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""Pacific Lithium Limited is a recently-established company that has recruited some of the best of the world’s technologists to commercialize leading-edge lithium battery technologies for the mobile electronics and electric vehicle industries. How do an entrepreneur and an inventor with a bright idea to extract lithium from seawater tackle the two giant lithium mineral processing companies to take the US $10 billion per year lithium battery industry? The world market for high performance batteries has been estimated as growing at a rate of 25% per year and is likely to reach a world demand of US $10 billion by the year 2002. With the growth in demand for portable powered equipment, and the imminent introduction of electric cars in the early decades of the next century, lithium-based products appear to have a promising future as an energy storage medium. New Zealand-based Pacific Lithium Limited – PLL - is emerging as a world class competitive player in this ‘energetic’ market. PLL was established in 1994 to develop a world-competitive business based on the extraction of lithium from seawater, using a new adsorption technology developed by chemical engineer John Bloom. By late 1999, through the fundraising efforts of entrepreneur Robin Johannink, the company had raised $US 25 million from 600 shareholders, including a substantial stake from Vertex Asia (a technology subsidiary of the Singapore government) and a further stake from a key customer: Japanese trading company Nissho Iwai. The case continues with a description of some of the properties of lithium and its products. Next, we present the historical sequence of events covering the establishment of Pacific Lithium, and the industry and market conditions prevailing at several points in the journey. Case resource library for the story of Pacific Lithium: The case can be used for teaching purposes in several ways. Students can be asked to update the case to the current day. Alternatively, the full case can be presented to students as a sequence of parts, A, B and C, presented in the Case Resource Library. Mellalieu, P. J. (n.d.). Pacific Lithium Ltd - Case resource library. Retrieved July 1, 2009, from https://www.academia.edu/1513410/Pacific_Lithium_Ltd_-_Case_resource_library Citation: Mellalieu, P. J., Sun, J. G., & Willis, A. (2000). Pacific Lithium: Stored Energy for the Mobile Society - Case study. New Zealand Strategic Management, 4 (Winter)(3), 51–64. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1512250/Pacific_Lithium_Stored_Energy_for_the_Mobile_Society_-_Case_study
How does a young, “peripheral” country develop the cultural infrastructure - the myths and stories - it needs to inspire creation of the heroic forces for creating successful enterprises in a hypercompetitive, globalising world? The article presents the ‘first act’ of the true story of the establishment and early challenges faced by an ambitious new venture, New Zealand-based Pacific Lithium Limited (PLL), and its founding entrepreneur, Robin Johannink. Somewhat untypical for a formal business case report, the structure of the story presented here is strongly informed by Vogler’s (1998) “mythic structure of the heroic journey” and inspired by de Jong’s (1999) application of the mythic structure to what he notes as the heroic task of establishing a new business enterprise. The second part of the article presents observations drawn from the Pacific Lithium story, and outlines our approaches for extending the learning one can make from contemporary heroic tales of enterprise such as the one presented here. The author concludes that de Jong appears quite correct when he suggests that “as a scalable, replicable piece of social code, [the mythic structure of the heroic journey] could be as profound as the biological code Watson and Crick found in DNA” (de Jong, p. 159) Related: Mellalieu, P. (n.d.). Pacific Lithium Ltd - Case resource library. Retrieved January 24, 2014, from https://www.academia.edu/1513410/Pacific_Lithium_Ltd_-_Case_resource_library Citation: Mellalieu, P. J. (2001). New Myths for a Very New World: The Mythic Journey as a Basis for Learning About Entrepreneurial Start-Ups. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Thinking. Auckland, NZ. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/1465816/New_Myths_for_a_Very_New_World_The_Mythic_Journey_as_a_Basis_for_Learning_About_Entrepreneurial_Start-Ups
2008 •
This report analyses the main deposits of lithium in the world in 2008 with a view to potential future supply to the electric car industry for LiIon batteries. The report shows that realistic future lithium production can only support a small fraction of the volume of existing car (Light Duty Vehicle) production. The current (2019) rush to apply LiIon technology to even larger battery demands such as HGVs, stationary power, aircraft, rail and shipping is not realistic.
1998 •
"Examines the strengths and limitations of the case method as a teaching tool for developing the professional competence of personnel engaged in strategic management and enterprise development projects. Reports on progress towards introducing a new pedagogical genre for educators, trainers and consultants informed by the notion of a ‘master class for entrepreneurs’. The approach, Enterprise MasterWorks (EMW), extends on the traditional case study method of teaching by offering multi-media material that is timely, lively, relevant to the context of small enterprise and new venture development, and augmented with written material comparable to the traditional case format. Illustrates the EMW approach in detail for one prototype package based on the foundation and growth of the New Zealand ‘born global’ company Pacific Lithium Limited, and its founding entrepreneur, Robin Johannink. Outlines results from trials of the pedagogical ‘package’ in several situations and presents future development intentions. for the production and dissemination of the EMW courseware packages. Argues that the EMW approach provides a cost-effective approach for surfacing the tacit knowledge of a high-performing (‘masterful’) enterprise developer, and passing on that knowledge to selected learning partners." Citation: "Mellalieu, P. J. (1998). Beyond the Case Method: A Master Class for Enterprise Development. Proceedings of the Annual Educators Conference of the New Zealand Strategic Management Society, 6th Annual Conference. The University of Auckland N.Z.: New Zealand Strategic Management Society. Case resource library: For a Case Resource library providing Part A, Part B, Part C of the Pacific Lithium case, and other resources, see: Mellalieu, P. (n.d.). Pacific Lithium Ltd - Case resource library. https://www.academia.edu/1513410/Pacific_Lithium_Ltd_-_Case_resource_library See also related: Mellalieu, P. J. (1998). Weaving the threads of innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial learning through a university-located reality-TV and master class: Enterprise MasterWorks (EMW)™. International Conference on Higher Education and Small/Medium Enterprise (SMEs), Rennes, France: Centre Études et Recherche EURO PME, Rennes International School of Business. http://unitec.academia.edu/PeterMellalieu/Papers/1518817/ Mellalieu, P. J., & Holland, R. (1998, February). Weaving the threads of innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship [Video]. Innovation & chaos ... in search of optimality. Retrieved December 30, 2013, from http://pogus.tumblr.com/post/71680403728/
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Tracing the fate of lithium––The development of a material flow model2012 •
A central cause of global environmental change is the emission of CO2 emitted by the energy matrix, predominantly based on fossil fuels. As a result, we must face an "energy transition" supported by renewable and sustainable sources. Lithium batteries would contribute to this completely renewable energy system, as they could serve to traction transport, act as a sustainable energy reserve (which is mostly electric), and enable the mobility of multiple devices. In South America we find 80 percent of the most profitable lithium reserves in the world, in the "Lithium Triangle" formed by the Andean salt flats in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, which generates the enthusiasm to participate in the emerging energy carrier. In this context, we will explore the world market of lithium and batteries, the overall situation of its exploitation, and the attempts to create a link between the Southern Cone countries with lithium reserves and their various attempts to manufacture lithium-ion batteries. Keywords: Lithium-ion batteries, South America, Mining,
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2000 •
Journal of Cleaner Production
Environmental impacts of a transition toward e-mobility: the present and future role of lithium carbonate production2012 •
World Development
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2010 •
2010 •
Hydrometallurgy
Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A comprehensive review2014 •
Environmental Science & Technology
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Environmental Science & Technology
Correction to Evaluating Rare Earth Element Availability: A Case with Revolutionary Demand from Clean Technologies2012 •
Journal of Cleaner Production
Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles – Critical issues2010 •
2016 •
A paper published in the proceedings of, and …
Weaving the threads of innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial learning through a university-located reality-TV and master class: Enterprise …1998 •