives thus are very diverse and have widely varying properties: they can be tacky, pliable, elastic, brittle, water-resistant, fluid, viscous, clear, dark, and much more. They are a plastic avant la lettre. These properties c...

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Journal of Molecular Liquids

In this study, colloidal gold nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes less than 20 nm were added to the dentin adhesive in various concentrations to achieve favorable antibacterial properties. The effect of gold NPs on mechanical, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity features of adhesive was evaluated systematically. It was shown that the addition of gold NPs at the concentration of 5X (i) increased flexural strength of dentin tooth adhesive by 75%, (ii) increased the micro-shear bond strength by 60%, and (iii) increased the tensile diameter strength of adhesive by 65% compared to the based adhesive. Multiscale modeling was used to simulate and calculate stress and strain distribution around the nanoparticles and within the adhesive matrix. Antibacterial properties of adhesives containing gold NPs were examined using disk diffusion and the pour plate methods. The results showed that adhesive with the 5X concentration of gold NPs had a bacterial growth inhibition zone with a diameter of 2 mm is in the disk diffusion method which indicates the antibacterial characteristics of adhesive at this concentration. Also, the antibacterial effect of adhesive-containing NPs was observed in the pour plate method and the reduction of bacterial growth is increased by the addition of nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of NPs is examined in pure form and combination with dental adhesive using the MTT assay. The results showed that pure gold NPs have shown no toxicity for the growth of cells and the incorporation of gold NPs has increased the cell viability in the base adhesive.

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Archaeometry, 2017

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The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1996

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International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2004

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Dental Materials Journal, 2007

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Gold Bulletin, 2005

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Science, 1991

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