Voids

In solar system, asteroid belt is the ring shaped disc located between Mars and Jupiter consisting of irregular small bodies called asteroids. Almost half of the mass of the belt lies in four asteroids which are Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygiea. Along with asteroid bodies, bands of dust with particle radii of about few hundred micrometers are also a part of asteroid belt. Total mass of asteroid belt is only 4% of the mass of Earth’s moon. The author has studied the causes of asteroid belt in the solar system and has found out that how the gravitational interaction between the two planets is involved in the formation of asteroid belt and how the gravitationally bound system becomes stable enough to avoid any disturbance in the distances of its astronomical bodies.

You are called upon to perform a play. You will be performing the role of the audience, playwright, director, and actor. The text will be performing all of those roles as well. It is left in your hands to determine who is the understudy and who is the star. This play will be a one-time engagement, as it cannot be repeated, as such, again. The next time it is performed, it will have changed. Yet it is not, you shall find, a limited engagement, as the work of Void Creation provides an unlimited amount of space for the work to do its work: to Play

Master Thesis , 2010
Name and Surname : Tülay ŞAMLIOĞLU
Advisor : Prof.Dr.Nilgun KULOGLU
Area : Architecture
Key Words: Form, Space, Void, Architectural Form and Void

SUMMARY

Discovering the Void Concept in Architectural Form

The major aim of the thesis is to research the resultant effects on the architectural form. In the study, classified according to form, a system that created void in the scope of the thesis, the similarities, differences have been revealed. Examined the effects of "void" concept, in terms of form and space, as well as designers interpret the concept over time, it
also discusses the change in time. The effects of void on the form, at the same time these effects examined on the tables of the various samples, according to contribution on the interior space, external space and urban space . Firstly, the concept of space and void analysis according to diffirent perspectives. In these study, the best example of the reflected void concept were examined and analyzed. 100 sample were elected in 500 examined sample and these sample were analysed according to determined concepts. As a result of the obtained information the effects of void on the form were classified and visualized as the table. This void classification formed at the conceptual level and functional level.
In the first chapter are defined scope of the study and theoretical information as form-space-void concept. Then in the second and third chapter are formed studies and analysis. In the fourth chapter, findings and examine from findings obtained. In the fifth chapter is results and recommendations. Finally in the sixth chapter are formed references.

"ABSTRACT:
    This study assumes the subject's pursuit of meaning is generally incapacitating and should be suspended. It aims to demonstrate how such a suspension is theoretically accomplished by utilizing Lacan's formulae of sexuation integrated with his work in discourse theory and topology.
    Part I places this study into context by examining scholarship from the established fields of hermeneutics, phenomenology, (post)structuralism, aesthetic theory and psychoanalysis in order to extract out their respective theory of meaning. These theories reveal that an historical struggle with meaning has been underway since the Reformation and reaches near crisis proportions in the 20th century. On the one hand this crisis is mollified by the rise of Heideggerian-Gadamerian hermeneutical phenomenology which questions traditional epistemological approaches to the text using a new ontological conceptualization of meaning and a conscious rejection of methodology. On the other hand this crisis is exacerbated when the ubiquitous nature of meaning is itself challenged by (post)structuralism's discovery of the signifier which inscribes a limit to meaning, and by the domains of sense and nonsense newly opened up by aesthetic theory. These historical developments culminate in the field of psychoanalysis which most consequentially delimits a cause of meaning said to be closely linked to the core of subjectivity.
    Part II extends these findings by rigorously constructing out of the Lacanian sexuated formulae a decidedly non-hermeneutical phenomenological approach useful in demonstrating the sexual nature of meaning. Explicated in their static state by way of an account of their original derivation from the Aristotelian logical square, it is argued that these four formulae are relevant to basic concerns of textual theory inclusive of the hermeneutical circle of meaning. These formulae are then set into motion by integrating them with Lacan's four discourses to demonstrate the breakdown of meaning. Finally, the cuts and sutures of two-dimensional space that is topology as set down in L'étourdit are performed to confirm how the very field of meaning is ultimately suspended from a nonsensical singular point known in Lacanian psychoanalysis as objet a. The contention is that by occupying this point the subject frees himself from the debilitating grip of meaning."

Masses and voids are the fundamental physical properties that form both the architectural and urban spaces. This study discusses the contributions made by the void in the architectural form to urban voids. Void is a concept which finds itself a place among the definitions of space. Where there is no void, there is no space as the space generates the void. However, other than making up a space as its main
function, void can also exist within a space for symbolic, semantic, etc. reasons. The first title of section definitions and concepts of the study describes the relationship between the space and void. Areas remaining after architectural spaces in an urban space however are defined as void lots. The second title of section definitions and concepts of the study focuses on the definitions of an urban void while the relationship between an
urban space and void is discussed. The discussions section questions the mutual impact between the void in architectural and urban spaces. The interaction between the voids in
architectural and urban spaces is discussed and described with
examples from the history and today. While the importance of the voids created in an architectural space in the shaping of urban voids is given emphasis, it is also asserted that rather than creating a space, the void might be capable of defining, directing and strengthening the relation between areas. It is also stated that this coexistence should be considered in architectural and urban spaces intended for design. The
historical examples have been selected among the squares as the most important urban void lots while those of today have been selected among those existing with their impact in an architectural space and contributing to the urban area.
In consequence, it could be said that the squares existing in the history as urban voids have been recreated through the voids in today's architectural spaces and that architectural voids are supporting, and even shaping the public/urban spaces.

Boşluk mimari formu etkileyen önemli öğelerden biridir. Herhangi bir formda boşluk çeşitli gerekçelere bağlı olarak oluşturulabilir. Boşluk mimari yapıya anlam yükleyebilir, işlevsel bir çözüm getirebilir. Yaşamda hiçlik anlamına gelen boşluk bu çalışma kapsamında mekanı var eden bir öğe olarak ele alınmıştır.

Çalışmanın amacı mimari formda yaratılan boşluğu fiziksel bir sınıflamanın ötesinde tasarımcıların ona yüklediği anlam ve işleve bağlı olarak sınıflandırmaktır. Bu bağlamda çok sayıda örneğin incelenmesi ve yorumlanmasıyla boşluk “düşünsel” ve “işlevsel” olmak üzere iki başlıkta değerlendirilmiştir. Her başlık kendi içinde alt başlıklara ayrılmakta ve örneklenmektedir. Çalışmada boşluğun sadece fiziksel değil, giderek mekanı gerçekten var eden bir öğe olma durumu tartışmaya açılmaktadır.

Mimari form üzerindeki etkisi ile öne çıkan olan boşluk, varsayımsal bir sınıflamaya tabi tutulmakta ve bu sınıflama kapsamında, seçilen örnekler üzerinden tartışmalara yer verilmektedir. Çalışmadaki örnekler 20. yy. başlarından günümüze kadar tasarlanmış ve gerçekleştirilmiş yapılar arasından seçilmiştir. Örnekler belirlenirken çok sayıda yapı taranarak seçilenlerde boşluğun etkili olmasına dikkat edilmiş, herhangi bir tarih, dönem aralığında olma ya da herhangi bir tarz ya da stile ait olma kaygısı güdülmemiştir.

On January 14, 2020 the Ligo Interferometer detected a Gravitational Wave from Betelgeuse in the Orion Constellation, indicative of a short burst of 0.013534 seconds at 64.698303 Hz.  It did not fit the duration for a Black Hole merger nor a Black Hole and Neutron Star merger.  As it seems the signature retains the hallmarks of a core collapse.  Thus, knowing orbital decay when compared from gravity waves to light years, light can lag behind gravity waves up to 1% of its speed.  Therefore, I will show through facts why Betelgeuse has exploded in 1491 with the knowledge of an accurate light year calculation of 535 light years.  Furthermore, light from Betelgeuse will lag behind the gravitational wave up to 5.15 to 5.4 light years.  Within this paper using python code I have calculated a gravitational geometric that accurately predicts light delay to gravitational waves.  Finally, I conclude with a proof that a core collapse of Betelgeuse in 1491 will show a light delay from January 14, 2020 of a gravitational wave to March-July of 2025; utilizing Hertz, which achieves parity to 64.698303 Hz &  masses of Betelgeuse and Earth that aligns with a proton width measurement inputs for the Gravity Geometric calculation in my python code.  Prepare for a visible Supernova in 2025!

By analysis of gravity waves GW150914 to S200114f when compared to a ratio from the Black Hole merger of 65 M ☉ at 260 Hz with Betelgeuse frequency of 64.698303 Hz the gravitational release on January 14, 2020 illustrates Betelgeuse's actual total solar mass of about 16.17 M ☉. This fits neatly with a solar mass approximation article from newswise exactly as they say 16.5 to 19 solar masses. Since the information was limited for the gravitational wave of S200114f, does this new found information derived from the Hertz and timings ratios to mass indicate a core collapse of the star Betelgeuse?

The exact value can be found using Table II in [52], where the leading harmonic ( = 2, m = 2, n = 0) for a black hole with a spin χ = 0.7 has G c3 MωGW = 0.5326 + 0.0808i, giving a ringdown frequency fGW|ringdown ≈ 260Hz 65M ☉ , https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1608/1608.01940.pdf

Their analysis reported a present-day mass of 16.5 to 19 solar mass--which is slightly lower than the most-recent estimates. The study also revealed how big Betelgeuse is, as well as its distance from Earth. The star's actual size has been a bit of a mystery: earlier studies, for instance, suggested it could be bigger than the orbit of Jupiter. However, the team's results showed Betelgeuse only extends out to two-thirds of that, with a radius 750 times the radius of the sun. Once the physical size of the star is known, it will be possible to determine its distance from Earth. Thus far, the team's results show it is a mere 530 light years from us, or 25 percent closer than previously thought.

https://youtu.be/GcUZ0OSFZME

In this book I take you on a ride with astrophysics information and that the facts about why the data points to a Betelgeuse explosion in 1491 as exhibited by a gravitational wave on January 14, 2020.  Also inside this book is a calculation from a piece of code in python form with a unique gravity geometric that calculates the lag delay of light to gravitational waves. The code uses advanced physics honing in on the Fine Structure Constant, Gravities Constant, calculations to a width of a proton and the Utilization of Pi (3.14) for a first to accurately calculate distances of gravity waves vs. light.

"S200114f - the only unmodelled transient, i.e. not compatible with a binary merger. These are expected to be core-collapse supernovae. Accurate localization just about compatible with to Betelgeuse. Distances in GW detectors are derived by assuming known luminosity for the waveform - hence no distance measurement (i.e. could be cosmological or from Earth). No counterparts. Probably has matter, and hence likely EM-bright.

https://www.unige.ch/isdc/ferrigno/files/2415/8500/1104/2020-03-23-Savchenko.pdf"

“YOU, the U-Bomb, or ‘YOU-Bomb goes Kabloom’: An Essay on Anonymity, Risibility, & Quantum Subjectivity,” published without author page-proofs ∴ with many odd glitches and with sections that had been deleted in the final draft (oh well!) in The Canadian Review of Comparative Literature Vol XXIII, Issue II, 1996, pp. 426-455 (submitted just prior to beginning a Masters/M.A. in Comparative Literature).

This article is an analysis of two plays by a great French literature writer, Albert Camus: Caligula (1945) and Le Malentendu (The Misunderstanding, sometimes published as Cross Purpose, 1944). After a careful presentation of the plots of the play, we are proposing a definition of the following terms: the absence and the void. Afterwards, we examine the nature of the absences presented and we offer a classification of such absences. We establish four categories of the void: philosophical, spiritual, physical, and the absence of the closest kin. A re-reading of the dramaturgical texts serves to appreciate the manner in which these texts are presented to the reader/spectator and to prove that the Camusian void is in a strict relation with an existential pain associated with the absence of God in people’s life

Two new three-dimensional frameworks with zeolite-like channels were prepared in the presence of 1,6-diaminohexane. Cu1.5(H3N–(CH2)6–NH3)0.5[C6H2(COO)4]·5H2O (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pequation image with a = 772.56(7), b = 1110.36(7), c = 1111.98(8) pm, α = 98.720(7)°, β = 108.246(9)°, and γ = 95.559(7)°. Cu2(H3N–(CH2)6–NH3)0.5(OH)[C6H2(COO)4]·3H2O (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c with a = 1159.34(11), b = 1059.44(7), c = 1582.2(2) pm, and β = 106.130(11)°. The Cu2+ coordination polyhedra are connected by [C6H2(COO)4]4– anions to yield three-dimensional frameworks with wide centrosymmetric channel-like voids. Complex 1 reveals voids extending along [100] with diagonals of 900 pm and 300 pm, whereas in complex 2 the diagonal of the nearly rectangular crossection of the channels extending parallel to [001] is 900 pm. The negative excess charges of the frameworks are compensated by [H3N–(CH2)6–NH3]2+ cations, which occupy the voids along with water molecules. The [H3N–(CH2)6–NH3]2+ cations are not connected to Cu2+ and have served as templates.

This is not a scientific explanation, but an intuitive exposition of the Ultimate State of Matter (USM). The Author has expressed this concept through many books and articles. Indeed, the USM is the Void Field which supports transmission of information. The Void Field is associated with the tiniest of tiny particles. Matter of all kind is embedded in the Void Field, including Information which is communicated by the Void Field. This is the non-mathematical concept of the Ultimate State of Matter. Enjoy.

„Void“ ist ein Begriff, den der Architekt Daniel Libeskind geprägt hat. Das von ihm entworfene Jüdische Museum in Berlin enthält mehrere dieser „Voids“. Wörtlich übersetzt heißt Void „Leere“ oder „Leerraum“. In dem Begriff der „Voids“ steckt für Libeskind untrennbar verknüpft das Begriffs-Tandem „Trauma“ und „Leere“. „Leere“ jedoch nicht einfach als etwas, das nicht da ist, sondern im Sinne einer „anwesenden Abwesenheit“, etwas, das „existiert und doch nicht offensichtlich ist“. Der Text untersucht diese „anwesende Abwesenheit“ im Land Brandenburg und fokussiert auf Antisemitismus.

Monoclinic single crystals of Co[(C6H10)(NH3)2][C6H2(COO)4] · 2H2O have been prepared in aqueous solution at 80 °C. Space group C2/c (no. 15), a = 1065.92(8), b = 1568.97(9), c = 1140.88(9) pm, β = 90.101(6)°, V = 1.9080(2) nm3, Z = 4. Co2+, which is situated on a twofold crystallographic axis, is coordinated in a moderately distorted tetrahedral fashion by four oxygen atoms stemming from the pyromellitate anions (Co-O 197.87(12) and 200.64(12) pm). A three-dimensionally connected coordination polymer is made up by Co2+ and C6H2(COO)44- featuring channel-like voids, which accomodate water molecules and (C6H10)(NH3)22+ cations compensating for the negative excess charge of the three-dimensional framework. Thermogravimetric analysis in air showed that the dehydrated compound was stable between 198 and 361 °C. Further decomposition yielded CoO. Zn[(C6H12)(NH3)2][C6H2(COO)4]·1/2H2O (2) was prepared analogously to 1 employing 1, 6-diaminohexane. Space group P21/n (no. 14), a = 1087.78(8), b = 1515.18(11), c = 1162.21(10) pm, β=96.249(7)°, V = 1.9042(3) nm3, Z = 4. Zn2+ is coordinated tetrahedrally like Co2+ by oxygen atoms of the pyromellitate anions (Zn—O 195.0(4) - 197.8(4)). The connection of Zn2+ with the anions leads similar to 1 to a three-dimensional framework with voids accomodating (C6H12)(NH3)22+-cations and water molecules. 2 was stable anhydrously between approx. 120 and 340 °C, the further decomposition was completed at 700 °C yielding ZnO.

This paper describes in detail those aspects of trance that facilitate the ongoing therapy process with the borderline personality and secondly, the utilization of trance phenomena to directly work with the borderline person's experience and particular ego deficits, elaborated from an object relations viewpoint.

Resumo: Este artigo traz uma análise das obras Uma encruzilhada aprazível (Ruy Vasconcelos, 2007) e Sábado à noite (Ivo Lopes Araújo, 2007) voltada principalmente para a questão da ausência ou rarefação de personagens no que se percebe como um vazio da cena. Nesta perspectiva analítica, enfatizamos como as relações entre corpos e espaços se dão nos filmes, atravessadas por uma presença latente da invisibilidade do extracampo. Palavras-chave: Vazio. Documentário brasileiro contemporâneo. Espetáculo.

Abstract: This article comprises an analysis of Uma Encruzilhada Aprazível (Ruy Vasconcelos, 2007) and Sábado à noite (Ivo Lopes Araújo, 2007). In our approach, we will focus mainly on the question of the absence or the sparseness of the characters in what we perceive as being an emptiness of the scene. In this analytical perspective we emphasize how the relations between bodies and spaces happen in these films, touched by the latent invisibility of the extra-field.

This is not a scientific explanation, but an intuitive exposition of the Ultimate State of Matter (USM).
The Author has expressed this concept through many books and articles. Indeed, the USM is the Void Field which supports transmission of information. The Void Field is associated with the tiniest of tiny particles. Matter of all kind is embedded in the Void Field, including Information which is communicated by the Void Field. This is the non-mathematical concept of the Ultimate State of Matter. Enjoy.

The original idea of aporia in the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle points to a limiting experience in thought, that is, to the hopelessness and uncertainty in the thought process, in which one desperately looks for a solution. However, Aristotle points out that the hopelessness in thinking is still due to the aporetic nature of the object: “For those who wish to get clear of difficulties it is advantageous to state the difficulties well; for the subsequent free play of thought implies the solution of the previous difficulties, and it is not possible to untie a knot which one does not know. But the difficulty of our thinking points to a knot in the object.” (Aristotle, Metaphysics, B 1, 995 a24 – b4). This observation clearly suggests that Aristotle’s notion of aporetics was ultimately – in the final instance – premised on the aporia of the object. The Aristotelian emphasis on objective aporia was summarily rejected by the Cartesian modernity that restricted the aporetics within the strict framework of epistemology. The medieval-scholastic philosophia naturalis was characterised from the outset by the incessant discourses on natural phenomena such as gravity, void, impetus, infinitesimal, space, time etc. In fact, these aporetics or aporetic discourses owe the objective aporia, as represented in the above-mentioned natural phenomena, their characteristic unresolvability and perseverance. On the basis of the apodictic certainty of axioms, Cartesian modernity aspired to overcome once and for all the prevailing aporetics of the scholastic natural philosophy. Early modern mechanical philosophy was built on axioms, which in reality veiled the predominant aporetic discourses of late medieval natural philosophy or buried them beneath apodictic first principles. This resulted, as I would argue, from the strategic suppression of the objective-phenomenal aporia in favor of the apodicticity of subjective a priori knowledge. In my lecture I try to show how the historic- paradigmatic transition from aporetics to apodeictic scientific discourses – during the emergence of early modern mechanical philosophy – turns out to be a scientifically problematic or even failed undertaking. The rehabilitation and legitimization of the objective aporia could make it possible that the certainty or apodicticity of scientific knowledge can emerge from an aporetic discourse itself, or even be presupposed by it.

In Belgium, it is planned to dispose of long-lived and high-level waste in an underground facility. After disposal of the waste, the galleries will be back¬filled to provide stability to the galleries and to limit the amount of voids in the repository. To achieve those goals, the backfill material has to have a good flowability, a negligible bleeding, and a limited shrinkage. A limited grain size is also required to allow the injection of the backfill material. Despite the fact that the backfill supports the gallery lining, its strength must be low enough to enable the retrieval of the waste packages. The backfill material has to be chemically compatible with the Boom Clay and the waste packages. This means that it should not unduly perturb the clay or disposal packages. The thermal conductivity of the backfill material in the galleries containing high-level and thus heat-generating waste must be high enough to allow sufficient dissipation of the decay heat into the surrounding clay.

Based on these objectives, material requirements were specified and the development of a backfill mixture was carried out. Initially, the mix composition was optimized in the laboratory. Thereafter, the backfill process of a gallery section was simulated. The investigations illustrate that this mixture can be transported via pipelines through the shaft and drifts and would fill completely the backfill sections in the galleries. Measurements of the porosity, the pore solution composition, the thermal material properties, and the strength illustrate the compliances with the requirements and the feasibility of backfilling the disposal galleries.
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The Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and enriched Fissile Material ONDRAF/NIRAS is studying the disposal of low and medium activity level, long-lived waste (category B) and high activity, heat-generating waste (category C) in an underground facility. The repository is built at a reference depth of approximately 230 m in the Boom Clay host rock. Two shafts are built for personnel and material transfer and to provide ventilation during the construction and operation of the repository. A third shaft will be constructed for the waste transport. The shafts are connected via horizontal access galleries. The disposal galleries are constructed perpendicular to the access galleries. They are blind or dead-end galleries with a diameter of approx. 3.0 m and a length of 1,000 m. Fig. 1 shows an overview of the repository layout.
The galleries in the clay will be lined with concrete wedge blocks. In the order to transport and to support the waste packages after disposal, the galleries are outfitted with a concrete floor. It is planned to backfill the galleries section by section with a cement-based material, because grout injection is assumed to offer better opportunities for achieving the industrial performance that is required to backfill such volumes in a relatively short period of time. The current planning assumes a volume of the sections of approximately 85 m³, which will be backfilled in three and a half hours. Seals will be placed at the front-end of the disposal galleries.

The main functions of the backfill mortar are (1) isolating the waste by forming an extra barrier to the waste, (2) providing the galleries with stability and thus avoiding a gallery collapse and (3) reducing the voids in the repository which is a regulatory requirement.

As the backfill needs to realize a high filling degree, it has to show good flowability, negligible bleeding, and limited shrinkage. The grain size is limited to allow the injection of the backfill material. Another important requirement for the backfill follows from the potential requirement for waste retrievability. This means that the strength of the backfill has to be sufficient low so that the backfill can be removed at a later stage. In addition, a high porous backfill might be envisaged as it can provide a storage volume for gas generated in the repository and consequently limit the gas pressure build-up. This is in particular important for the category B waste for which the gas generation is expected to be more significant than for the category C waste.
The backfill material has to be chemically compatible with the Boom Clay host formation and any other component of the disposal system like the gallery lining and the waste disposal packages. This means that it should not unduly perturb the clay or disposal packages. Finally, the thermal conductivity of the backfill material in the category C waste disposal galleries must be high enough to allow sufficient dissipation of the heat from the category C waste into the surrounding clay. Furthermore, it has to be thermally stable under the maximum temperature that will occur in the backfill material.

Klasik İslam sanat eserlerinin -eskiden farklı olarak- bir çerçeve içine
konulması ve seküler mekanlara asılması ne anlama gelmektedir? Kimi
zaman çerçeveden uzak bir şekilde sokak duvarları, metro girişleri gibi
kamuya açık mekanlarda görünür olması, onların modern hayat ile
ilişkisinde ne tür rol oynamaktadır? Klasik İslam sanatlarının geleneksel
anlatılardan/yorumlardan kısmen uzaklaşarak modern hayata ve
mekanlara dahil olmak istemesi, onların anlam dünyasını nasıl
dönüştürmektedir? Bu yazımızda yukarıdaki soruları daha iyi
kavramamıza imkan verecek şekilde, sanat eseri-çerçeve-duvar arasındaki
ilişkiye klasik İslam sanatlarına özel referansla değinmeye çalışacağız.
Yazımızda ileri süreceğimiz iddia şudur: Klasik İslam sanatları, Ortaçağda
gördüğümüz şekliyle, konumlandırıcı güç olma vasfını önemli ölçüde
yitirerek, seküler mekanlarda konumlandırılan bir şeye dönüşmektedirler.
Bu yüzden onlar her ne kadar bir yönüyle sanat eseri vasfını korusalar da,
diğer yönüyle dekorasyon (ornament) karakterine bürünmektedirler.

Chapter 12 of The World as Sculpture. Looks at Modernist obsession with holes and voids, fragmented and pitted surfaces; accidental and potentially perilous encounters with 'non-caressable' artworks, often placed directly on the floor. Tatlin's Faktura, Henry Moore, Schwitters' Merzbau, archaeological metaphors for the mind, Anthony Caro, Beuys, Richard Serra, Louis Kahn's 'architecture of stopping'....

Triclinic single crystals of Cu4(H3N–(CH2)9–NH3)(OH)2[C6H2(COO)4]2•5H2O were prepared in aqueous solution at 80 °C in the presence of 1,9-diaminononane. Space group P-1 (no. 2) with a = 1057.5(2), b = 1166.0(2), c = 1576.7(2) pm, α = 106.080(10)°, β = 90.73(2)° and γ = 94.050(10)°. The four crystallographic independent Cu2+ ions are surrounded by five oxygen atoms each with Cu–O distances between 191.4(3) and 231.7(4) pm. The connection between the Cu2+ coordination polyhedra and the [C6H2(COO)4]4– anions yields three-dimensional framework with negative excess charge and wide centrosymmetric channel-like voids. These voids extend parallel to [001] with the diagonal of the nearly rectangular cross-section of approximately 900 pm. The channels of the framework accommodate [H3N–(CH2)9–NH3]2+ cations and water molecules, which are not connected to Cu2+. The nonane-1,9-diammonium cations adopt a partial gauche conformation. Thermoanalytical measurements in air show a loss of water of crystallization starting at 90 °C and finishing at approx. 170 °C. The dehydrated compound is stable up to 260 °C followed by an exothermic decomposition yielding copper oxide.

The Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey provides an unprecedented level of deetail for studying the large scale structure of the nearby Universe, providing up to 10 times the target density of SDSS over an area of 144 square degrees. By using an adapted minimal spanning tree algorithm, we are able to use this data to identify and classify the distribution of groups and galaxies into filaments and voids; including coherent substructures composed entirely of galaxies. By running this algorithm on simulated GAMA catalogues, we compare the characteristics of large scale structure between observed and simulated data. This provides a probe of higher order distribution statistics not captured by the popularly used two-point correlation function.

The risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is currently one important factor impeding the use of medium Mn steels. However, knowledge about HE in these materials is sparse. Their multiphase microstructure with highly variable phase conditions (e.g. fraction, percolation and dislocation density) and the feature of deformation-driven phase transformation render systematic studies of HE mechanisms challenging. Here we investigate two austenite-ferrite medium Mn steel samples with very different phase characteristics. The first one has a ferritic matrix (~74 vol.% ferrite) with embedded austenite and a high dislo-cation density (~10 14 m −2) in ferrite. The second one has a well recrystallized microstructure consisting of an austenitic matrix (~59 vol.% austenite) and embedded ferrite. We observe that the two types of microstructures show very different response to HE, due to fundamental differences between the HE mi-cromechanisms acting in them. The influence of H in the first type of microstructure is explained by the H-enhanced local plastic flow in ferrite and the resulting increased strain incompatibility between fer-rite and the adjacent phase mixture of austenite and strain-induced α'-martensite. In the second type of microstructure, the dominant role of H lies in its decohesion effect on phase and grain boundaries, due to the initially trapped H at the interfaces and subsequent H migration driven by deformation-induced austenite-to-martensite transformation. The fundamental change in the prevalent HE mechanisms between these two microstructures is related to the spatial distribution of H within them. This observation provides significant insights for future microstructural design towards higher HE resistance of high-strength steels.

Le programme du colloque à Cerisy-la-Salle, organisé par Pierre Taminiaux (Georgetown University) et Jérôme Duwa (IMEC). Ce colloque explorera les diverses représentations du vide dans la création littéraire (fiction, poésie, théâtre, essai) et artistique (peinture, dessin, sculpture, installation, livre-objet) des XXe et XXIe siècles, en particulier dans les avant-gardes. Le vide reflète avant tout un parti pris esthétique de dépouillement et d’épure des formes. Mais il débouche aussi dans de nombreux cas sur l’expression d’une crise, sinon d’une "fin de l’art" dans la culture occidentale, comme l’a suggéré le mouvement "Fluxus" dans les années 1960/1970 et comme le montre encore l’art contemporain aujourd’hui. Au-delà de ces principes formels et de ces tensions philosophiques, le vide renvoie également à des sensibilités extra-occidentales, venues en particulier d’Asie. Dès lors il implique un processus conscient de rapprochement des cultures qui met en valeur la qualité méditative et spirituelle de l’art, en particulier dans son rapport au bouddhisme zen. Ce colloque, à la fois interdisciplinaire et interculturel, s'adresse prioritairement à un public d'étudiants et d'enseignants-chercheurs qui travaillent dans le domaine de la critique littéraire (française ou comparée) et de l'histoire de l'art des XXe et XXIe siècles. Il devrait intéresser en particulier ceux d'entre eux qui se consacrent à l'étude des avant-gardes.

Before I discuss the unorthodox ways in which Henry James describes reality in his novella The Turn of the Screw, it is important for readers to be equipped with the necessary philosophical and linguistic issues which I suggest help complicate how the author perceived his work as being representative of " psychological realism, " a subgenre of Realism that James coined for himself. By highlighting and exploring the various problems that experience and language impose in mankind's construction of reality, I will provide readers with the insight to understand how the supernatural plays a significant role in not only how the author perceives his own reality, but also in how that given reality shapes the reality for the characters in the text. These layered perceptions of reality provide readers with a complex understanding of what we call reality does not represent absolute truth; rather, it is a tumultuous and fractal reflection of human nature to establish a system that promotes and acknowledges self-sustainability, self-recognition, and self-relevance.

The main objective of this paper is to develop three-dimensional 3D microstructure-based discrete element models of asphalt mixtures to study the dynamic modulus from the stress-strain response under compressive loads. The 3D microstructure of the asphalt mixture was obtained from a number of two-dimensional 2D images. In the 2D discrete element model, the aggregate and mastic were simulated with the

The objective of the paper is to study the effect of ageing, inclusions and voids on the mechanism of fracture and resultant toughness. It has been found that the voids are initiated at only a fraction of the larger inclusions present. The initiation of voids at small particles in the ductile fracture process appears to have little effect on fracture toughness. The strain hardening capacity has a marked effect on void size, and is an indicator of fracture toughness in the commercial Al alloy.