Abstract. The article examines the historical preconditions for the attainment of sovereignty by princedom Simsim at the background of internal fighting in the Golden Horde state. As well, there are uncovered previously unknown aspects...
moreAbstract. The article examines the historical preconditions for the attainment of sovereignty by princedom Simsim at the background of internal fighting in the Golden Horde state. As well, there are uncovered previously unknown aspects of the relationship between the Russian, Ossetian, Chechen and Golden Horde elites (the work points out the possible mention of the Chechen and Ossetian rulers as members of the embassy in Kostroma in 1360). The processes are analyzed through the prism of political and diplomatic activity of princedom Simsim governor, well known as Gayur-Khan, who due to military and diplomatic successes based suitable conditions that resulted the sovereignty of the princedom from Golden Horde in the middle of the XIV century. An analysis of the motives of confrontation between Gayur Khan and the governor of the Golden Horde of Mamai is conducted, leading to their clash and large-scale military activation of Chechens on the plane after nearly a hundred years of isolation in mountainous areas.