Internationalisation in Higher Education: The intentions were good, but where do we take it from here?
Design, London: Understanding Modern
Government.
Studies in Philosophy and Education, 21 (4-5),
pp. 289-303.
Moore, P. and Hampton, G. (2014) ‘”It’s a
bit of a generalisation, but …”: participant
perspectives on intercultural group
assessment in higher education’, Assessment
and Evaluation in Higher Education, 40 (3),
pp. 390-406.
OECD (1999) Quality and Internationalisation
in Higher Education, OECD Publishing.
‘International student mobility: patterns
and trends’, London: The Observatory on
Borderless Higher Education (available at:
http://tinyurl.com/qgt8j8f).
Robson, S. (2011) ‘Internationalization: a
transformative agenda for higher education?’,
Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice,
17 (6), pp. 619-630.
Wall, J. (2007) ‘Advice for engineering
students’, Purdue Engineering (available
at: https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=00XzHGn6ezI).
Nussbaum, M. (1997) Cultivating Humanity,
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nussbaum, M. (2002) ‘Education for
citizenship in an era of global connection’,
Roux, J. L. (2001) ‘Social dynamics of
the multicultural classroom’, Intercultural
Education, 12 (3), pp. 273-288.
Verbik, L. and Lasanowski, V. (2007)
Pollyanna Magne is Associate
Professor and Programme Director of
the PGCAP at Plymouth University.
Academic development – A developers’
society
Chrissi Nerantzi and Peter Gossman, Manchester Metropolitan University
There is no need for academic developers as a profession
in 2525. Everybody is a self-regulated learner (Zimmerman,
1990) and when they transition seamlessly into higher
education, opportunities for learning are readily available
and accessible to all. Each individual has been taught and has
learnt how to learn. Learning happens everywhere and all the
time. It is uninterrupted and fully integrated into life.
In fact, everybody is a developer! The world has become
a developers’ society. Higher education is no longer in
existence as we know it. It appears fully integrated into
society. It is part of it. It shapes it and is shaped by it.
Students and academics are all learners and developers
at the same time. They feel and are empowered to learn,
develop and innovate for the personal and collective good.
Learning and development is truly lifelong and lifewide and
wraps around life (Dewey, 1938).
Douglas’ and Seely Brown’s words echo around:
‘The almost unlimited resources provided by the
information network serve as a set of nutrients,
constantly selected and incorporated into the
bounded environment, which provides the impetus for
experimentation, play and learning. Accordingly, the
culture that emerges, the new culture of learning, is a
culture of collective inquiry that harnesses the resources
of the network and transforms them into nutrients within
the environment, turning it into a space of play and
experimentation.’ (Douglas and Seely Brown, 2014, p. 12)
www.seda.ac.uk
So learning is organic, playful and embedded, not an
add-on (Illich, 1971). People can and are supported by
facilitators to pursue their learning, when they need to,
but also by peers and the wider dynamic communities
and networks. At times they are facilitators themselves and
help others. All people are developers. People are free
to learn at their own pace and in their own time in their
very own way. They can gain recognition based on their
engagement and learning, which can have been on their
own, with others, formally, informally or non-formally.
Personal development routes are constructed and
tailored to specific situations and aspirations. Prepackaged education no longer exists (Illich, 1971). There
is a plethora of ways to create multiple personalised
development pathways and people maximise on these:
• Choice over force
• Playfulness and co-operation over competitiveness
• Empowerment, activity and engagement over passivity!
The developers’ society is active and proactive and the
above characteristics drive it forward.
Resources and tasks can be undertaken and connections
made, they just need to be selected and synthesised to
achieve specific goals. Learning and development menus
are constructed, shared, connected and interwoven into
the fabric of living. In the developers’ society, everybody
creates, owns, develops and curates a portable lifelong
record of their learning and development journey and
adventures, progress and achievements. It is constructed
progressively and it grows, it travels through life with the
individual. It illustrates who they are and who they are
becoming. It is shared and is a useful medium to engage
with others in a plethora of ways, including learning
conversations, constructing narratives, stories and artefacts
for themselves and others, through which they learn and
develop their understanding about themselves and the
21
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 16.4 DECEMBER 2015
world they live in, on their own and in collaboration with
others, in the complex digital and non-digital world that is
seamlessly connected. It captures a moment in time and
their journeys through time, process and product. People
are no longer concerned with credentialing learning and
development and this is liberating! It sets them free! They
feel empowered and hungry to learn and help others to do
so too.
Learning and development has become ‘cool’ or ‘wicked’
(or however ‘down with it’ is characterised in 2525) but
most importantly it has been normalised. People recognise
the value of learning and are expert, emotionally intelligent,
self-regulated learners. They are masters of their own learning
(Zimmerman, 1990). They are pro-active, resourceful and
resilient when meeting obstacles and they seek help when
needed. They follow their own internal voice with criticality
and determination to shape their life. They are self-authors
of their own lives. They have ‘the capacity to internally
define a coherent belief system and identity that coordinates
engagement in mutual relations with the larger world’ (Baxter
Magolda and King, 2004, p. xxii). In the developers’ society
everybody is in charge of their own learning (Deleuze and
Guatarri, 1987).
People learn to live and live to learn. They make good use
of the myriad of learning resources available, to immerse
themselves in learning and development activities that are
of value for them. Learners put their own learning menu
together and create social learning opportunities for others
for the common good. There is individual decision-making
with a collective balance.
Resources are shared, as is expertise, and people have come
to realise that working and developing together is good, both
for each individual and for the wider community and society.
Everybody is creative and resourceful, sharing freely and
openly, respecting the ideas of others and building on them
to make new discoveries, their own meaning and to advance
knowledge.
Some of this was already happening as long ago as 2015.
Individual voices had been heard around the globe. All
people on earth are confident and competent and have
access to, and practise, learning. In fact, they are immersed
in learning. All know how to learn and how to facilitate
others to learn. Facilitating is a reciprocal process. Teachers
and learners learn alongside each other and with each other
to co-construct meaning based on learning partnerships
(Baxter Magolda, 2014). They do this because they
recognise the importance that this has for their own learning,
development and society.
Distributed, connected and dynamic networks of learners
drive learning, knowledge creation and innovation in every
aspect of human life. The structure is horizontal. Looking
at it from within, one might not see any structure. It is
messy and dynamic and it might look a bit rhyzomatic in
nature (Cormier, 2008). Everybody has a voice and is heard,
everybody creates, everybody contributes and collaborates.
People manage their own lives, learning and development.
22
People come together for a while depending on what
unites them at that time and go their own paths when their
direction has changed. They wonder and wander. The
unifying factor is a common interest, a passion for learning
and development as well as joy, to create, enrich and
transform life and lives.
The atmosphere all around is positive and motivational. The
developers’ society has become a reality.
Seeing the world as rose coloured? This future had been
recognised but not realised before 2015 because of an
imbalance between the individual and the collective. The
breakthrough occurred when people recognised that their
achievements did not have to be recognised or archived at the
expense of others.
References
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (2014) ‘The journey to self-authorship and a
more meaningful life’, Lifewide Magazine, 9 March 2014, pp. 8-11
(available at: http://www.lifewidemagazine.co.uk/).
Baxter Magolda, M. B. and King, P. M. (2004) Learning partnerships:
Theory and models of practice to educate for self-authorship, Sterling,
VA: Stylus.
Cormier, D. (2008) ‘Rhizomatic education: community as curriculum’,
Innovate. Journal of Online Education, vol. 4, no. 5, June-July 2008
(available at: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ840362).
Deleuze, G. and Guatarri, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism
and schizophrenia, London: University of Minnesota Press.
Dewey, J. (1938/1997). Experience and Education, Macmillan.
Douglas, T. and Seely Brown, J. (2014) ‘A new culture of learning’,
Lifewide Magazine, issue 11, September 2014, pp. 10-12 (available at:
http://tinyurl.com/psnesy2).
Illich, I. (1971) Deschooling Society, New York: Harper and Row.
Zimmerman, B. J. (1990) ‘Self-regulated learning and academic
achievement: an overview’, Educational Psychologist, 25(1) (available at
http://tinyurl.com/pe9hgyc).
Chrissi Nerantzi (c.nerantzi@mmu.ac.uk) and Peter
Gossman (p.gossman@mmu.ac.uk) are Principal Lecturers in
Academic CPD at Manchester Metropolitan University.
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